1
|
Ciurescu IA, Lencioni R, Stemmer SM, Farbstein M, Harpaz Z, Bareket-Samish A, Silverman MH, Fishman P. A long‑term complete response to namodenoson in liver cancer with Child‑Pugh B cirrhosis: A case report. Exp Ther Med 2024; 27:263. [PMID: 38756903 PMCID: PMC11097268 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2024.12551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Established treatments for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with Child-Pugh cirrhosis B (CPB, moderate hepatic dysfunction) are lacking. A recently published randomized phase 2 study in CPB HCC investigating the safety and efficacy of namodenoson (25 mg BID), an A3 adenosine-receptor agonist vs. placebo, suggested a favorable safety profile and a positive efficacy signal in patients with HCC with a CPB score of 7 (CPB7). The present study reports a 61-year-old woman with CPB7 HCC who received namodenoson for over 6 years through this study and its open-label extension. Computed tomography scans demonstrated partial and complete responses after 7 weeks and 4 years of treatment, respectively. Low albumin levels (31 g/l) and elevated baseline levels of alanine transaminase and aspartate aminotransferase (68 U/l and 44 U/l, respectively) were reported. After 4 weeks of treatment, these levels normalized and were stable for over 6 years. No treatment-emergent adverse events were noted. At the time of reporting, the response is ongoing as manifested by imaging studies and liver function evaluation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Riccardo Lencioni
- Department of Radiology, Pisa University School of Medicine, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
- Department of Radiology, Miami Cancer Institute, Miami, FL 33176, USA
| | - Salomon M. Stemmer
- Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva 4941492, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Aviv University, Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | | | - Zivit Harpaz
- Can-Fite BioPharma Ltd., Petah Tikva 49170, Israel
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Osman EEA, Shemis MA, Abdel-Hameed ESS, Gouda AE, Hassan H, Atef N, Mamdouh S. Phytoconstituent analysis, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and anticancer effects of nano encapsulated Convolvulus arvensis L. extracts. BMC Complement Med Ther 2024; 24:122. [PMID: 38486187 PMCID: PMC10938824 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-024-04420-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Convolvulus genus is distributed all over the world and has a long history in traditional medicine. As nanotechnology expands its reach into areas like drug delivery and biomedicine, this study intends to assess the potential of Convolvulus arvensis L. extracts as anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer agents, along with chemical profiling of the methanolic (MeOH) extract active ingredients. METHODS The chemical composition of an 85% MeOH extract was investigated by liquid chromatography with an electrospray source connected to mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS). Both the 85% MeOH extract and n-butanol fraction of C. arvensis were loaded for the first time on alginate/chitosan nanoparticles. The 85% MeOH extract, n-butanol fraction and their loaded nanoparticles were tested for their cytotoxicity, anticancer, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activity (against pathogenic bacteria, E. coli and S. aureus). RESULTS The chemical investigation of 85% MeOH extract of C. arvensis underwent LC-ESI-MS analysis, revealing twenty-six phenolic substances, of which 16 were phenolic acids, 6 were flavonoids, 1 glycolipid, 1 sesquiterpene and 2 unknown compounds. The FT-IR spectra confirmed the encapsulation of the 85% MeOH extract and n-butanol fraction onto alginate/chitosan nanoparticles and small size obtained by TEM maintained them nontoxic and enhanced their anti-inflammatory activity (the IC50 was decreased from 1050 to 175 µg/ml). The anti-cancer activity against HepG2 was increased and the cell viability was decreased from 28.59 ± 0.52 to 20.80 ± 0.27 at a maximum concentration of 1000 µg/ml. In addition, the MIC of encapsulated extracts was decreased from 31.25 to7.78 µg/ml in E. coli (Gm-ve) and from 15.56 to 7.78 µg/ml in S. aureus (Gm + ve) bacteria. CONCLUSION Both alginate and chitosan are excellent natural polymers for the encapsulation process, which affects positively on the bioactive constituents of C. arvensis extracts and improves their biological properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ezzat E A Osman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Kornaish El-Nile St, Giza, 12411, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed A Shemis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Kornaish El-Nile St, Giza, 12411, Egypt
| | - El-Sayed S Abdel-Hameed
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Kornaish El-Nile St, Giza, 12411, Egypt
| | - Abdullah E Gouda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Kornaish El-Nile St, Giza, 12411, Egypt
| | - Hanem Hassan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Kornaish El-Nile St, Giza, 12411, Egypt
| | - Nahla Atef
- Air Force Specialized Hospital, Cairo, 19448, Egypt
| | - Samah Mamdouh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Kornaish El-Nile St, Giza, 12411, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen D, Mao P, Sun C, Fan X, Zhu Q, Chen Z, He Z, Lou Y, Sun H. Prognostic Value of Combined Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio and Imaging Tumor Capsule in Solitary Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients after Narrow-Margin Hepatectomy. J Clin Med 2024; 13:351. [PMID: 38256485 PMCID: PMC10816149 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13020351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study aimed to investigate the clinical value and prognostic patterns of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and imaging tumor capsule (ITC) in solitary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients undergoing narrow-margin hepatectomy. METHODS Data for solitary HCC patients treated with narrow-margin surgery were extracted from Shanghai General Hospital. Clinical features of recurrence-free survival (RFS), overall survival (OS), and early recurrence were investigated by Cox/logistic regression. The significant variables were subsequently incorporated into the nomogram pattern. Survival analysis stratified by NLR and ITC was also performed. RESULTS The study included a cohort of 222 patients, with median RFS and OS of 24.083 and 32.283 months, respectively. Both an NLR ≥ 2.80 and incomplete ITC had a significant impact on prognosis. NLR and ITC independently affected RFS and OS, whereas alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and ITC were identified as independent factors for early relapse. The RFS and OS nomogram, generated based on the Cox model, demonstrated good performance in validation. The combination of NLR and ITC showed greater predictive accuracy for 5-year RFS and OS. Subgroups with an NLR ≥ 2.80 and incomplete ITC had the worst prognosis. CONCLUSIONS Both NLR and ITC significantly affected RFS, OS, and early recurrence among solitary HCC patients who underwent narrow-margin hepatectomy. The combination of NLR and ITC has the potential to guide rational clinical treatment and determine the prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Desheng Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China; (D.C.); (Q.Z.); (Z.C.); (Z.H.); (Y.L.)
| | - Pengjuan Mao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China;
| | - Chen Sun
- Clinical Research Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China;
| | - Xuhui Fan
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China;
| | - Qi Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China; (D.C.); (Q.Z.); (Z.C.); (Z.H.); (Y.L.)
| | - Zeping Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China; (D.C.); (Q.Z.); (Z.C.); (Z.H.); (Y.L.)
| | - Zeping He
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China; (D.C.); (Q.Z.); (Z.C.); (Z.H.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yichao Lou
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China; (D.C.); (Q.Z.); (Z.C.); (Z.H.); (Y.L.)
| | - Hongcheng Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China; (D.C.); (Q.Z.); (Z.C.); (Z.H.); (Y.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Xu Q, Ren L, Ren N, Yang Y, Pan J, Zheng Y, Wang G. Ferroptosis: a new promising target for hepatocellular carcinoma therapy. Mol Cell Biochem 2023:10.1007/s11010-023-04893-y. [PMID: 38051404 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04893-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixed most common malignant tumor in the world. The study for HCC is mired in the predicament confronted with the difficulty of early diagnosis and high drug resistance, the survival rate of patients with HCC being low. Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent cell death, has been discovered in recent years as a cell death means with tremendous potential to fight against cancer. The in-depth researches for iron metabolism, lipid peroxidation and dysregulation of antioxidant defense have brought about tangible progress in the firmament of ferroptosis with more and more results showing close connections between ferroptosis and HCC. The potential role of ferroptosis has been widely used in chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiotherapy, and nanotherapy, with the development of various new drugs significantly improving the prognosis of patients. Based on the characteristics and mechanisms of ferroptosis, this article further focuses on the main signaling pathways and promising treatments of HCC, envisioning that existing problems in regard with ferroptosis and HCC could be grappled with in the foreseeable future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoping Xu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Cancer Center, Westlake University School of Medical, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Lanqi Ren
- Fourth Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang, Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310051, China
| | - Ning Ren
- Fourth Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang, Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310051, China
| | - Yibei Yang
- Fourth Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang, Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310051, China
| | - Junjie Pan
- Fourth Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang, Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310051, China
| | - Yu Zheng
- Second Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang, Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310051, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Cancer Center, Westlake University School of Medical, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Georgieva M, Xenodochidis C, Krasteva N. Old age as a risk factor for liver diseases: Modern therapeutic approaches. Exp Gerontol 2023; 184:112334. [PMID: 37977514 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2023.112334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Recent scientific interest has been directed towards age-related diseases, driven by the significant increase in global life expectancy and the growing population of individuals aged 65 and above. The ageing process encompasses various biological, physiological, environmental, psychological, behavioural, and social changes, leading to an augmented susceptibility to chronic illnesses. Cardiovascular, neurological, musculoskeletal, liver and oncological diseases are prevalent in the elderly. Moreover, ageing individuals demonstrate reduced regenerative capacity and decreased tolerance towards therapeutic interventions, including organ transplantation. Liver diseases, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, alcoholic liver disease, hepatitis, fibrosis, and cirrhosis, have emerged as significant public health concerns. Paradoxically, these conditions remain underestimated despite their substantial global impact. Age-related factors are closely associated with the severity and unfavorable prognosis of various liver diseases, warranting further investigation to enhance clinical management and develop novel therapeutic strategies. This comprehensive review focuses specifically on age-related liver diseases, their treatment strategies, and contemporary practices. It provides a detailed account of the global burden, types, molecular mechanisms, and epigenetic alterations underlying these liver pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milena Georgieva
- Institute of Molecular Biology "Acad. Roumen Tsanev", Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Charilaos Xenodochidis
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Natalia Krasteva
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
South E, Wade R, Anwer S, Sharif‐Hurst S, Harden M, Fulbright H, Dias S, Simmonds M, Rowe I, Thornton P, Wah TM, Eastwood A. The effectiveness of ablative and non-surgical therapies for early hepatocellular carcinoma: Systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Cancer Med 2023; 12:20759-20772. [PMID: 37902128 PMCID: PMC10709740 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Non-surgical therapies are frequently used for patients with early or very early hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The aim of this systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) was to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of ablative and non-surgical therapies for patients with small HCC. METHODS Nine databases were searched (March 2021) along with clinical trial registries. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of any ablative or non-surgical therapy versus any comparator in patients with HCC ≤3 cm were eligible. Risk of bias (RoB) was assessed using the Cochrane RoB 2 tool. The effectiveness of therapies was compared using NMA. Threshold analysis was undertaken to identify which NMA results had less robust evidence. RESULTS Thirty-seven eligible RCTs were included (including over 3700 patients). Most were from China (n = 17) or Japan (n = 7). Sample sizes ranged from 30 to 308 patients. The majority had a high RoB or some RoB concerns. No RCTs were identified for some therapies and no RCTs reported quality of life outcomes. The results of the NMA and treatment effectiveness rankings were very uncertain. However, the evidence demonstrated that percutaneous ethanol injection was worse than radiofrequency ablation for overall survival (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.45, 95% credible interval [CrI]: 1.16-1.82), progression-free survival (HR: 1.36, 95% CrI: 1.11-1.67), overall recurrence (relative risk [RR]: 1.19, 95% CrI: 1.02-1.39) and local recurrence (RR: 1.80, 95% CrI: 1.19-2.71). The threshold analysis suggested that robust evidence was lacking for some comparisons. CONCLUSIONS It is unclear which treatment is most effective for patients with small HCC because of limitations in the evidence base. It is also not known how these treatments would impact on quality of life. Further high quality RCTs are needed to provide robust evidence but may be difficult to undertake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily South
- Centre for Reviews and DisseminationUniversity of YorkYorkUK
| | - Ros Wade
- Centre for Reviews and DisseminationUniversity of YorkYorkUK
| | - Sumayya Anwer
- Centre for Reviews and DisseminationUniversity of YorkYorkUK
| | | | - Melissa Harden
- Centre for Reviews and DisseminationUniversity of YorkYorkUK
| | - Helen Fulbright
- Centre for Reviews and DisseminationUniversity of YorkYorkUK
| | - Sofia Dias
- Centre for Reviews and DisseminationUniversity of YorkYorkUK
| | - Mark Simmonds
- Centre for Reviews and DisseminationUniversity of YorkYorkUK
| | - Ian Rowe
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustLeedsUK
| | | | | | - Alison Eastwood
- Centre for Reviews and DisseminationUniversity of YorkYorkUK
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hendi Z, Asadi Sarabi P, Hay D, Vosough M. XBP1 as a novel molecular target to attenuate drug resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2023; 27:1207-1215. [PMID: 38078890 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2023.2293746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite improvements in clinical management of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), prognosis remains poor with a 5-year survival rate less than 40%. Drug resistance in HCC makes it challenging to treat; therefore, it is imperative to develop new therapeutic strategies. Higher expression of X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1) in tumor cells is highly correlated with poor prognosis. In tumor cells, XBP1 modulates the unfolded protein response (UPR) to restore homeostasis in endoplasmic reticulum. Targeting XBP1 could be a promising therapeutic strategy to overcome HCC resistance and improve the survival rate of patients. AREAS COVERED This review provides the recent evidence that indicates XBP1 is involved in HCC drug resistance via DNA damage response, drug inactivation, and inhibition of apoptosis. In addition, the potential roles of XBP1 in inducing resistance in HCC cells were highlighted, and we showed how its inhibition could sensitize tumor cells to controlled cell death. EXPERT OPINION Due to the diversity in molecular mechanism of multidrug-resistance, targeting one specific pathway is inadequate. XBP1 inhibition could be a potential therapeutic target to overcome verity of resistance mechanisms. The main function of this transcription factor in HCC treatment response is an attractive area for further studies and should be discussed more.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Hendi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Tehran, Iran
- Department of Animal Biology-Cell and Developmental, Faculty of Basic Sciences and Advanced Technologies in Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pedram Asadi Sarabi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Tehran, Iran
| | - David Hay
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Massoud Vosough
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Tehran, Iran
- Experimental Cancer Medicine, Institution for Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital-Huddinge, Huddinge, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Punginelli D, Catania V, Abruscato G, Luparello C, Vazzana M, Mauro M, Cunsolo V, Saletti R, Di Francesco A, Arizza V, Schillaci D. New Bioactive Peptides from the Mediterranean Seagrass Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile and Their Impact on Antimicrobial Activity and Apoptosis of Human Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:5650. [PMID: 36982723 PMCID: PMC10056643 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The demand for new molecules to counter bacterial resistance to antibiotics and tumor cell resistance is increasingly pressing. The Mediterranean seagrass Posidonia oceanica is considered a promising source of new bioactive molecules. Polypeptide-enriched fractions of rhizomes and green leaves of the seagrass were tested against Gram-positive (e.g., Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis) and Gram-negative bacteria (e.g., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli), as well as towards the yeast Candida albicans. The aforementioned extracts showed indicative MIC values, ranging from 1.61 μg/mL to 7.5 μg/mL, against the selected pathogens. Peptide fractions were further analyzed through a high-resolution mass spectrometry and database search, which identified nine novel peptides. Some discovered peptides and their derivatives were chemically synthesized and tested in vitro. The assays identified two synthetic peptides, derived from green leaves and rhizomes of P. oceanica, which revealed interesting antibiofilm activity towards S. aureus, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa (BIC50 equal to 17.7 μg/mL and 70.7 μg/mL). In addition, the natural and derivative peptides were also tested for potential cytotoxic and apoptosis-promoting effects on HepG2 cells, derived from human hepatocellular carcinomas. One natural and two synthetic peptides were proven to be effective against the "in vitro" liver cancer cell model. These novel peptides could be considered a good chemical platform for developing potential therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diletta Punginelli
- Section of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Valentina Catania
- Department of Earth and Sea Science (DiSTeM), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Blg. 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giulia Abruscato
- Section of Cell Biology, Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Blg. 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Claudio Luparello
- Section of Cell Biology, Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Blg. 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Mirella Vazzana
- Section of Animal Biology and Anthropology, Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 18, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Manuela Mauro
- Section of Animal Biology and Anthropology, Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 18, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Cunsolo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Rosaria Saletti
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Antonella Di Francesco
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Arizza
- Section of Animal Biology and Anthropology, Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 18, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Domenico Schillaci
- Section of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| |
Collapse
|