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Wang Z, Dong S, Zhou W. Pancreatic stellate cells: Key players in pancreatic health and diseases (Review). Mol Med Rep 2024; 30:109. [PMID: 38695254 PMCID: PMC11082724 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2024.13233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
As a pluripotent cell, activated pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) can differentiate into various pancreatic parenchymal cells and participate in the secretion of extracellular matrix and the repair of pancreatic damage. Additionally, PSCs characteristics allow them to contribute to pancreatic inflammation and carcinogenesis. Moreover, a detailed study of the pathogenesis of activated PSCs in pancreatic disease can offer promise for the development of innovative therapeutic strategies and improved patient prognoses. Therefore, the present study review aimed to examine the involvement of activated PSCs in pancreatic diseases and elucidate the underlying mechanisms to provide a viable therapeutic strategy for the management of pancreas‑related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengfeng Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Shi Dong
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Wence Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
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Kong F, Pan Y, Wu D. Activation and Regulation of Pancreatic Stellate Cells in Chronic Pancreatic Fibrosis: A Potential Therapeutic Approach for Chronic Pancreatitis. Biomedicines 2024; 12:108. [PMID: 38255213 PMCID: PMC10813475 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
In the complex progression of fibrosis in chronic pancreatitis, pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) emerge as central figures. These cells, initially in a dormant state characterized by the storage of vitamin A lipid droplets within the chronic pancreatitis microenvironment, undergo a profound transformation into an activated state, typified by the secretion of an abundant extracellular matrix, including α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). This review delves into the myriad factors that trigger PSC activation within the context of chronic pancreatitis. These factors encompass alcohol, cigarette smoke, hyperglycemia, mechanical stress, acinar cell injury, and inflammatory cells, with a focus on elucidating their underlying mechanisms. Additionally, we explore the regulatory factors that play significant roles during PSC activation, such as TGF-β, CTGF, IL-10, PDGF, among others. The investigation into these regulatory factors and pathways involved in PSC activation holds promise in identifying potential therapeutic targets for ameliorating fibrosis in chronic pancreatitis. We provide a summary of recent research findings pertaining to the modulation of PSC activation, covering essential genes and innovative regulatory mediators designed to counteract PSC activation. We anticipate that this research will stimulate further insights into PSC activation and the mechanisms of pancreatic fibrosis, ultimately leading to the discovery of groundbreaking therapies targeting cellular and molecular responses within these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanyi Kong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; (F.K.); (Y.P.)
| | - Yingyu Pan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; (F.K.); (Y.P.)
| | - Dong Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; (F.K.); (Y.P.)
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
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Shi S, Mao X, Lv J, Wang Y, Zhang X, Shou X, Zhang B, Li Y, Wu H, Song Q, Hu Y. Qi-Po-Sheng-Mai granule ameliorates Ach-CaCl 2 -induced atrial fibrillation by regulating calcium homeostasis in cardiomyocytes. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 119:155017. [PMID: 37597360 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atrial fibrillation (AF) is one of the most common arrhythmias encountered in clinical settings. Currently, the pathophysiology of AF remains unclear, which severely limits the effectiveness and safety of medical therapies. The Chinese herbal formula Qi-Po-Sheng-Mai Granule (QPSM) has been widely used in China to treat AF. However, its pharmacological and molecular mechanisms remain unknown. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate the molecular mechanisms and potential targets of QPSM for AF. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS The AF model was induced by Ach (66 μg/ml) and CaCl2 (10 mg/kg), and the dose of 0.1 ml/100 g was injected into the tail vein for 5 weeks. QPSM was administered daily at doses of 4.42 and 8.84 g/kg, and amiodarone (0.18 g/kg) was used as the positive control. The effect of QPSM on AF was assessed by electrocardiogram, echocardiography, and histopathological analysis. Then, we employed network pharmacology with single nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-Seq) to investigate the molecular mechanisms and potential targets of QPSM for AF. Furthermore, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was used for component analysis of QPSM, and molecular docking was used to verify the potential targets. Using the IonOptix single cell contraction and ion synchronization test equipment, single myocyte length and calcium ion variations were observed in real time. The expression levels of calcium Transporter-related proteins were detected by western blot and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Based on an Ach-CaCl2-induced AF model, we found that QPSM treatment significantly reduced atrial electrical remodeling-related markers, such as AF inducibility and duration, and attenuated atrial dilation and fibrosis. Network pharmacology identified 52 active ingredients and 119 potential targets for QPSM in the treatment of AF, and 45 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways were enriched, among which calcium pathway had the greatest impact. Using single nucleus sequencing (snRNA-seq), we identified cardiomyocytes as the most differentially expressed in response to drug treatment, with nine differentially expressed genes enriched in calcium signaling pathways. High performance liquid chromatography and molecular docking confirmed that the core components of QPSM strongly bind to the key factors in the calcium signaling pathway. Additional experiments have shown that QPSM increases calcium transients (CaT) and contractility in the individual cardiomyocyte. This was accomplished by increasing the expression of CACNA1C and SERCA2a and decreasing the expression of CAMK2B and NCX1. CONCLUSION The present study has systematically elucidated the role of QPSM in maintaining calcium homeostasis in cardiomyocytes through the regulation of calcium transporters, which could lead to new drug development ideas for AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqing Shi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, 5 Beixiange Street Xicheng District, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Xinxin Mao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, 5 Beixiange Street Xicheng District, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Jiayu Lv
- Department of Internal Medicine, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, 5 Beixiange Street Xicheng District, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Yajiao Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, 5 Beixiange Street Xicheng District, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Xuesong Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xintian Shou
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bingxuan Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, 5 Beixiange Street Xicheng District, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Yumeng Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, 5 Beixiange Street Xicheng District, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Huaqin Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qingqiao Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, 5 Beixiange Street Xicheng District, Beijing 100053, China.
| | - Yuanhui Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Ghafouri-Fard S, Shoorei H, Dong P, Poornajaf Y, Hussen BM, Taheri M, Akbari Dilmaghani N. Emerging functions and clinical applications of exosomal microRNAs in diseases. Noncoding RNA Res 2023; 8:350-362. [PMID: 37250456 PMCID: PMC10209650 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2023.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are an important group of extracellular vesicles that transfer several kinds of biomolecules and facilitate cell-cell communication. The content of exosomes, particularly the amounts of microRNA (miRNAs) inside these vesicles, demonstrates a disease-specific pattern reflecting pathogenic processes and may be employed as a diagnostic and prognostic marker. miRNAs may enter recipient cells through exosomes and generate a RISC complex that can cause degradation of the target mRNAs or block translation of their corresponding proteins. Therefore, exosome-derived miRNAs constitute an important mechanism of gene regulation in recipient cells. The miRNA content of exosomes can be used as an important tool in the detection of diverse disorders, particularly cancers. This research field has an important situation in cancer diagnosis. In addition, exosomal microRNAs offer a great deal of promise in the treatment of human disorders. However, there are still certain challenges to be resolved. The most important challenges are as follow: the detection of exosomal miRNAs should be standardized, exosomal miRNAs-associated studies should be conducted in large number of clinical samples, and experiment settings and detection criteria should be consistent across different labs. The goal of this article is to present an overview of the effects of exosome-derived microRNAs on a variety of diseases, including gastrointestinal, pulmonary, neurological, and cardiovascular diseases, with a particular emphasis on malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Shoorei
- Clinical Research Development Unit of Tabriz Valiasr Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Peixin Dong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yadollah Poornajaf
- Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Bashdar Mahmud Hussen
- Department of Clinical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Kurdistan Region, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nader Akbari Dilmaghani
- Skull Base Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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An J, Jiang T, Qi L, Xie K. Acinar cells and the development of pancreatic fibrosis. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2023; 71-72:40-53. [PMID: 37291030 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2023.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic fibrosis is caused by excessive deposition of extracellular matrixes of collagen and fibronectin in the pancreatic tissue as a result of repeated injury often seen in patients with chronic pancreatic diseases. The most common causative conditions include inborn errors of metabolism, chemical toxicity and autoimmune disorders. Its pathophysiology is highly complex, including acinar cell injury, acinar stress response, duct dysfunction, pancreatic stellate cell activation, and persistent inflammatory response. However, the specific mechanism remains to be fully clarified. Although the current therapeutic strategies targeting pancreatic stellate cells show good efficacy in cell culture and animal models, they are not satisfactory in the clinic. Without effective intervention, pancreatic fibrosis can promote the transformation from pancreatitis to pancreatic cancer, one of the most lethal malignancies. In the normal pancreas, the acinar component accounts for 82% of the exocrine tissue. Abnormal acinar cells may activate pancreatic stellate cells directly as cellular source of fibrosis or indirectly via releasing various substances and initiate pancreatic fibrosis. A comprehensive understanding of the role of acinar cells in pancreatic fibrosis is critical for designing effective intervention strategies. In this review, we focus on the role of and mechanisms underlying pancreatic acinar injury in pancreatic fibrosis and their potential clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhong An
- SCUT-QMPH Joint Laboratory for Pancreatic Cancer Research, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, Guangdong 511518, China; Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, The South China University of Technology School of Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Tingting Jiang
- Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, The South China University of Technology School of Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Ling Qi
- SCUT-QMPH Joint Laboratory for Pancreatic Cancer Research, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, Guangdong 511518, China.
| | - Keping Xie
- Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, The South China University of Technology School of Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
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Xie B, Xiong W, Zhang F, Wang N, Luo Y, Chen Y, Cao J, Chen Z, Ma C, Chen H. The miR-103a-3p/TGFBR3 axis regulates TGF-β-induced orbital fibroblast activation and fibrosis in thyroid-eye disease. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2023; 559:111780. [PMID: 36179941 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2022.111780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Molecular pathways that contribute to orbital fibroblast activation during thyroid-eye disease (TED) may promote TED progression. Non-coding RNAs, especially miRNAs, play a critical role in the pathogenesis of TED. In the present study, miR-103a-3p was dramatically upregulated and TGFBR3 was downregulated within TED orbital tissue samples and TGF-β-stimulated TED orbital fibroblasts. miR-103a-3p inhibition in TGF-β-stimulated TED orbital fibroblasts partially abolished TGF-β-induced fibrotic alterations, as manifested by the impaired fibroblast cell viability and decreased vimentin and fibronectin levels. miR-103a-3p directly targeted TGFBR3 in TED orbital samples and TGF-β-stimulated TED orbital fibroblasts. In TGF-β-stimulated TED orbital fibroblasts, TGFBR3 overexpression inhibited fibroblast cell viability and decreased vimentin and fibronectin levels. TGFBR3 overexpression partially attenuated the inhibitory effects of miR-103a-3p overexpression on TGFBR3 expression and the promotive effects of miR-103a-3p overexpression on TGF-β-induced fibrotic alterations. Under TGF-β stimulation, miR-103a-3p overexpression significantly promoted, whereas TGFBR3 overexpression inhibited the phosphorylation of Erk1/2, JNK, Smad2, and Smad3. TGFBR3 overexpression also partially abolished the effects of miR-103a-3p overexpression on Erk1/2, JNK, Smad2, and Smad3 phosphorylation. In conclusion, the miR-103a-3p/TGFBR3 axis regulated TGF-β-induced TED orbital fibroblast activation and fibrosis in TED, with the possible involvement of the Erk/JNK and TGF-β/Smad signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyu Xie
- Department of Ophthalmology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China.
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China.
| | - Nuo Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Yong Luo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Yizhi Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Jiamin Cao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Zhuokun Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Chen Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Haiyan Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
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Chen Z, Xiong H, Shen H, You Q. Autophagy characteristics and establishment of autophagy prognostic models in lung adenocarcinoma and lung squamous cell carcinoma. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266070. [PMID: 35333893 PMCID: PMC8956171 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which makes up the majority of lung cancers, remains one of the deadliest malignancies in the world. It has a poor prognosis due to its late detection and lack of response to chemoradiaiton. Therefore, it is urgent to find a new prognostic marker. Methods We evaluated biological function and immune cell infiltration in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) patients from TCGA and GEO databases between different clusters based on autophagy related hub genes. Autophagy scores were used to assess the degree of autophagy in each individual by using component analysis. Results Three different clusters were obtained. Gene set variation analysis, single-sample gene set enrichment analysis and survive analysis showed differences among these three clusters. We demonstrated that the autophagy score of each patient could predict tumor stage and prognosis. Patients with a high autophagy score had a better prognosis, higher immune infiltration, and were more sensitive to immunotherapy and conventional chemotherapy. Conclusion It was uncovered that autophagy played an irreplaceable role in NSCLC. Quantified autophagy scores for each NSCLC patient would help guide effective treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhubei Chen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Nantong University Medical School, Nantong, China
| | - Hui Xiong
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Nantong University Medical School, Nantong, China
| | - Hao Shen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Nantong University Medical School, Nantong, China
| | - Qingsheng You
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- * E-mail:
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Hagen CM, Roth E, Graf TR, Verrey F, Graf R, Gupta A, Pellegrini G, Poncet N, Camargo SMR. Loss of LAT1 sex-dependently delays recovery after caerulein-induced acute pancreatitis. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:1024-1054. [PMID: 35431492 PMCID: PMC8968515 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i10.1024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The expression of amino acid transporters is known to vary during acute pancreatitis (AP) except for LAT1 (slc7a5), the expression of which remains stable. LAT1 supports cell growth by importing leucine and thereby stimulates mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activity, a phenomenon often observed in cancer cells. The mechanisms by which LAT1 influences physiological and pathophysiological processes and affects disease progression in the pancreas are not yet known.
AIM To evaluate the role of LAT1 in the development of and recovery from AP.
METHODS AP was induced with caerulein (cae) injections in female and male mice expressing LAT1 or after its knockout (LAT1 Cre/LoxP). The development of the initial AP injury and its recovery were followed for seven days after cae injections by daily measuring body weight, assessing microscopical tissue architecture, mRNA and protein expression, protein synthesis, and enzyme activity levels, as well as by testing the recruitment of immune cells by FACS and ELISA.
RESULTS The initial injury, evaluated by measurements of plasma amylase, lipase, and trypsin activity, as well as the gene expression of dedifferentiation markers, did not differ between the groups. However, early metabolic adaptations that support regeneration at later stages were blunted in LAT1 knockout mice. Especially in females, we observed less mTOR reactivation and dysfunctional autophagy. The later regeneration phase was clearly delayed in female LAT1 knockout mice, which did not regain normal expression of the pancreas-specific differentiation markers recombining binding protein suppressor of hairless-like protein (rbpjl) and basic helix-loop-helix family member A15 (mist1). Amylase mRNA and protein levels remained lower, and, strikingly, female LAT1 knockout mice presented signs of fibrosis lasting until day seven. In contrast, pancreas morphology had returned to normal in wild-type littermates.
CONCLUSION LAT1 supports the regeneration of acinar cells after AP. Female mice lacking LAT1 exhibited more pronounced alterations than male mice, indicating a sexual dimorphism of amino acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina M Hagen
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich 8057, ZH, Switzerland
| | - Eva Roth
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich 8057, ZH, Switzerland
| | - Theresia Reding Graf
- Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Center, Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Zurich University Hospital, Zurich 8091, ZH, Switzerland
| | - François Verrey
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich 8057, ZH, Switzerland
| | - Rolf Graf
- Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Center, Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Zurich University Hospital, Zurich 8091, ZH, Switzerland
| | - Anurag Gupta
- Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Center, Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Zurich University Hospital, Zurich 8091, ZH, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni Pellegrini
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, University of Zurich, Zurich 8057, ZH, Switzerland
| | - Nadège Poncet
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich 8057, ZH, Switzerland
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Rodríguez-Castelán J, Delgado-González E, Varela-Floriano V, Anguiano B, Aceves C. Molecular Iodine Supplement Prevents Streptozotocin-Induced Pancreatic Alterations in Mice. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030715. [PMID: 35277074 PMCID: PMC8840345 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatitis has been implicated in the development and progression of type 2 diabetes and cancer. The pancreas uptakes molecular iodine (I2), which has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. The present work analyzes whether oral I2 supplementation prevents the pancreatic alterations promoted by low doses of streptozotocin (STZ). CD1 mice (12 weeks old) were divided into the following groups: control; STZ (20 mg/kg/day, i.p. for five days); I2 (0.2 mg/Kg/day in drinking water for 15 days); and combined (STZ + I2). Inflammation (Masson’s trichrome and periodic acid–Schiff stain), hyperglycemia, decreased β-cells and increased α-cells in pancreas were observed in male and female animals with STZ. These animals also showed pancreatic increases in immune cells and inflammation markers as tumor necrosis factor-alpha, transforming growth factor-beta and inducible nitric oxide synthase with a higher amount of activated pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs). The I2 supplement prevented the harmful effect of STZ, maintaining normal pancreatic morphometry and functions. The elevation of the nuclear factor erythroid-2 (Nrf2) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor type gamma (PPARγ) contents was associated with the preservation of normal glycemia and lipoperoxidation. In conclusion, a moderated supplement of I2 prevents the deleterious effects of STZ in the pancreas, possibly through antioxidant and antifibrotic mechanisms including Nrf2 and PPARγ activation.
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Hrabák P, Kalousová M, Krechler T, Zima T. Pancreatic stellate cells - rising stars in pancreatic pathologies. Physiol Res 2021. [DOI: 10.33549//physiolres.934783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) receive growing interest in past decades. Two types of PSCs are recognized –vitamin A accumulating quiescent PSCs and activated PSCs- the main producents of extracellular matrix in pancreatic tissue. PSCs plays important role in pathogenesis of pancreatic fibrosis in pancreatic cancer and chronic pancreatitis. PSCs are intensively studied as potential therapeutical target because of their important role in developing desmoplastic stroma in pancreatic cancer. There also exists evidence that PSC are involved in other pathologies like type-2 diabetes mellitus. This article brings brief characteristics of PSCs and recent advances in research of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M Kalousová
- 2Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic.
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Muzio G, Barrera G, Pizzimenti S. Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPARs) and Oxidative Stress in Physiological Conditions and in Cancer. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10111734. [PMID: 34829605 PMCID: PMC8614822 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) belong to the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily. Originally described as “orphan nuclear receptors”, they can bind both natural and synthetic ligands acting as agonists or antagonists. In humans three subtypes, PPARα, β/δ, γ, are encoded by different genes, show tissue-specific expression patterns, and contribute to the regulation of lipid and carbohydrate metabolisms, of different cell functions, including proliferation, death, differentiation, and of processes, as inflammation, angiogenesis, immune response. The PPAR ability in increasing the expression of various antioxidant genes and decreasing the synthesis of pro-inflammatory mediators, makes them be considered among the most important regulators of the cellular response to oxidative stress conditions. Based on the multiplicity of physiological effects, PPAR involvement in cancer development and progression has attracted great scientific interest with the aim to describe changes occurring in their expression in cancer cells, and to investigate the correlation with some characteristics of cancer phenotype, including increased proliferation, decreased susceptibility to apoptosis, malignancy degree and onset of resistance to anticancer drugs. This review focuses on mechanisms underlying the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of PPARs in physiological conditions, and on the reported beneficial effects of PPAR activation in cancer.
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