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Gao S, Gao T, Li L, Wang S, Hu J, Zhang R, Zhou Y, Dong H. Exploring the therapeutic potential of garlic in alcoholic liver disease: a network pharmacology and experimental validation study. GENES & NUTRITION 2024; 19:13. [PMID: 39044161 PMCID: PMC11267778 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-024-00748-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Employing network pharmacology and molecular docking, the study predicts the active compounds in garlic and elucidates their mechanism in inhibiting the development of alcoholic liver disease (ALD). ALD is a global chronic liver disease with potential for hepatocellular carcinoma progression. METHODS The main active ingredients and targets of garlic were identified through screening the TCMSP, TCM-ID, and ETCM databases. ALD disease targets were sourced from DisGeNET, GeneCards, and DiGSeE databases, and intervention targets for garlic were determined through intersections. Protein interaction networks were constructed using the STRING platform, and GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses were performed with R software. The garlic component-disease-target network was established using Cytoscape software. Validation of active ingredients against core targets was conducted through molecular docking simulations using AutoDock Vina software. Expression validation of core targets was carried out using human sequencing data of ALD obtained from the GEO database. RESULTS Integration of garlic drug targets with ALD disease targets identified 83 target genes. Validation through an alcohol-induced ALD mouse model supported certain network pharmacology findings, suggesting that garlic may impede disease progression by mitigating the inflammatory response and promoting ethanol metabolism. CONCLUSION This study provides insights into the potential therapeutic mechanisms of garlic in inhibiting ALD development. The identified active ingredients offer promising avenues for further investigation and development of treatments for ALD, emphasizing the importance of botanical remedies in liver disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Gao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Tingting Gao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Lizheng Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Shule Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jie Hu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ruijing Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yun Zhou
- Shanxi Province Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine Hospital, Taiyuan, China.
| | - Honglin Dong
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.
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Atteia HH. A combination of silymarin and garlic extract enhances thyroid hormone activation and body metabolism in orally intoxicated male rats with atrazine: Impact on hepatic iodothyronine deiodinase type 1. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 199:105801. [PMID: 38458692 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.105801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Atrazine is a widely applied herbicide to improve crop yield and maintain general health. It has been reported to impair thyroid function and architecture in experimental animals. Alterations in thyroid hormones disrupt normal body function and metabolism. Silymarin, a hepatoprotective flavonolignan, was found to improve thyroid function and body metabolism. Additionally, garlic displays several protective effects on body organs. Therefore, this study explored the prophylactic impact of natural compounds comprising silymarin and garlic extract on disrupted thyroid function, hepatic iodothyronine deiodinase type 1, and metabolic parameters in atrazine-intoxicated male rats. We found that daily pre- and co-treatment of atrazine-intoxicated male rats with silymarin (100 mg/kg, p.o) and/or garlic extract (10 mg/kg, p.o) significantly improved thyroid activation and hepatic functionality as evidenced by the re-establishment of T3, T3/T4, and TSH values as well as ALT and AST activities. Interestingly, individual or concurrent supplementation of the atrazine group with silymarin and garlic extract prevented the down-regulation in hepatic iodothyronine deiodinase type 1. These effects were coupled with the repletion of serum and hepatic antioxidants and the amelioration of lipid peroxidation. In addition, current natural products markedly alleviated weight gain, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, glucose intolerance, and insulin resistance. Notably, a cocktail of silymarin and garlic extract exerted superior protection against atrazine-triggered deterioration of thyroid, hepatic, and metabolic functioning to individual treatments. Present findings pinpoint the prophylactic and synergistic influence of silymarin and garlic extract combinatorial regimen on thyroid activation and body metabolism via enhancing antioxidant potential, maintaining hepatic function, and iodothyronine deiodinase type 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hebatallah Husseini Atteia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, 44519 Zagazig, Sharkia Gov., Egypt.
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Avendaño-Ortiz J, Redondo-Calvo FJ, Lozano-Rodríguez R, Terrón-Arcos V, Bergón-Gutiérrez M, Rodríguez-Jiménez C, Rodríguez JF, del Campo R, Gómez LA, Bejarano-Ramírez N, Pérez-Ortiz JM, López-Collazo E. Thiosulfinate-Enriched Allium sativum Extract Exhibits Differential Effects between Healthy and Sepsis Patients: The Implication of HIF-1α. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076234. [PMID: 37047205 PMCID: PMC10094690 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Garlic (Allium sativum) has historically been associated with antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and microbiocidal properties, mainly due to its richness in thiosulfates and sulfur-containing phytoconstituents. Sepsis patients could benefit from these properties because it involves both inflammatory and refractory processes. We evaluated the effects of thiosulfinate-enriched Allium sativum extract (TASE) on the immune response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) by monocytes from healthy volunteers (HVs) and patients with sepsis. We also explored the TASE effects in HIF-1α, described as the key transcription factor leading to endotoxin tolerance in sepsis monocytes through IRAK-M expression. Our results showed TASE reduced the LPS-triggered reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in monocytes from both patients with sepsis and HVs. Moreover, this extract significantly reduced tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6 production in LPS-stimulated monocytes from HVs. However, TASE enhanced the inflammatory response in monocytes from patients with sepsis along with increased expression of human leukocyte antigen-DR. Curiously, these dual effects of TASE on immune response were also found when the HV cohort was divided into low- and high-LPS responders. Although TASE enhanced TNFα production in the LPS-low responders, it decreased the inflammatory response in the LPS-high responders. Furthermore, TASE decreased the HIF-1α pathway-associated genes IRAK-M, VEGFA and PD-L1 in sepsis cells, suggesting HIF-1α inhibition by TASE leads to higher cytokine production in these cells as a consequence of IRAK-M downregulation. The suppression of this pathway by TASE was confirmed in vitro with the prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor dimethyloxalylglycine. Our data revealed TASE’s dual effect on monocyte response according to status/phenotype and suggested the HIF-1α suppression as the possible underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Avendaño-Ortiz
- Department of Microbiology, University Hospital Ramón y Cajal and Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (J.A.-O.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Redondo-Calvo
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University General Hospital, 13004 Ciudad Real, Spain;
- Translational Research Unit, University General Hospital and Research Institute of Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Roberto Lozano-Rodríguez
- The Innate Immune Response Group, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (R.L.-R.); (V.T.-A.)
- Tumor Immunology Laboratory, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Verónica Terrón-Arcos
- The Innate Immune Response Group, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (R.L.-R.); (V.T.-A.)
| | - Marta Bergón-Gutiérrez
- The Innate Immune Response Group, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (R.L.-R.); (V.T.-A.)
| | - Concepción Rodríguez-Jiménez
- Department of Microbiology, University Hospital Ramón y Cajal and Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (J.A.-O.)
| | - Juan Francisco Rodríguez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical and Environmental Technology, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; (J.F.R.)
| | - Rosa del Campo
- Department of Microbiology, University Hospital Ramón y Cajal and Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (J.A.-O.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Antonio Gómez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical and Environmental Technology, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; (J.F.R.)
| | - Natalia Bejarano-Ramírez
- Translational Research Unit, University General Hospital and Research Institute of Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, University General Hospital, 13004 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - José Manuel Pérez-Ortiz
- Translational Research Unit, University General Hospital and Research Institute of Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.M.P.-O.); (E.L.-C.)
| | - Eduardo López-Collazo
- The Innate Immune Response Group, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (R.L.-R.); (V.T.-A.)
- Tumor Immunology Laboratory, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.M.P.-O.); (E.L.-C.)
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Mousa AM, Soliman KEA, Alhumaydhi FA, Almatroudi A, Allemailem KS, Alsahli MA, Alrumaihi F, Aljasir M, Alwashmi ASS, Ahmed AA, Khan A, Al-Regaiey KA, AlSuhaymi N, Alsugoor MH, Aljarbou WA, Elsayed AM. Could allicin alleviate trastuzumab-induced cardiotoxicity in a rat model through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antihyperlipidemic properties? Life Sci 2022; 302:120656. [PMID: 35605695 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Although trastuzumab (TZB)-induced cardiotoxicity is well documented and allicin (one of the main active garlic ingredients) has ameliorating effects against numerous causes of toxicities; however, the influence of allicin on TZB-induced cardiotoxicity has not been investigated yet. Therefore, the current work explored the potential cardioprotective structural, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms of allicin against TZB-induced cardiotoxicity in a rat's model. METHODS Forty rats were divided into four equal groups and treated for five weeks. The control group (G1) received PBS, the allicin group (G2) received allicin (9 mg/kg/day), the TZB group (G3) received TZB (6 mg/kg/week), and the allicin+TZB group (G4) received 9 mg of allicin/kg/day +6 mg of TZB/kg/week. Heart specimens and blood samples were processed for histopathological, immunohistochemical, biochemical, and molecular investigations to determine the extent of cardiac injury in all groups. KEY FINDINGS The myocardium of G3 revealed significant increases in the numbers of inflammatory and apoptotic cells and the area percentage of collagen fibers and TNF-α immunoexpression compared with G1 and G2. Besides, qRT-PCR analysis exhibited significant reductions of SOD3, GPX1, and CAT expressions with significant increases in TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6, cTnI, cTnT, and LDH expressions. Additionally, flow cytometry analysis demonstrated a significant elevation in the apoptotic and ROS levels. In contrast, allicin+TZB cotherapy in G4 ameliorated all previous changes compared with G3. SIGNIFICANCE The current study proves that allicin could be used as a novel supplementary cardioprotective therapy to avoid TZB-induced cardiotoxicity via its anti-inflammatory, antifibrotic, antioxidant, antihyperlipidemic, and antiapoptotic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman M Mousa
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia; Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha 13518, Egypt.
| | - Khaled E A Soliman
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Unaizah 51452, Saudi Arabia; Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt.
| | - Fahad A Alhumaydhi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ahmad Almatroudi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Khaled S Allemailem
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammed A Alsahli
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Faris Alrumaihi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammad Aljasir
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ameen S S Alwashmi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ahmed A Ahmed
- Research Center, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Arif Khan
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid A Al-Regaiey
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Naif AlSuhaymi
- Department of Emergency Medical Services, Faculty of Health Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, AlQunfudah, Makkah 21912, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mahdi H Alsugoor
- Department of Emergency Medical Services, Faculty of Health Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, AlQunfudah, Makkah 21912, Saudi Arabia.
| | | | - Abulmaaty M Elsayed
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Mutah University, Mutah, Jordan; Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha 13518, Egypt.
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