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Parker W, Jirků K, Patel E, Williamson L, Anderson L, Laman JD. Reevaluating Biota Alteration: Reframing Environmental Influences on Chronic Immune Disorders and Exploring Novel Therapeutic Opportunities. THE YALE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2024; 97:253-263. [PMID: 38947109 PMCID: PMC11202117 DOI: 10.59249/vunf1315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Environmental mismatches are defined as changes in the environment that induce public health crises. Well known mismatches leading to chronic disease include the availability of technologies that facilitate unhealthy diets and sedentary lifestyles, both factors that adversely affect cardiovascular health. This commentary puts these mismatches in context with biota alteration, an environmental mismatch involving hygiene-related technologies necessary for avoidance of infectious disease. Implementation of hygiene-related technologies causes a loss of symbiotic helminths and protists, profoundly affecting immune function and facilitating a variety of chronic conditions, including allergic disorders, autoimmune diseases, and several inflammation-associated neuropsychiatric conditions. Unfortunately, despite an established understanding of the biology underpinning this and other environmental mismatches, public health agencies have failed to stem the resulting tide of increased chronic disease burden. Both biomedical research and clinical practice continue to focus on an ineffective and reactive pharmaceutical-based paradigm. It is argued that the healthcare of the future could take into account the biology of today, effectively and proactively dealing with environmental mismatch and the resulting chronic disease burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Parker
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University
of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- WPLab, Inc., Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kateřina Jirků
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech
Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | | | - Lauren Williamson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Kentucky
University, Highland Heights, KY, USA
| | | | - Jon D. Laman
- Department of Pathology & Medical Biology,
University Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The
Netherlands
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2
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Song X, Liang J, Lin S, Xie Y, Ke C, Ao D, Lu J, Chen X, He Y, Liu X, Li W. Gut-lung axis and asthma: A historical review on mechanism and future perspective. Clin Transl Allergy 2024; 14:e12356. [PMID: 38687096 PMCID: PMC11060082 DOI: 10.1002/clt2.12356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gut microbiota are closely related to the development and regulation of the host immune system by regulating the maturation of immune cells and the resistance to pathogens, which affects the host immunity. Early use of antibiotics disrupts the homeostasis of gut microbiota and increases the risk of asthma. Gut microbiota actively interact with the host immune system via the gut-lung axis, a bidirectional communication pathway between the gut and lung. The manipulation of gut microbiota through probiotics, helminth therapy, and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) to combat asthma has become a hot research topic. BODY: This review mainly describes the current immune pathogenesis of asthma, gut microbiota and the role of the gut-lung axis in asthma. Moreover, the potential of manipulating the gut microbiota and its metabolites as a treatment strategy for asthma has been discussed. CONCLUSION The gut-lung axis has a bidirectional effect on asthma. Gut microecology imbalance contributes to asthma through bacterial structural components and metabolites. Asthma, in turn, can also cause intestinal damage through inflammation throughout the body. The manipulation of gut microbiota through probiotics, helminth therapy, and FMT can inform the treatment strategies for asthma by regulating the maturation of immune cells and the resistance to pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu‐Ling Song
- Department of PediatricsAffiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical UniversityZhanjiangChina
| | - Juan Liang
- Department of PediatricsAffiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical UniversityZhanjiangChina
| | - Shao‐Zhu Lin
- Department of PediatricsAffiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical UniversityZhanjiangChina
| | - Yu‐Wei Xie
- Department of PediatricsAffiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical UniversityZhanjiangChina
| | - Chuang‐Hong Ke
- Department of PediatricsAffiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical UniversityZhanjiangChina
| | - Dang Ao
- Department of PediatricsAffiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical UniversityZhanjiangChina
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of PediatricsAffiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical UniversityZhanjiangChina
| | - Xue‐Mei Chen
- Department of PediatricsAffiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical UniversityZhanjiangChina
| | - Ying‐Zhi He
- Department of PediatricsAffiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical UniversityZhanjiangChina
| | - Xiao‐Hua Liu
- Department of PediatricsAffiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical UniversityZhanjiangChina
| | - Wen Li
- Department of PediatricsAffiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical UniversityZhanjiangChina
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3
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Shi W, Xu Q, Liu Y, Hao Z, Liang Y, Vallée I, You X, Liu M, Liu X, Xu N. Immunosuppressive Ability of Trichinella spiralis Adults Can Ameliorate Type 2 Inflammation in a Murine Allergy Model. J Infect Dis 2024; 229:1215-1228. [PMID: 38016013 PMCID: PMC11011206 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is an increase in the global incidence of allergies. The hygiene hypothesis and the old friend hypothesis reveal that helminths are associated with the prevalence of allergic diseases. The therapeutic potential of Trichinella spiralis is recognized; however, the stage at which it exerts its immunomodulatory effect is unclear. METHODS We evaluated the differentiation of bone marrow-derived macrophages stimulated with T spiralis excretory-secretory products. Based on an ovalbumin-induced murine model, T spiralis was introduced during 3 allergy phases. Cytokine levels and immune cell subsets in the lung, spleen, and peritoneal cavity were assessed. RESULTS We found that T spiralis infection reduced lung inflammation, increased anti-inflammatory cytokines, and decreased Th2 cytokines and alarms. Recruitment of eosinophils, CD11b+ dendritic cells, and interstitial macrophages to the lung was significantly suppressed, whereas Treg cells and alternatively activated macrophages increased in T spiralis infection groups vs the ovalbumin group. Notably, when T spiralis was infected prior to ovalbumin challenge, intestinal adults promoted proportions of CD103+ dendritic cells and alveolar macrophages. CONCLUSIONS T spiralis strongly suppressed type 2 inflammation, and adults maintained lung immune homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun
| | - Qinwei Xu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Qingdao
| | - Yan Liu
- College of Public Health, Jilin Medical University, China
| | - Zhili Hao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun
| | - Yue Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun
| | - Isabelle Vallée
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Biologie moléculaire et Immunologie Parasitaire, Anses, Institut national de recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Xihuo You
- Beijing Agrichina Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Mingyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun
| | - Xiaolei Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun
| | - Ning Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun
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4
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Brazzelli V, Bobbio Pallavicini F, Maggi P, Chętko Ł, Isoletta E, Di Giuli N, Bonelli A, Fornaroli V. A multidisciplinary dermatology-gastroenterology-rheumatology (DER.RE.GA) unit for the care of patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases: analysis of the first 5 years from the dermatologist's perspective. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1290018. [PMID: 38098849 PMCID: PMC10720650 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1290018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) constitute a heterogenous group of chronic and highly disabling conditions. The clinical challenges they often pose led to formation of numerous dermo-rheumatological interdisciplinary units around the world, which are reported to benefit their patients in various ways. The present paper describes our experience with a multidisciplinary dermatology-rheumatology-gastroenterology unit DERREGA at the IRCCS Foundation Policlinico San Matteo of Pavia over a period of 5 years of its activity (2017-2022). A digital database was created, containing the medical records of 146 patients referred to the dermatology unit only by rheumatologists or gastroenterologists belonging to the multidisciplinary unit DERREGA. Then, aspects such as demographics, initial basis of referral and final diagnosis among the patients were analyzed retrospectively. Patients were classified as either gastroenterological or rheumatological, and then categorized according to the specific basis of referral. Most of the gastroenterological patients (97%) were affected by inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). Rheumatological patients were divided in three subgroups, including patients referred with vasculitis, arthropathies (undifferentiated arthritis, psoriatic arthritis and other arthritis) and other rheumatological diseases. Then, final diagnoses were evaluated in each group. Almost a third of IBD patients received a diagnosis of paradoxical psoriasis. Dermatological examination allowed diagnosis of minimal psoriasis based on Caspar criteria in over 70% of the patients admitted with undifferentiated arthritis. A multidisciplinary approach is suggested to provide more effective management of IMIDs and, specifically, from a dermatological perspective, allows for the diagnosis of minimal manifestations of psoriasis in patients with a provisional diagnosis of undifferentiated arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Brazzelli
- Institute of Dermatology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, Institute of Dermatology, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Maggi
- Institute of Dermatology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Łukasz Chętko
- Institute of Dermatology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
- Student Scientific Research Club of Experimental, Clinical and Procedural Dermatology, Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland
| | - Eugenio Isoletta
- Institute of Dermatology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Nicolò Di Giuli
- Institute of Dermatology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alice Bonelli
- Institute of Dermatology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Valentina Fornaroli
- Rheumatology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, Pavia, Italy
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Thammasonthijarern N, Boonnak K, Reamtong O, Krasae T, Thankansakul J, Phongphaew W, Ampawong S, Adisakwattana P. Amelioration of ovalbumin-induced lung inflammation in a mouse model by Trichinella spiralis novel cystatin. Vet World 2023; 16:2366-2373. [PMID: 38152266 PMCID: PMC10750734 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.2366-2373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Asthma, a chronic disease affecting humans and animals, has recently become increasingly prevalent and steadily widespread. The alternative treatment of asthma using helminth infections or helminth-derived immunomodulatory molecules (IMs) has been evaluated and demonstrated significant amelioration of disease severity index in vitro and in vivo. Trichinella spiralis, a parasitic nematode and its IMs, elicits a potential to relieve asthma and other immune-related disorders. In this study, we investigated the immunomodulatory function of recombinant T. spiralis novel cystatin (rTsCstN) in ameliorating acute inflammatory asthma disorders in a murine model. Materials and Methods Female BALB/c mice were sensitized using intraperitoneal injection of ovalbumin (OVA)/alum and subsequently challenged with intranasal administration of OVA alone or OVA + rTsCstN for 3 consecutive days, producing OVA-induced allergic asthma models. To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of rTsCstN, the inflammatory cells and cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and OVA-specific immunoglobulin E levels in serum were assessed. Histological alterations in the lung tissues were determined by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and eventually scored for the extent of inflammatory cell infiltration. Results The asthmatic mouse models challenged with OVA + rTsCstN demonstrated a significant reduction of eosinophils (p < 0.01), macrophages (p < 0.05), and cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α (p < 0.05) and interferon (IFN)-γ (p < 0.05) in BALF when compared with the mice challenged with OVA alone. However, the levels of interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-10 remained unchanged. Histological examination revealed that mice administered OVA + rTsCstN were less likely to have inflammatory cell infiltration in their perivascular and peribronchial lung tissues than those administered OVA alone. Conclusion Recombinant T. spiralis novel cystatin demonstrated immunomodulatory effects to reduce severe pathogenic alterations in asthma mouse models, encouraging a viable alternative treatment for asthma and other immunoregulatory disorders in humans and animals in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nipa Thammasonthijarern
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kobporn Boonnak
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Onrapak Reamtong
- Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thanyaluk Krasae
- Laboratory Animal Science Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Janyaporn Thankansakul
- Kasetsart University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wallaya Phongphaew
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sumate Ampawong
- Department of Tropical Pathology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Poom Adisakwattana
- Department of Helminthology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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6
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Jaswal K, Todd OA, Behnsen J. Neglected gut microbiome: interactions of the non-bacterial gut microbiota with enteric pathogens. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2226916. [PMID: 37365731 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2226916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A diverse array of commensal microorganisms inhabits the human intestinal tract. The most abundant and most studied members of this microbial community are undoubtedly bacteria. Their important role in gut physiology, defense against pathogens, and immune system education has been well documented over the last decades. However, the gut microbiome is not restricted to bacteria. It encompasses the entire breadth of microbial life: viruses, archaea, fungi, protists, and parasitic worms can also be found in the gut. While less studied than bacteria, their divergent but important roles during health and disease have become increasingly more appreciated. This review focuses on these understudied members of the gut microbiome. We will detail the composition and development of these microbial communities and will specifically highlight their functional interactions with enteric pathogens, such as species of the family Enterobacteriaceae. The interactions can be direct through physical interactions, or indirect through secreted metabolites or modulation of the immune response. We will present general concepts and specific examples of how non-bacterial gut communities modulate bacterial pathogenesis and present an outlook for future gut microbiome research that includes these communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanchan Jaswal
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Olivia A Todd
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Judith Behnsen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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7
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Yang Y, Ding X, Chen F, Wu X, Chen Y, Zhang Q, Cao J, Wang J, Dai Y. Inhibition Effects of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis and Its Derivatives against Atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- Mice through Anti-Inflammatory Response. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11101208. [PMID: 36297265 PMCID: PMC9610917 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11101208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a dominant and growing cause of death and disability worldwide that involves inflammation from its inception to the emergence of complications. Studies have demonstrated that intervention with helminth infections or derived products could modulate the host immune response and effectively prevent or mitigate the onset and progression of inflammation-related diseases. Therefore, to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of atherosclerosis, we intervened in ApoE-/- mice maintained on a high-fat diet with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (N. brasiliensis) infection and immunized with its derived products. We found that N. brasiliensis infection and its derived proteins had suitable protective effects both in the initial and progressive stages of atherosclerosis, effectively reducing aortic arch plaque areas and liver lipid contents and downregulating serum LDL levels, which may be associated with the significant upregulation of serum anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10 and IL-4) and the down-regulation of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IFN-γ) in the serum. In conclusion, these data highlighted the effective regulatory role of N. brasiliensis and its derived proteins in the development and progression of atherosclerosis. This could provide a promising new avenue for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yougui Yang
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- Key Laboratory of National Health Commission on Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Province on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi 214064, China
| | - Xin Ding
- Key Laboratory of National Health Commission on Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Province on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi 214064, China
| | - Fuzhong Chen
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Xiaomin Wu
- Key Laboratory of National Health Commission on Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Province on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi 214064, China
- Microbiological Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Yuying Chen
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- Key Laboratory of National Health Commission on Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Province on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi 214064, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of National Health Commission on Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Province on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi 214064, China
| | - Jun Cao
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- Key Laboratory of National Health Commission on Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Province on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi 214064, China
| | - Junhong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
- Correspondence: (J.W.); (Y.D.)
| | - Yang Dai
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- Key Laboratory of National Health Commission on Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Province on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi 214064, China
- Correspondence: (J.W.); (Y.D.)
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8
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Hou X, Zhu F, Zheng W, Jacques ML, Huang J, Guan F, Lei J. Protective effect of Schistosoma japonicum eggs on TNBS-induced colitis is associated with regulating Treg/Th17 balance and reprogramming glycolipid metabolism in mice. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1028899. [PMID: 36304936 PMCID: PMC9592807 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1028899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) have been classified as modern refractory diseases. However, safe, well-tolerated, and effective treatments for IBDs are still lacking. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop novel therapeutic targets with fewer undesirable adverse reactions. A growing body of research has shown that infection with live helminths or exposure to defined helminth-derived components can downregulate pathogenic inflammation due to their immunoregulatory ability. Here we were to explore the protective role of Schistosoma japonicum eggs on murine experimental colitis caused by trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) and the underlying mechanism. Frequencies of splenic Treg and Th17 cells were detected by flow cytometry. Protein and mRNA expressions of Foxp3 and RORγt were investigated by Western Blot and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), respectively. Concentrations of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1), interleukin-10 (IL-10) and IL-17A were assessed with ELISA. Expression levels of genes related to glycolipid metabolism were measured with qPCR. The results showed that pre-exposure to S. japonicum eggs contributed to the relief of colitis in the TNBS model, evidenced by improved body weight loss, reversing spleen enlargement and colon shortening, and decreased histology scores. Compared with the TNBS group, the TNBS+Egg group had increased Treg immune response, accompanied by decreased Th17 immune response, leading to the reconstruction of Treg/Th17 balance. In addition, a ratio of Treg/Th17 was correlated negatively with the histological scores in the experiment groups. Furthermore, the regulation of Treg/Th17 balance by S. japonicum eggs was associated with inhibiting the glycolysis pathway and lipogenesis, along with promoting fatty acid oxidation in the TNBS+Egg group. These data indicate that S. japonicum eggs have a protective effect against TNBS-induced colitis, which is related to restoring Treg/Th17 balance and regulating glucose and lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Hou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The General Hospital of Central Theater Command, The People's Liberation Army, Wuhan, China
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Feifan Zhu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenwen Zheng
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Muziazia Lupemba Jacques
- Department of Parasitology, Kinshasa Institute of Medical, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Jin Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wuhan Pu’ai Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Fei Guan
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiahui Lei
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Jiahui Lei,
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9
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Liu X, Jiang Y, Ye J, Wang X. Helminth infection and helminth-derived products: A novel therapeutic option for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Front Immunol 2022; 13:999412. [PMID: 36263053 PMCID: PMC9573989 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.999412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is closely related to obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome (MetS), and it has become the most common chronic liver disease. Helminths have co-evolved with humans, inducing multiple immunomodulatory mechanisms to modulate the host’s immune system. By using their immunomodulatory ability, helminths and their products exhibit protection against various autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, including obesity, diabetes, and MetS, which are closely associated with NAFLD. Here, we review the pathogenesis of NAFLD from abnormal glycolipid metabolism, inflammation, and gut dysbiosis. Correspondingly, helminths and their products can treat or relieve these NAFLD-related diseases, including obesity, diabetes, and MetS, by promoting glycolipid metabolism homeostasis, regulating inflammation, and restoring the balance of gut microbiota. Considering that a large number of clinical trials have been carried out on helminths and their products for the treatment of inflammatory diseases with promising results, the treatment of NAFLD and obesity-related diseases by helminths is also a novel direction and strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Liu
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yuyun Jiang
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jixian Ye
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Institute of Digestive Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- *Correspondence: Xuefeng Wang,
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10
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Xie X, Wu Z, Wu Y, Liu J, Chen X, Shi X, Wei C, Li J, Lv J, Li Q, Tang L, He S, Zhan T, Tang Z. Cysteine protease of Clonorchis sinensis alleviates DSS-induced colitis in mice. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010774. [PMID: 36084127 PMCID: PMC9491586 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
Currently, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has become a global chronic idiopathic disease with ever-rising morbidity and prevalence. Accumulating evidence supports the IBD-hygiene hypothesis that helminths and their derivatives have potential therapeutic value for IBD. Clonorchis sinensis (C. sinensis) mainly elicit Th2/Treg-dominated immune responses to maintain long-term parasitism in the host. This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of cysteine protease (CsCP) and adult crude antigen (CsCA) of C. sinensis, and C. sinensis (Cs) infection on DSS-induced colitis mice.
Methods
BALB/c mice were given 5% DSS daily for 7 days to induce colitis. During this period, mice were treated with rCsCP, CsCA or dexamethasone (DXM) every day, or Cs infection which was established in advance. Changes in body weight, disease activity index (DAI), colon lengths, macroscopic scores, histopathological findings, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity levels, regulatory T cell (Treg) subset levels, colon gene expression levels, serum cytokine levels, and biochemical indexes were measured.
Results
Compared with Cs infection, rCsCP and CsCA alleviated the disease activity of acute colitis more significant without causing abnormal blood biochemical indexes. In comparison, rCsCP was superior to CsCA in attenuating colonic pathological symptoms, enhancing the proportion of Treg cells in spleens and mesenteric lymph nodes, and improving the secretion of inflammatory-related cytokines (e.g., IL-2, IL-4, IL-10 and IL-13) in serum. Combined with RNA-seq data, it was revealed that CsCA might up-regulate the genes related to C-type lectin receptor and intestinal mucosal repair related signal pathways (e.g., Cd209d, F13a1 and Cckbr) to reduce colon inflammation and benefit intestinal mucosal repair. Dissimilarly, rCsCP ameliorated colitis mainly through stimulating innate immunity, such as Toll like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway, down-regulating the expression of inflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-12b, IL-23r and IL-7), thereby restraining the differentiation of Th1/Th17 cells.
Conclusions
Both rCsCP and CsCA showed good therapeutic effects on the treatment of acute colitis, but rCsCP is a better choice. rCsCP is a safe, effective, readily available and promising therapeutic agent against IBD mainly by activating innate immunity and regulating the IL-12/IL-23r axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Xie
- School of Pre-clinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhanshuai Wu
- Department of Immunology, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- GuangXi Medical Transformational Key Laboratory of Combine Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine and High Incidence of Infectious Diseases, Nanning, China
| | - Yuhong Wu
- School of Pre-clinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Pre-clinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jing Liu
- School of Pre-clinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xinyuan Chen
- School of Pre-clinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaoqian Shi
- School of Pre-clinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Caiheng Wei
- School of Pre-clinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jiasheng Li
- School of Pre-clinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jiahui Lv
- School of Pre-clinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Department of Parasitology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Pre-clinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Lili Tang
- Department of Parasitology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Shanshan He
- Department of Parasitology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Tingzheng Zhan
- Department of Parasitology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- * E-mail: (TZ); (ZT)
| | - Zeli Tang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Pre-clinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- * E-mail: (TZ); (ZT)
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11
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Jo YR, Park HT, Yu HS, Kong HH. Trichinella Infection Ameliorated Vincristine-Induced Neuroinflammation in Mice. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2022; 60:247-254. [PMID: 36041486 PMCID: PMC9441445 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2022.60.4.247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Vincristine (VCR) is a chemotherapeutic agent widely used in treatment of malignancies. However, VCR has a limitation in use since it commonly causes a painful neuropathy (VCR-induced peripheral neuropathy, VIPN). Inflammatory cytokines secreted by immune cells such as macrophages can exacerbate allodynia and hyperalgesia, because inhibiting the inflammatory response is a treatment target for VIPN. In this study, we investigated whether Trichinella spiralis, a widely studied helminth for its immunomodulatory abilities, can alleviate VCR-induced allodynia. Von Frey test showed that T. spiralis infection improved mechanical allodynia at 10 days after VCR injection. We further observed whether the difference was due to mitigated axon degeneration, but no significant difference between the groups in axonal degeneration in sciatic nerves and intra-epidermal nerve fibers was found. Conversely, we observed that number of infiltrated macrophages was decreased in the sciatic nerves of the T. spiralis infected mice. Moreover, treatment of T. spiralis excretory-secretory products caused peritoneal macrophages to secrete decreased level of IL-1β. This study suggests that T. spiralis can relieve VCR-induced mechanical allodynia by suppressing neuroinflammation and that application of controllable degree of helminth may prove beneficial for VIPN treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Rae Jo
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Center, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan 49201, Korea
| | - Hwan Tae Park
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Center, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan 49201, Korea
| | - Hak Sun Yu
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Hyun-Hee Kong
- Department of Parasitology, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan 49201, Korea
- Corresponding author ()
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12
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Bhoj P, Togre N, Khatri V, Goswami K. Harnessing Immune Evasion Strategy of Lymphatic Filariae: A Therapeutic Approach against Inflammatory and Infective Pathology. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10081235. [PMID: 36016123 PMCID: PMC9415972 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10081235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Human lymphatic filariae have evolved numerous immune evasion strategies to secure their long-term survival in a host. These strategies include regulation of pattern recognition receptors, mimicry with host glycans and immune molecules, manipulation of innate and adaptive immune cells, induction of apoptosis in effector immune cells, and neutralization of free radicals. This creates an anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory milieu in the host: a modified Th2 immune response. Therefore, targeting filarial immunomodulators and manipulating the filariae-driven immune system against the filariae can be a potential therapeutic and prophylactic strategy. Filariae-derived immunosuppression can also be exploited to treat other inflammatory diseases and immunopathologic states of parasitic diseases, such as cerebral malaria, and to prevent leishmaniasis. This paper reviews immunomodulatory mechanisms acquired by these filariae for their own survival and their potential application in the development of novel therapeutic approaches against parasitic and inflammatory diseases. Insight into the intricate network of host immune-parasite interactions would aid in the development of effective immune-therapeutic options for both infectious and immune-pathological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Namdev Togre
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
- Correspondence: (N.T.); (K.G.)
| | | | - Kalyan Goswami
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Saguna, Kalyani 741245, India
- Correspondence: (N.T.); (K.G.)
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