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Liu J, Zhou J, You C, Xia H, Gao Y, Liu Y, Gong X. Research progress in the mechanism of acupuncture regulating microglia in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1435082. [PMID: 39145293 PMCID: PMC11321967 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1435082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease in the central nervous system, characterized by memory and cognitive dysfunction. Acupuncture is an effective means to alleviate the symptoms of AD. Recent studies have shown that microglia play an important role in the occurrence and development of AD. Acupuncture can regulate the activity of microglia, inhibit neuroinflammation, regulate phagocytosis, and clear Aβ Pathological products such as plaque can protect nerve cells and improve cognitive function in AD patients. This article summarizes the relationship between microglia and AD, as well as the research progress in the mechanism of acupuncture regulating microglia in the treatment of AD. The mechanism of acupuncture regulating microglia in the treatment of AD is mainly reviewed from two aspects: inhibiting neuroinflammatory activity and regulating phagocytic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Dalian Medical University College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Dalian, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhou
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Chong You
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Dalian Medical University College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Dalian, China
| | - Haonan Xia
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Dalian Medical University College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Dalian, China
| | - Yuling Gao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaoyang Gong
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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Moustafa IM, Ozsahin DU, Mustapha MT, Ahbouch A, Oakley PA, Harrison DE. Utilizing machine learning to predict post-treatment outcomes in chronic non-specific neck pain patients undergoing cervical extension traction. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11781. [PMID: 38783089 PMCID: PMC11116459 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62812-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This study explored the application of machine learning in predicting post-treatment outcomes for chronic neck pain patients undergoing a multimodal program featuring cervical extension traction (CET). Pre-treatment demographic and clinical variables were used to develop predictive models capable of anticipating modifications in cervical lordotic angle (CLA), pain and disability of 570 patients treated between 2014 and 2020. Linear regression models used pre-treatment variables of age, body mass index, CLA, anterior head translation, disability index, pain score, treatment frequency, duration and compliance. These models used the sci-kit-learn machine learning library within Python for implementing linear regression algorithms. The linear regression models demonstrated high precision and accuracy, and effectively explained 30-55% of the variability in post-treatment outcomes, the highest for the CLA. This pioneering study integrates machine learning into spinal rehabilitation. The developed models offer valuable information to customize interventions, set realistic expectations, and optimize treatment strategies based on individual patient characteristics as treated conservatively with rehabilitation programs using CET as part of multimodal care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim M Moustafa
- Department of Physiotherapy, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Neuromusculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Group, RIMHS-Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Dilber Uzun Ozsahin
- Department of Medical Diagnostic Imaging, College of Health Science, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Operational Research Centre in Healthcare, Near East University, TRNC Mersin 10, 99138, Nicosia, Turkey
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mubarak Taiwo Mustapha
- Operational Research Centre in Healthcare, Near East University, TRNC Mersin 10, 99138, Nicosia, Turkey
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Near East University, Nicosia, Mersin 10, Turkey
| | - Amal Ahbouch
- Department of Physiotherapy, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Neuromusculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Group, RIMHS-Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Paul A Oakley
- CBP Nonprofit (a Spine Research Foundation), Eagle, ID, 83616, USA
- Private Practice, Newmarket, ON, L3Y 8Y8, Canada
- Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Deed E Harrison
- CBP Nonprofit (a Spine Research Foundation), Eagle, ID, 83616, USA.
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Nasir A, Afridi OK, Ullah S, Khan H, Bai Q. Mitigation of sciatica injury-induced neuropathic pain through active metabolites derived from medicinal plants. Pharmacol Res 2024; 200:107076. [PMID: 38237646 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Sciatica characterized by irritation, inflammation, and compression of the lower back nerve, is considered one of the most common back ailments globally. Currently, the therapeutic regimens for sciatica are experiencing a paradigm shift from the conventional pharmacological approach toward exploring potent phytochemicals from medicinal plants. There is a dire need to identify novel phytochemicals with anti-neuropathic potential. This review aimed to identify the potent phytochemicals from diverse medicinal plants capable of alleviating neuropathic pain associated with sciatica. This review describes the pathophysiology of sciatic nerve pain, its cellular mechanisms, and the pharmacological potential of various plants and phytochemicals using animal-based models of sciatic nerve injury-induced pain. Extensive searches across databases such as Medline, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar were conducted. The findings highlights 39 families including Lamiaceae, Asteraceae, Fabaceae, and Apocyanaceae and Cucurbitaceae, effectively treating sciatic nerve injury-induced pain. Flavonoids made up 53% constituents, phenols and terpenoids made up 15%, alkaloids made up 13%, and glycosides made up 6% to be used in neuorpathic pain. Phytochemicals derived from various medicinal plants can serve as potential therapeutic targets for both acute and chronic sciatic injury-induced neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Nasir
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Medical Research Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | | | - Sami Ullah
- Department of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Pakistan.
| | - Qian Bai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Medical Research Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
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Han S, Yuan X, Zhao F, Manyande A, Gao F, Wang J, Zhang W, Tian X. Activation of LXRs alleviates neuropathic pain-induced cognitive dysfunction by modulation of microglia polarization and synaptic plasticity via PI3K/AKT pathway. Inflamm Res 2024; 73:157-174. [PMID: 38183431 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-023-01826-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cognitive dysfunction is a common comorbidity in patients with chronic pain. Activation of Liver X receptors (LXRs) plays a potential role in improving cognitive disorders in central nervous diseases. In this study, we investigated the role of LXRs in cognitive deficits induced by neuropathic pain. METHODS We established the spared nerve injury (SNI) model to investigate pain-induced memory dysfunction. Pharmacological activation of LXRs with T0901317 or inhibition with GSK2033 was applied. PI3K inhibitor LY294002 was administered to explore the underlying mechanism of LXRs. Changes in neuroinflammation, microglia polarization, and synaptic plasticity were assessed using biochemical technologies. RESULTS We found that SNI-induced cognitive impairment was associated with reduced LXRβ expression, increased M1-phenotype microglia, decreased synaptic proteins, and inhibition of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in the hippocampus. Activation of LXRs using T0901317 effectively alleviated SNI-induced cognitive impairment. Additionally, T0901317 promoted the polarization of microglia from M1 to M2, reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines, and upregulated synaptic proteins in the hippocampus. However, administration of GSK2033 or LY294002 abolished these protective effects of T0901317 in SNI mice. CONCLUSIONS LXRs activation alleviates neuropathic pain-induced cognitive impairment by modulating microglia polarization, neuroinflammation, and synaptic plasticity, at least partly via activation of PI3K/AKT signaling in the hippocampus. LXRs may be promising targets for addressing pain-related cognitive deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyi Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, and Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xiaoman Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, and Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Fengtian Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, and Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Anne Manyande
- School of Human and Social Sciences, University of West London, London, UK
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, and Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, and Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Xuebi Tian
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, and Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.
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Zhu TT, Wang H, Liu PM, Gu HW, Pan WT, Zhao MM, Hashimoto K, Yang JJ. Clemastine-induced enhancement of hippocampal myelination alleviates memory impairment in mice with chronic pain. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 190:106375. [PMID: 38092269 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with chronic pain often experience memory impairment, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. The myelin sheath is crucial for rapid and accurate action potential conduction, playing a pivotal role in the development of cognitive abilities in the central nervous system. The study reveals that myelin degradation occurs in the hippocampus of chronic constriction injury (CCI) mice, which display both chronic pain and memory impairment. Using fiber photometry, we observed diminished task-related neuronal activity in the hippocampus of CCI mice. Interestingly, the repeated administration with clemastine, which promotes myelination, counteracts the CCI-induced myelin loss and reduced neuronal activity. Notably, clemastine specifically ameliorates the impaired memory without affecting chronic pain in CCI mice. Overall, our findings highlight the significant role of myelin abnormalities in CCI-induced memory impairment, suggesting a potential therapeutic approach for treating memory impairments associated with neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Neuroscience Research Institute, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - He Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Pan-Miao Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Neuroscience Research Institute, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Han-Wen Gu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Wei-Tong Pan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Neuroscience Research Institute, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Ming-Ming Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Kenji Hashimoto
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.
| | - Jian-Jun Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Neuroscience Research Institute, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
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Martínez-Martel I, Pol O. A Novel Therapy for Cisplatin-Induced Allodynia and Dysfunctional and Emotional Impairments in Male and Female Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:2063. [PMID: 38136183 PMCID: PMC10741113 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12122063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients undergoing chemotherapy with cisplatin (CIS) develop neuropathy in addition to other symptoms such as, anxiety, depression, muscle wasting and body weight loss. This symptomatology greatly weakens patients and may even lead to adjournment of chemotherapy. The protecting actions of molecular hydrogen in many neurological illnesses have been described, but its effect on the functional and emotional deficiencies caused by CIS has not been assessed. In C57BL/6J male and female mice injected with CIS, we examined the impact of the prophylactic treatment with hydrogen-rich water (HRW) on: (i) the tactile and cold allodynia, (ii) the deficits of grip strength and weight loss, (iii) the anxiodepressive-like behaviors and (iv) the inflammatory and oxidative reactions incited by CIS in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and prefrontal cortex (PFC). The results demonstrate that the mechanical allodynia and the anxiodepressive-like comportment provoked by CIS were similarly manifested in both sexes, whereas the cold allodynia, grip strength deficits and body weight loss produced by this chemotherapeutic agent were greater in female mice. Nonetheless, the prophylactic treatment with HRW prevented the allodynia and the functional and emotional impairments resulting from CIS in both sexes. This treatment also inhibited the inflammatory and oxidative responses activated by CIS in the DRG and PFC in both sexes, which might explain the therapeutic actions of HRW in male and female mice. In conclusion, this study revealed the plausible use of HRW as a new therapy for the allodynia and physical and mental impairments linked with CIS and its possible mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Martínez-Martel
- Grup de Neurofarmacologia Molecular, Institut de Recerca Sant Pau, Sant Quintí 77-79, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- Grup de Neurofarmacologia Molecular, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olga Pol
- Grup de Neurofarmacologia Molecular, Institut de Recerca Sant Pau, Sant Quintí 77-79, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- Grup de Neurofarmacologia Molecular, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
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Analgesic Effect of Perineural Injection of BoNT/A on Neuropathic Pain Induced by Chronic Constriction Injury of Sciatic Nerve in Rats. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:2161-2174. [PMID: 36828984 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-03893-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the analgesic effect of perineural injection of BoNT/A on neuropathic pain induced by sciatic nerve chronic constriction injury (CCI) and possible mechanisms. SD rats were randomly divided into Sham group, CCI group and BoNT/A group. Paw mechanical withdrawal threshold (pMWT) and paw thermal withdrawal latency (pTWL) of each group were detected at different time points after surgery. The expression of myelin markers, autophagy markers and NLRP3 inflammasome-related molecules in injured sciatic nerves were examined at 12 days after surgery. Moreover, C-fiber evoked potential in spinal dorsal horn was recorded. The expression of SNAP-25, neuroinflammation and synaptic plasticity in spinal dorsal horn of each group were examined. Then rats treated with BoNT/A were randomly divided into DMSO group and Wnt agonist group to further explore the regulatory effect of BoNT/A on Wnt pathway. We found that pMWT and pTWL of ipsilateral paw were significantly decreased in CCI group compared with Sham group, which could be improved by perineural injection of BoNT/A at days 7, 9 and 12 after surgery. The peripheral analgesic mechanisms of perineural injection of BoNT/A might be related to the protective effect on myelin sheath by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome and promoting autophagy flow, while the central analgesic mechanisms might be associated with inhibition of neuroinflammation and synaptic plasticity in spinal dorsal horn due to inhibiting SNAP-25 and Wnt pathway. As a new route of administration, perineural injection of BoNT/A can relieve CCI induced neuropathic pain probably via both peripheral and central analgesic mechanisms.
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Zhang T, Zhang M, Cui S, Liang W, Jia Z, Guo F, Ou W, Wu Y, Zhang S. The core of maintaining neuropathic pain: Crosstalk between glial cells and neurons (neural cell crosstalk at spinal cord). Brain Behav 2023; 13:e2868. [PMID: 36602945 PMCID: PMC9927860 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuropathic pain (NP) caused by the injury or dysfunction of the nervous system is a chronic pain state accompanied by hyperalgesia, and the available clinical treatment is relatively scarce. Hyperalgesia mediated by pro-inflammatory factors and chemokines plays an important role in the occurrence and maintenance of NP. DATA TREATMENT Therefore, we conducted a systematic literature review of experimental NP (PubMed Medline), in order to find the mechanism of inducing central sensitization and explore the intervention methods of hyperalgesia caused by real or simulated injury. RESULT In this review, we sorted out the activation pathways of microglia, astrocytes and neurons, and the process of crosstalk among them. It was found that in NP, the microglia P2X4 receptor is the key target, which can activate the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway inward and then activate astrocytes and outwardly activate neuronal tropomyosin receptor kinase B receptor to activate neurons. At the same time, activated neurons continue to maintain the activation of astrocytes and microglia through chemokines on CXCL13/CXCR5 and CX3CL1/CX3CR1. This crosstalk process is the key to maintaining NP. CONCLUSION We summarize the further research on crosstalk among neurons, microglia, and astrocytes in the central nervous system, elaborate the ways and connections of relevant crosstalk, and find potential crosstalk targets, which provides a reference for drug development and preclinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianrui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Mingqian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang Cui
- Department of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wulin Liang
- Department of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhanhong Jia
- Department of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Fanfan Guo
- Department of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjing Ou
- Department of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yonghong Wu
- Department of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shuofeng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Li N, Deng M, Hu G, Li N, Yuan H, Zhou Y. New Insights into Microglial Mechanisms of Memory Impairment in Alzheimer's Disease. Biomolecules 2022; 12:1722. [PMID: 36421736 PMCID: PMC9687453 DOI: 10.3390/biom12111722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common progressive and irreversible neurodegeneration characterized by the impairment of memory and cognition. Despite years of studies, no effective treatment and prevention strategies are available yet. Identifying new AD therapeutic targets is crucial for better elucidating the pathogenesis and establishing a valid treatment of AD. Growing evidence suggests that microglia play a critical role in AD. Microglia are resident macrophages in the central nervous system (CNS), and their core properties supporting main biological functions include surveillance, phagocytosis, and the release of soluble factors. Activated microglia not only directly mediate the central immune response, but also participate in the pathological changes of AD, including amyloid-beta (Aβ) aggregation, tau protein phosphorylation, synaptic dissection, neuron loss, memory function decline, etc. Based on these recent findings, we provide a new framework to summarize the role of microglia in AD memory impairment. This evidence suggests that microglia have the potential to become new targets for AD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
- Department of Medicine, Qingdao Binhai University, Qingdao 266555, China
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Mingru Deng
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Qingdao Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Gonghui Hu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Health and Life Sciences, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Haicheng Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Qingdao Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
- Department of Health and Life Sciences, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao 266000, China
- Institute of Brain Sciences and Related Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
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