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Bahari G, Kerari A. Evaluating the Effectiveness of a Self-Management Program on Patients Living with Chronic Diseases. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2024; 17:487-496. [PMID: 38449511 PMCID: PMC10916514 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s451692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic diseases are a major public health concern globally, and the position in Saudi Arabia is no exception. The Chronic Disease Self-Management Program (CDSMP) is a widely used intervention process to address care of chronic conditions. However, its effectiveness in a Saudi context has not been extensively studied. Therefore, this study aimed at evaluating the post-intervention outcomes of the CDSMP in Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods The study utilized a qualitative design on patients with chronic conditions. Data were collected through two focus group sessions with 15 participants who had completed the CDSMP. A thematic analysis technique was used for data analysis. Results Three key themes emerged from analysis of the qualitative data obtained through the focus groups: the perceived benefits from participation in the CDSMP workshop; the impact of the CDSMP workshop on improving health status and quality of life; and, the cultural acceptability of the CDSMP. The study also found that the CDSMP was effective in improving participants' self-management skills and quality of life. Additional benefits included increased motivation for behavioral change, enhanced confidence regarding self-care of chronic conditions, improved communication with healthcare providers, and better coping strategies. Conclusion This study provides valuable insights into the effectiveness of the CDSMP in addressing chronic conditions in Saudi Arabia. The program's emphasis on self-management skills and peer support aligns with the cultural values of Saudi Arabia. However, applying the CDSMP across various chronic conditions should be addressed in future interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghareeb Bahari
- Nursing Administration and Education Department, College of Nursing, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Kerari
- Nursing Administration and Education Department, College of Nursing, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11421, Saudi Arabia
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Elsayed Elboraei YA, Alanazi MM, Fawzan Almesned B, Alanazi WK, Almutairi DN, Alanazi ILN, Alanazi GKH, Fawzy MS. Awareness of First Aid Management of Epistaxis in Children Among Parents in Arar, Saudi Arabia. Cureus 2023; 15:e49557. [PMID: 38156178 PMCID: PMC10753863 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.49557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epistaxis is a relatively common condition, particularly among children, necessitating that parents be well informed about its effective management. OBJECTIVES This study aims to explore the current level of awareness among parents in the Arar region, Saudi Arabia, regarding the first aid management of epistaxis and to highlight the importance of education in empowering parents to handle such situations. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted using a survey distributed among the Arar population (aged >18 years) who had at least one child and were willing to participate. Data were collected between mid-July and the end of September 2023 using a self-administered questionnaire, which included a consent form, sociodemographic and background items, and epistaxis knowledge-related questions. RESULTS A total of 342 participants (27.8% males) completed the questionnaire. It was observed that 47.4% of the participants' children had experienced epistaxis. Only around half of them (n=84; 51.9%) had received first aid management for epistaxis, and only 40.4% of the parents correctly identified all the necessary steps for managing it through first aid. There was inadequate knowledge regarding the causes/risk factors and appropriate first aid techniques for epistaxis. Certain sociodemographic factors were significantly associated with better knowledge of first aid management of epistaxis, such as female gender (p = 0.003), older participants (p = 0.002), and a higher educational level (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION The study found low awareness of first aid management of epistaxis among parents residing in Arar, Saudi Arabia. Factors related to the demographic characteristics of the study participants were associated with this level of knowledge. These findings emphasize the need to improve awareness about first aid management of epistaxis, particularly among younger individuals, males, and those with limited education. Effective interventions should be developed to enhance first aid training, considering the specific risk factors associated with epistaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Manal S Fawzy
- Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Northern Border University, Arar, SAU
- Medical Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Northern Border University, Arar, SAU
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Fekih-Romdhane F, Obeid S, Chidiac G, Dabbous M, Malaeb D, Hallit R, Hallit S. Measuring public attitudes towards people living with chronic diseases in Arabic-speaking populations: adaptation and development of the Social Stigma Scale of Chronic Diseases (SSS-CD). BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1375. [PMID: 37464332 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16315-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A large proportion of the population in Arab countries suffer from chronic diseases. According to the statistics by the Global Health Estimates, chronic illnesses contribute by 71% to total deaths in the Arab region. While chronic illnesses have been demonstrated to carry high levels of social stigma, it is only recently that little research attention has been given to this topic in the Arab world. It is well-established that the social stigma construct is culturally-dependent. Therefore, the lack of an Arabic measure highlighted the urgent need for developing a culturally adapted and valid instrument to assess social stigma toward people living with chronic diseases. In this study, we aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the Arabic translation, adaptation and development of "the Social Stigma Scale of Chronic Diseases" (SSS-CD). METHOD Fifteen items derived from the literature and assessing social stigma towards chronic diseases have been administered to 570 Arabic-speaking adults from the Lebanese general population (aged 24.59 ± 6.75years; 68.6% women). Items were translated into Arabic using a forward-backward translation method. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) using a principal-axis EFA on the first split-half subsample, followed by a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) tested on the model extracted from the EFA on the second split-half subsample, were conducted to examine the construct validity of the SSS-CD. Fit indices were deemed adequate if the normed model chi-square (χ²/df) ≤ 3, the Steiger-Lind root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) ≤ 0.08, the Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI) and the comparative fit index (CFI) ≥ 0.90. RESULTS Findings revealed that the 10-item SSS-CD has a unidimensional factor structure, with the following fit indices: χ2/df = 92.95/34 = 2.73, RMSEA = 0.077 (90% CI 0.059, 0.096), SRMR = 0.062, CFI = 0.939, TLI = 0.919. A good internal consistency was demonstrated by a McDonald's omega value of 0.73 for the total score. Findings also supported invariance across gender, with men exhibiting higher levels of social stigma attached to chronic diseases than women. All three dimensions of stigmatization (social, psychological and evolutionary stigmatization) were positively correlated with SSS-CD scores (Social self-interest [r = .40; p < .001], Evolutionary self-interest [r = .37; p < .001], Psychological self-interest [r = .42; p < .001]), demonstrating relatively strong convergent validity. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that the SSS-CD has robust psychometric qualities. We thus preliminarily suggest that the scale is valid, reliable and suitable for use among Arabic-speaking people from the general population to measure public attitudes towards people living with chronic diseases. Providing this psychometrically sound measure will hopefully enable to foster research in this area in order to draw a clear overview of the prevalence and characteristics of social stigma attached to chronic diseases in Arabic-speaking communities. However, given that this was the first study to examine the psychometric properties of the SSS-CD, the present findings and conclusions should be considered tentative pending future cross-national validation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feten Fekih-Romdhane
- The Tunisian Center of Early Intervention in Psychosis, Department of Psychiatry "Ibn Omrane", Razi hospital, Manouba, 2010, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Sahar Obeid
- Social and Education Sciences Department, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Jbeil, Lebanon
| | - Georgio Chidiac
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, P.O. Box 446, Jounieh, Lebanon
- Department of Dermatology, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Mariam Dabbous
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Diana Malaeb
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
- College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rabih Hallit
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, P.O. Box 446, Jounieh, Lebanon
- Department of Infectious Disease, Bellevue Medical Center, Mansourieh, Lebanon
- Department of Infectious Disease, Notre Dame des Secours University Hospital Center, Street 93, Byblos, Postal Code 3, Lebanon
| | - Souheil Hallit
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, P.O. Box 446, Jounieh, Lebanon.
- Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon.
- Applied Science Research Center, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan.
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