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Zhu T, Wang Y. T-type Ca 2+ channels play a dual role in modulating the excitability of dorsal root ganglia neurons. Mol Pain 2022; 18:17448069221132224. [PMID: 36163701 PMCID: PMC9536108 DOI: 10.1177/17448069221132224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A subgroup of low-threshold dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons discharge action potentials (APs) with an afterdepolarizing potential (ADP). The ADP is formed by T-type Ca2+ currents. It is known that T-type Ca2+ currents contribute to neuropathic pain. However, the change in ADP-firing of injured DRG neurons has not been widely studied yet. Here we applied patch clamp to record ADP-firing and T-type Ca2+ currents in intact and chronically compressed DRG (CCD) neurons and examined T-type Ca2+ channel proteins expression with western blotting. After CCD injury, the incidences of both ADP firing and non-ADP burst firing increased, and T-type Ca2+ channels contributed to both of these firing patterns. The neurons discharging large-amplitude-ADP firing were TTX-insensitive, implying that high-density T-type Ca2+ channels might cooperate with TTX-insensitive Na+ channels to reduce the AP threshold. By contrast, the neurons displaying non-ADP burst firing were TTX-sensitive, implying that low density T-type Ca2+ channels may cooperate with TTX-sensitive Na+ channels to increase AP number. In DRG neurons, T-type Ca2+ currents density varied widely, ranging between 100 pA/pF and 5 pA/pF. After injury, the proportion of DRG neurons with large T-type Ca2+ currents increased in parallel with the increase in the incidence of large-amplitude-ADP firing. And in addition to Cav3.2, Cav3.3 channels are also likely to contribute to low-threshold firing. The data revealed that T-type Ca2+ channels may play a dual role in modulating the injured neurons' high excitability through a cooperative process with Na+ channels, thereby contributing to neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.,Clinical Experimental Center, Xi'an International Medical Center Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuying Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, 12480Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
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Kinfe TM, Asif M, Chakravarthy KV, Deer TR, Kramer JM, Yearwood TL, Hurlemann R, Hussain MS, Motameny S, Wagle P, Nürnberg P, Gravius S, Randau T, Gravius N, Chaudhry SR, Muhammad S. Unilateral L4-dorsal root ganglion stimulation evokes pain relief in chronic neuropathic postsurgical knee pain and changes of inflammatory markers: part II whole transcriptome profiling. J Transl Med 2019; 17:205. [PMID: 31217010 PMCID: PMC6585082 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-019-1952-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In our recent clinical trial, increased peripheral concentrations of pro-inflammatory molecular mediators were determined in complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) patients. After 3 months adjunctive unilateral, selective L4 dorsal root ganglion stimulation (L4-DRGSTIM), significantly decreased serum IL-10 and increased saliva oxytocin levels were assessed along with an improved pain and functional state. The current study extended molecular profiling towards gene expression analysis of genes known to be involved in the gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor and neuroinflammatory (cytokines/chemokines) signaling pathways. Methods Blood samples were collected from 12 CRPS patients for whole-transcriptome profiling in order to assay 18,845 inflammation-associated genes from frozen blood at baseline and after 3 months L4-DRGSTIM using PANTHER™ pathway enrichment analysis tool. Results Pathway enrichment analyses tools (GOrilla™ and PANTHER™) showed predominant involvement of inflammation mediated by chemokines/cytokines and gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor pathways. Further, screening of differentially regulated genes showed changes in innate immune response related genes. Transcriptomic analysis showed that 21 genes (predominantly immunoinflammatory) were significantly changed after L4-DRGSTIM. Seven genes including TLR1, FFAR2, IL1RAP, ILRN, C5, PKB and IL18 were down regulated and fourteen genes including CXCL2, CCL11, IL36G, CRP, SCGB1A1, IL-17F, TNFRSF4, PLA2G2A, CREB3L3, ADAMTS12, IL1F10, NOX1, CHIA and BDKRB1 were upregulated. Conclusions In our sub-group analysis of L4-DRGSTIM treated CRPS patients, we found either upregulated or downregulated genes involved in immunoinflammatory circuits relevant for the pathophysiology of CRPS indicating a possible relation. However, large biobank-based approaches are recommended to establish genetic phenotyping as a quantitative outcome measure in CRPS patients. Trial registration The study protocol was registered at the 15.11.2016 on German Register for Clinical Trials (DRKS ID 00011267). https://www.drks.de/drks_web/navigate.do?navigationId=trial.HTML&TRIAL_ID=DRKS00011267
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Kinfe
- Department of Psychiatry, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms University, Sigmund-Freud Street 25, 53105, Bonn, Germany. .,Division of Medical Psychology (NEMO Neuromodulation of Emotions), Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms University, Bonn, Germany. .,University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms University, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Maria Asif
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Krishnan V Chakravarthy
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.,San Diego Health Sciences, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Timothy R Deer
- The Spine and Nerve Center of the Virginias, Charleston, WV, USA
| | | | | | - Rene Hurlemann
- Department of Psychiatry, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms University, Sigmund-Freud Street 25, 53105, Bonn, Germany.,Division of Medical Psychology (NEMO Neuromodulation of Emotions), Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms University, Bonn, Germany.,University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms University, Bonn, Germany
| | - Muhammad Sajid Hussain
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Susanne Motameny
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Prerana Wagle
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Peter Nürnberg
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sascha Gravius
- University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms University, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Thomas Randau
- University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms University, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Nadine Gravius
- University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms University, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shafqat R Chaudhry
- Dept. of Basic Medical Sciences Shifa College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sajjad Muhammad
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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