Screening results correlating to personality disorder traits in a new employee population of People's Republic of China

The association between adverse childhood events and cluster C personality disorders: A meta-analysis

INTRODUCTION

Studies suggest that adverse childhood events (ACEs) may contribute to the onset and development of cluster C personality disorders. However, the association between ACEs and these disorders remains unclear in terms of consistency across studies and effect magnitude, as well as generalizability within cluster C. The current meta-analysis aimed to examine the associations between ACEs and cluster C personality disorders based on the available literature.

METHODS

Systematic searches were conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and PsychInfo. Forty-eight eligible studies were included in the analyses, and pooled effect sizes were estimated both at the level of cluster C and at the level of each specific disorder. Moderation and meta-regression analyses were also conducted.

RESULTS

ACEs were consistently associated with overall cluster C, as well as each of the specific disorders in this cluster. Sources of heterogeneity included type of instrument used to assess ACEs (questionnaires > interviews) and type of instrument used to assess the personality disorders (clinical interviews > questionnaires, as well as their combination with interview). The associations between ACEs and all cluster C personality disorders decreased with age.

CONCLUSIONS

ACEs are consistently associated with all cluster C personality disorders. Future work could approach the mechanisms underlying this association, preferably using longitudinal designs and considering the potential sources of effect variability identified in the present study.

Factor structure and psychometric evaluation of the Connor-Davidson resilience scale in a new employee population of China

BACKGROUND

In order to find a suitable instrument to evaluate psychological resilience in Chinese new employee population, we intended to propose a possible factorial structure of Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Furthermore, we administered to explore its reliability and validity in the present population.

METHODS

Participants were derived from the male new employees who had started working in the last 2-3 months from 12 machinery factories across 8 different provinces of China. Chinese version of CD-RISC was used to assess the resilience of the study participants. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted to assess the possible factor structure, and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to determine which factor structure was the most suitable among the present study sample.

RESULTS

The present 4-factor model (tolerance for stress, tenacity, and goal orientation; adaptability and acceptance of change; optimism and sense of security; and trust in one's instinct) of CD-RISC showed good internal consistency, concurrent validity and consistent structure validity, and had presented better data fit than the original 5-factor and the Chinese 3-factor patterns. Each of the present 4-factor structure and the total score of CD-RISC were negatively and significantly associated with Global Severity Index T score and Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire-4+ score.

CONCLUSIONS

The measure of resilience is useful in screening high-risk employees who are vulnerable to stress. Optimal and tailored interventions can be further applied to avoid potential adverse events in this population. Longitudinal research should be required to determine whether aging and long-term health events can change the nature of resilience.