1
|
Finsterer J. Diagnosing Myoclonic Epilepsy With Ragged-Red Fibers Syndrome Requires Documentation of a Causative Mutation. A A Pract 2021; 15:e01525. [PMID: 34529593 DOI: 10.1213/xaa.0000000000001525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
2
|
Buccoliero C, Dicarlo M, Pignataro P, Gaccione F, Colucci S, Colaianni G, Grano M. The Novel Role of PGC1α in Bone Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094670. [PMID: 33925111 PMCID: PMC8124835 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1α) is a protein that promotes transcription of numerous genes, particularly those responsible for the regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis. Evidence for a key role of PGC1α in bone metabolism is very recent. In vivo studies showed that PGC1α deletion negatively affects cortical thickness, trabecular organization and resistance to flexion, resulting in increased risk of fracture. Furthermore, in a mouse model of bone disease, PGC1α activation stimulates osteoblastic gene expression and inhibits atrogene transcription. PGC1α overexpression positively affects the activity of Sirtuin 3, a mitochondrial nicotinammide adenina dinucleotide (NAD)-dependent deacetylase, on osteoblastic differentiation. In vitro, PGC1α overexpression prevents the reduction of mitochondrial density, membrane potential and alkaline phosphatase activity caused by Sirtuin 3 knockdown in osteoblasts. Moreover, PGC1α influences the commitment of skeletal stem cells towards an osteogenic lineage, while negatively affects marrow adipose tissue accumulation. In this review, we will focus on recent findings about PGC1α action on bone metabolism, in vivo and in vitro, and in pathologies that cause bone loss, such as osteoporosis and type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Buccoliero
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (C.B.); (P.P.); (F.G.); (G.C.)
| | - Manuela Dicarlo
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.D.); (S.C.)
| | - Patrizia Pignataro
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (C.B.); (P.P.); (F.G.); (G.C.)
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.D.); (S.C.)
| | - Francesco Gaccione
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (C.B.); (P.P.); (F.G.); (G.C.)
| | - Silvia Colucci
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.D.); (S.C.)
| | - Graziana Colaianni
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (C.B.); (P.P.); (F.G.); (G.C.)
| | - Maria Grano
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (C.B.); (P.P.); (F.G.); (G.C.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Witek N, Hawkins J, Hall D. Genetic ataxias: update on classification and diagnostic approaches. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2021; 21:13. [PMID: 33638050 DOI: 10.1007/s11910-021-01092-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ataxia encompasses a large group of rare disorders characterized by irregular movements, decreased coordination, imbalance, kinetic tremor, wide-based stance, and dysarthria. Evaluating ataxia can be challenging considering the volume of disorders and their complex pathologies involving diverse genetic and clinical factors. This is a comprehensive review of the genetic ataxia literature, presenting updated guidelines for differential diagnosis. Age, time course, and family history provide initial guidance for evaluation of ataxia. As genetic testing is increasingly utilized, new genes are discovered and phenotypes for existing disorders are expanded. This review assists physicians by offering a diagnostic roadmap for suspected hereditary ataxia based on the current literature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Witek
- Rush Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Program, 1725 W Harrison St. Suite 755, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
| | - Jacob Hawkins
- Rush Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Program, 1725 W Harrison St. Suite 755, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Deborah Hall
- Rush Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Program, 1725 W Harrison St. Suite 755, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ichikawa K. Reply to the letter: "Is the variant m.9176T>C in MT-ATP6 truly responsibly for Leigh syndrome?". Pediatr Int 2021; 63:240. [PMID: 33629425 DOI: 10.1111/ped.14519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazushi Ichikawa
- Division of Neurology, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ghosh R, Dubey S, Chatterjee S, Finsterer J, Biswas R, Lahiri D, Ray BK. Primary hypoparathyroidism and multiple neuraxial involvement in mitochondrial disorder due to the variant m.15043G>A in MT-CYB. J Neurol Sci 2020; 414:116853. [PMID: 32334272 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2020.116853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ritwik Ghosh
- Department of General Medicine, Burdwan Medical College & Hospital, Burdwan, West Bengal, India
| | - Souvik Dubey
- Department of Neuromedicine, Bangur Institute of Neurosciences, Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research & SSKM Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Subhankar Chatterjee
- Department of General Medicine, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Josef Finsterer
- Department of Neurology, Krankenanstalt Rudolfstiftung, Messerli Institute, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Rakesh Biswas
- Department of Medicine, Kamineni Institute of Medical Sciences, Narketpally, Nalgonda, Telangana, India
| | - Durjoy Lahiri
- Department of Neuromedicine, Bangur Institute of Neurosciences, Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research & SSKM Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Biman Kanti Ray
- Department of Neuromedicine, Bangur Institute of Neurosciences, Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research & SSKM Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial disorders (MIDs) are usually multisystem disorders, affecting not only a single organ/tissue but also progressively more than one. METHODS Letter to the Editor. RESULTS Though phenotypic manifestations of the m.1555A>G mutation are usually mono-organic, there are indications that short stature, osteoporosis, arterial hypertension, and recurrent headache can be also a manifestation of this variant.MID patients with apparently single organ involvement need to be prospectively investigated for multisystem disease, as multisystem manifestations can be subtle or even subclinical.Concerning the phenotypic expression of the m.1555A>G variant it is crucial to know the heteroplasmy rates in various tissues, as they may strongly contribute to the phenotypic expression of the disease. Maternal transmission can be confirmed by running a basic local alignment search tool. CONCLUSIONS The m.1555A>G variant is not only associated with hearing loss but with a number of other multiorgan manifestations. Heteroplasmy rate are required for establishing a genotype/phenotype correlation.
Collapse
|
7
|
MELAS Missed for Years: Stroke-Like Lesions Are No Indication for Brain Biopsy. Case Rep Neurol Med 2019; 2019:9312451. [PMID: 31949962 PMCID: PMC6948273 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9312451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A 56-year-old female with a history of chronic alcoholism until age 38 y with a relapse between ages 45 and 46 y developed seizures, psychosis, and hemianopia to the left at age 46 y. Imaging revealed a right parieto-occipital lesion with intralesional bleeding. Five months after the first lesion she developed a second left parieto-occipital lesion, resulting in cortical blindness. Extensive workup, including brain biopsy, was noninformative. Retrospectively, the occipital abnormalities were identified as stroke-like lesions (SLLs). Further manifestations of the mitochondrial disorder (MID) were tremor, cerebral atrophy, bilateral basal ganglia, calcification, glaucoma, hypoacusis, short stature, hyperostosis frontalis, hyperthyroidism, sick-sinus syndrome and AV-block-1, and myopathy. According to the Walker criteria, a possible MID was diagnosed. In conclusion, adult-onset MID may be missed for years, SLLs may be easily misinterpreted entailing brain biopsy, and psychosis may contribute to a reduced impact for proper workup of a MID.
Collapse
|
8
|
Finsterer J. Re: Increased incidence of obstetric complications in women carrying mitochondrial DNA mutations: a retrospective cohort study in a single tertiary centre. BJOG 2019; 126:1400-1401. [PMID: 30773811 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.15608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Josef Finsterer
- Krankenanstalt Rudolfstiftung, Messerli Institute, Veterinary University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Finsterer J. Early identification of LHON carriers may improve outcome. Rom J Ophthalmol 2019; 63:102-103. [PMID: 31198904 PMCID: PMC6531766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Josef Finsterer
- Krankenanstalt Rudolfstiftung, Messerli Institute, Veterniary University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Finsterer J. Liability of sepsis is hardly determined by the COXI variant m.6459T>C. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 23:689-690. [PMID: 30334343 PMCID: PMC6307762 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Josef Finsterer
- Krankenanstalt Rudolfstiftung, Messerli Institute, Veterinary University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Finsterer J. Features on cerebral imaging suggesting mitochondrial disorder. Neurodegener Dis Manag 2018; 8:215-216. [DOI: 10.2217/nmt-2018-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Josef Finsterer
- Krankenanstalt Rudolfstiftung, Messerli Institute, Veterinary University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Finsterer J. Aortic root ectasia as a phenotypic feature of a mitochondrial disorder. Clin Case Rep 2018; 6:1501-1503. [PMID: 30147891 PMCID: PMC6099020 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.1652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial disorder (MID) can be suspected upon application of the mitochondrial multiorgan disorder syndrome score; aortic root ectasia (ARE) can be a phenotypic feature of MIDs; ARE in a MID may result from affection of vascular smooth muscle cells by the metabolic defect; ARE requires long-term follow-up not to miss the point at which ARE transforms to an aneurysm requiring vascular surgery.
Collapse
|
13
|
Polymegathism as a biomarker of mitochondrial disorders. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00417-018-3960-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
|
14
|
Finsterer J, Zarrouk-Mahjoub S. Modified Yarham and Smith scores for pathogenicity assessment of mtDNA tRNA variants. Neuromuscul Disord 2018; 28:373-374. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
15
|
Finsterer J, Zarrouk-Mahjoub S. Biomarkers for Detecting Mitochondrial Disorders. J Clin Med 2018; 7:E16. [PMID: 29385732 PMCID: PMC5852432 DOI: 10.3390/jcm7020016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Objectives: Mitochondrial disorders (MIDs) are a genetically and phenotypically heterogeneous group of slowly or rapidly progressive disorders with onset from birth to senescence. Because of their variegated clinical presentation, MIDs are difficult to diagnose and are frequently missed in their early and late stages. This is why there is a need to provide biomarkers, which can be easily obtained in the case of suspecting a MID to initiate the further diagnostic work-up. (2) Methods: Literature review. (3) Results: Biomarkers for diagnostic purposes are used to confirm a suspected diagnosis and to facilitate and speed up the diagnostic work-up. For diagnosing MIDs, a number of dry and wet biomarkers have been proposed. Dry biomarkers for MIDs include the history and clinical neurological exam and structural and functional imaging studies of the brain, muscle, or myocardium by ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), MR-spectroscopy (MRS), positron emission tomography (PET), or functional MRI. Wet biomarkers from blood, urine, saliva, or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for diagnosing MIDs include lactate, creatine-kinase, pyruvate, organic acids, amino acids, carnitines, oxidative stress markers, and circulating cytokines. The role of microRNAs, cutaneous respirometry, biopsy, exercise tests, and small molecule reporters as possible biomarkers is unsolved. (4) Conclusions: The disadvantages of most putative biomarkers for MIDs are that they hardly meet the criteria for being acceptable as a biomarker (missing longitudinal studies, not validated, not easily feasible, not cheap, not ubiquitously available) and that not all MIDs manifest in the brain, muscle, or myocardium. There is currently a lack of validated biomarkers for diagnosing MIDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josef Finsterer
- Krankenanstalt Rudolfstiftung, Postfach 20, 1180 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Sinda Zarrouk-Mahjoub
- El Manar and Genomics Platform, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, University of Tunis, Tunis 1068, Tunisia.
| |
Collapse
|