Group cognitive-behavioral therapy in insomnia: a cross-sectional case-controlled study

Effectiveness of Using a Mixed of CBT, CT-R, and Oral Treatment in Reducing Depression and Anxiety

This qualitative research with case study method aims to determine the effectiveness of the combined use of CBT, CT-R and oral treatment to reduce depression and anxiety. The subject in this study was a 55 years old woman. Data were obtained through observation, interviews, and measurement of depression and anxiety levels using the DASS and MCMI-IV instruments. The results of this study showed that the combined use of CBT, CT-R and oral treatment reduced depression level and anxiety as indicated by a decrease in persistent depression scores 75 to 14, major depression scores 102 to 12 and generalized anxiety scores 115 to 30 on MCMI-IV scale. Measurements using the DASS show a decrease in depression scores 25 as major depression to 3 as normal depression, and a decrease in anxiety 16 as severe anxiety to 4 as normal anxiety. The measurement results supported by physical, psychological and behavioral changes. In addition, there are changes in personalities from borderline, melancholic and dependent to turbulent, histrionic and compulsiveon MCMI-IV scale..

Does cognitive behaviour therapy for insomnia reduce repetitive negative thinking and sleep-related worry beliefs? A systematic review and meta-analysis

Repetitive negative thinking (RNT), i.e., worry, rumination, and transdiagnostic repetitive thinking, is thought to exacerbate and perpetuate insomnia in cognitive models. Moreover, RNT is a longitudinal precursor of depression and anxiety, which are often co-present alongside insomnia. Whilst accumulating evidence supports the efficacy of cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) in reducing depression and anxiety symptoms, the literature on the effects of CBT-I on RNT has never been systematically appraised. Importantly, preliminary evidence suggests that reduction of RNT following CBT-I may be associated with reduction of depression and anxiety. Therefore, we aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis on the effects of CBT-I on RNT. Seven databases were searched, and 15 randomised controlled trials were included. Results showed moderate-to-large effects of CBT-I on worry (Hedge's g range: -0.41 to g = -0.71) but small and non-reliable effects on rumination (g = -0.13). No clear evidence was found for an association between post-treatment reduction in RNT and post-treatment reduction in depression and anxiety. Although the literature is small and still developing, CBT-I seems to have a stronger impact on sleep-related versus general measures of RNT. We discuss a research agenda aimed at advancing the study of RNT in CBT-I trials.