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Almadani O, Alroba R, Alfakhri A, Almohareb S, Althunian T, Alrwisan AA. Real-World Evidence on Levetiracetam-Induced Hypokalemia: An Active Comparator Cohort Study. Drugs Real World Outcomes 2024; 11:331-339. [PMID: 38829496 PMCID: PMC11176145 DOI: 10.1007/s40801-024-00431-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Levetiracetam is an anti-seizure medication (ASM) with an established safety profile. However, a potential safety signal of hypokalemia following levetiracetam use was published in the World Health Organization newsletter. OBJECTIVE To investigate the possible causal association between the use of levetiracetam and the development of hypokalemia. METHOD This was a new-user, active-comparator retrospective cohort study using Real-world Evidence Research Network data at the Saudi Food and Drug Authority from 2016 to 2022. Adults (≥ 18 years old) with an incident prescription for either levetiracetam or carbamazepine were followed for up to 6 months from the prescription date. Hypokalemia was ascertained by using diagnostic code (i.e., E87.6) or by serum potassium level below 3.5 mmol/L. A Cox proportional hazards model, adjusted with stabilized inverse probability of treatment weight, was fitted to compare the hazard of hypokalemia between levetiracetam and carbamazepine exposed patients. RESULTS A total of 8,982 patients entered the study cohort. The incidence rate of hypokalemia was 303 cases per 10,000 patient-years in the levetiracetam-exposed cohort compared to 57 cases per 10,000 patient-years among carbamazepine users. Compared to carbamazepine users, patients exposed to levetiracetam had an adjusted hazard ratio related to induced hypokalemia of 1.99 (95% confidence interval, 0.88-4.49). Results of sensitivity analyses were comparable to the main analysis. CONCLUSION The hazard ratio for hypokalemia with the use of levetiracetam versus carbamazepine was statistically comparable. However, the potential association between levetiracetam use and hypokalemia cannot be ruled out given the elevated hazard ratios from the main and sensitivity analyses. Further studies may provide a more precise assessment of this association.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sumaya Almohareb
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmaceutical Care Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City, National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Turki Althunian
- Saudi Food and Drug Authority, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Liu Y, Wang Y, Li X, Wu X. Efficacy and safety of levetiracetam vs. oxcarbazepine in the treatment of children with epilepsy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Pediatr 2024; 12:1336744. [PMID: 38711491 PMCID: PMC11072191 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2024.1336744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Levetiracetam (LEV) and oxcarbazepine (OXC) are new antiseizure medications (ASMs). In recent years, OXC monotherapy is widely used in children with epilepsy; however, no consensus exists on applying LEV monotherapy among children with epilepsy. Objective The present work focused on comparing the efficacy and safety of LEV and OXC monotherapy in treating children with epilepsy. Methods We conducted a comprehensive search across multiple databases including PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, CNKI, Wanfang Database, VIP, and China Biology Medicine disc, covering studies from inception to August 26, 2023. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies evaluating the efficacy and safety of LEV and OXC monotherapy for treating epilepsy in children. We utilized Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool in RevMan 5.3 software for assessing included RCTs quality. In addition, included cohort studies quality was determined using Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). A random-effects model was utilized to summarize the results. Results This meta-analysis included altogether 14 studies, including 893 children with epilepsy. LEV and OXC monotherapy was not statistical different among children with epilepsy in seizure-free rate (relative risk [RR] = 1.010, 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.822, 1.242], P > 0.05) and seizure frequency decrease of ≥50% compared with baseline [RR = 0.938, 95% CI (0.676, 1.301), P > 0.05]. Differences in total adverse reaction rate [RR = 1.113, 95% CI (0.710, 1.744), P > 0.05] and failure rate because of serious adverse reaction [RR = 1.001, 95% CI (0.349, 2.871), P > 0.05] were not statistical different between LEV and OXC treatments among children with epilepsy. However, the effects of OXC monotherapy on thyroid among children with epilepsy was statistically correlated than that of LEV (thyroid stimulating hormone: standardized mean difference [SMD] = -0.144, 95% CI [-0.613, 0.325], P > 0.05; free thyroxine: SMD = 1.663, 95% CI [0.179, 3.147], P < 0.05). Conclusion The efficacy of LEV and OXC monotherapy in treating children with epilepsy is similar. However, OXC having a more significant effect on the thyroid than that of LEV. Therefore, LEV may be safer for children with epilepsy who are predisposed to thyroid disease than OXC. Systematic Review Registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/, PROSPERO (CRD42024514016).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Liu
- School of Public Health, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Yanxu Wang
- Department of Food Hygiene Monitoring, Jiamusi City Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiamusi, China
| | - Xingzhou Li
- School of Public Health, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Xiaomin Wu
- Director, Jiamusi City Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiamusi, China
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Catibusic FH, Uzicanin S, Salihbegovic EV, Huseinbegovic Z. Efficacy and Safety of Levetiracetam for Childhood Epilepsies. Med Arch 2024; 78:122-126. [PMID: 38566869 PMCID: PMC10983095 DOI: 10.5455/medarh.2024.78.122-126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Levetiracetam (LEV) is a broad spectrum second-generation antiepileptic drug (AED). Objective The objective of the study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of levetiracetam for childhood epilepsies. Methods This is single, tertiary centre observational, prospective study, that included paediatric patients who were treated with levetiracetam at Paediatric hospital University Clinical Centre Sarajevo, during the period of 15 years (2008-2022). Inclusion criteria were: paediatric patients age > 1 month, diagnosed with epilepsy according to International League Against Epilepsy. After the introduction of levetiracetam, each patient has been followed up at least 12 months. According to the outcome the patients were divided into 5 groups: seizure reduction >50%, seizure reduction <50%, complete seizure freedom, the same number of seizures and increased number of seizures. From these groups two intergroups have been formed: responders (seizure reduction >50% and complete seizure freedom) and non-responders (seizure reduction <50%, the same number of seizures and increased number of seizures). Results The study enrolled 259 patients (141 female and 118 male), with mean age 7 years (3,0-12.0). Comorbidities were present at 129/259 (49.8%) patients. After 12 months of treatment, 25/259 (9.7%) patients had seizure reduction >50%, 30/259 (11.6%) patients had seizure reduction <50%, 154/259 (56.5%) patients had achieved seizure freedom, 31/259 (12%) patients had same number of seizures, while 19/259 (7.3%) patients had increased number of seizures. Seizure frequency between responders and non-responders, before treatment and after 12 months of treatment was statistically significant (p<0.001). Discussion Non responders had the best outcome with ditherapy (30/79; 38%), while responders had the best outcome with monotherapy (161/180;89.4%). Conclusion Levetiracetam is efficient antiepileptic drug for different types of epilepsies in childhood, used as mono, di or polytherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sajra Uzicanin
- Department of Child neurology, Paediatric Clinic, Clinical Center University of Sarajevo
| | | | - Zinka Huseinbegovic
- Department of Child neurology, Paediatric Clinic, Clinical Center University of Sarajevo
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Yao N, Huang S, Huang A, Song H. Analysis of influencing factors on monohydroxylated derivative of oxcarbazepine plasma concentration in children with epilepsy. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2022; 78:1667-1675. [PMID: 36006433 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-022-03373-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the factors affecting the plasma concentration of monohydroxylated derivative (MHD) of oxcarbazepine (OXC) in children with epilepsy. METHODS We recruited 125 children with epilepsy who received OXC monotherapy. Among them, 16 single nucleotide polymorphisms were detected by MassARRAY genotyping technology to evaluate the influence of related factors on the plasma concentration of OXC monotherapy. MHD is the main active metabolite of OXC, and its plasma concentration was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). RESULTS Bivariate correlation analysis revealed that concentration-dose ratio (CDR) increased with weight, and the corresponding maintenance dose decreased with weight (r=0.317, P=0.001 for CDR; r=-0.285, P=0.000 for OXC maintenance dose). The duration of seizure was found to be associated with CDR (0.90 ± 0.36 vs 0.74 ± 0.26 μg·kg/mg/mL for ≥6 years vs <1 year, P=0.028; 0.90 ± 0.36 vs 0.64 ± 0.21 μg·kg/mg/mL for ≥6 years vs 1-3 years, P=0.004; 0.90 ± 0.36 vs 0.69 ± 0.18 μg·kg/mg/mL for ≥6 years vs 3-6 years, P=0.031). The CDR of patients with ABCB1 rs1045642 mutation homozygous GG type is higher than heterozygous AG type (0.79 ± 0.30 vs 0.68 ± 0.20 μg·kg/mg/mL for AG vs GG, P=0.032). CONCLUSION This study clarified the association of weight, duration of seizure, and gene polymorphisms of ABCB1 rs1045642 with MHD plasma concentration in children with epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Yao
- Department of Pharmacy, 900TH Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shan Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, 900TH Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Fuzhou, China
| | - Aiwen Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, 900TH Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Hongtao Song
- Department of Pharmacy, 900TH Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Fuzhou, China.
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Zhu Y, Yang J, Zhu X. Combined effects of levetiracetam and sodium valproate on paediatric patients with epilepsy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Seizure 2021; 95:17-25. [PMID: 34971912 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2021.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the safety and efficacy of sodium valproate combined with levetiracetam in paediatric patients with epilepsy based on randomized controlled trials (RCTs). METHODS The Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, Chinese Journal Full-Text Database (CNKI), WANGFANG DATA and Sino Med were searched between January 1946 and May 2021. The included literature was randomized controlled clinical trials focusing on sodium valproate combined with levetiracetam in paediatric patients with epilepsy. Two evaluators separately collected the data based on the retrieval strategy, filtered the literature in accordance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and summarized the literature that satisfied the criteria. The statistical programme used for the meta-analysis was Stata V14.0. RESULTS Of 577 original titles screened, data were extracted from 7 studies (617 participants). Compared with sodium valproate alone or sodium valproate combined with topiramate, the application of sodium valproate combined with levetiracetam in the treatment of paediatric epilepsy significantly improved the overall therapeutic effect (RR=1.24, 95% CI: 1.16 to 1.33, p=0.927). The observation group significantly reduced the occurrence of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) (RR=0.54, 95% CI: 0.37 to 0.79, p=0.602). Egger's regression test of the overall therapeutic effect showed no potential publication bias (p=0.122). CONCLUSION Based on this meta-analysis, compared with sodium valproate alone or sodium valproate with topiramate, the application of sodium valproate combined with levetiracetam in the treatment of paediatric epilepsy can significantly improve the overall therapeutic effect and simultaneously reduce the occurrence of ADR. Therefore, we recommend sodium valproate combined with levetiracetam for the therapy of paediatric patients with epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China; Medical Imaging, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junlan Yang
- Clinical Medicine, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinjian Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
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Initial levetiracetam versus valproate monotherapy in antiseizure medicine (ASM)-naïve pediatric patients with idiopathic generalized epilepsy with tonic-clonic seizures. Seizure 2021; 91:263-270. [PMID: 34246881 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2021.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Levetiracetam (LEV) is a second-generation antiseizure medicine (ASM) with broad-spectrum efficacy and tolerability. Few studies have compared the efficacy of valproate (VPA) and LEV as monotherapy in the pediatric population. Herein, we compare the efficacy, tolerability and safety of LEV monotherapy with those of VPA monotherapy in ASM-naïve pediatric patients with idiopathic generalized epilepsy with tonic-clonic (GTC) seizures. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed the clinical and electroencephalographic (EEG) data of these ASM-naïve pediatric patients who were treated with either oral VPA or oral LEV as monotherapy for over 2 years at our center. RESULTS This study included 60 patients with a seizure onset age between 2 months and 12 years. The patients on VPA (29 patients) and LEV monotherapy (31 patients) showed similar favorable 6-month treatment outcomes (complete seizure control in 79.31% vs 80.64%, p = 0.468052). Age at epilepsy onset, epilepsy syndrome, EEG features and ASM dose were not significant predictors of the 6-month treatment outcomes in either group. Lower seizure frequency at presentation was a predictor of favorable 6-month treatment outcomes in the LEV group but not in the VPA group. VPA and LEV treatment showed similar favorable 6-month treatment outcomes in the febrile seizures plus and patients with unidentified epilepsy syndrome subgroups. None of the patients discontinued VPA or LEV due to treatment-associated adverse effects. DISCUSSION Our study showed that compared to VPA monotherapy, LEV monotherapy in ASM-naïve infants and children with idiopathic generalized epilepsy with GTC seizures has a similarly favorable efficacy and tolerability, independent of age, EEG features and epilepsy syndrome.
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Zhang X, Zhao W. Comparison of clinical efficacy of oxcarbazepine and lamotrigine combined with escitalopram, and impact on prognostic quality of life in treating patients with epilepsy and depressive disorder. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:146. [PMID: 33093884 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the clinical efficacy of oxcarbazepine and lamotrigine combined with escitalopram in treating patients with epilepsy and depressive disorder, and their influence on the prognostic quality of life. A total of 108 patients with epilepsy and depression were selected as research participants. Among them, 53 patients were treated by oxcarbazepine combined with escitalopram (group A) and 55 patients were treated by lamotrigine combined with escitalopram (group B). Following six-month treatment, efficacy, epilepsy frequency and duration, Hamilton Depression Rating (HAMD) and Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating (MADRS) scores, adverse reactions, improvement of electroencephalogram (EEG) epileptic discharge, quality of life, 1-year drug retention rate and withdrawal reasons of the two groups were compared. There was no remarkable difference in the total efficacy rate between both groups. The number and duration of epileptic seizures, improvement of EEG epileptic discharge and quality of life in the two groups significantly improved after treatment, with no marked difference. HAMD and MADRS scores of patients from group B were significantly lower after treatment compared with those of patients from group A. The incidence rate of adverse reactions in group B was dramatically lower compared with group A, and the 1-year drug retention rate of group B was dramatically higher compared with that in group A. Both oxcarbazepine and lamotrigine combined with escitalopram exhibited good efficacy in patients with epilepsy and depressive disorder, and they may effectively improve the prognostic quality of life of patients. Lamotrigine combined with escitalopram presented with a better antidepressant effect and safety, with higher patient tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoguang Zhang
- Center of Brain Diseases, Sunshine Union Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261061, P.R. China
| | - Wenli Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Weifang No. 2 People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261041, P.R. China
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Cognitive profile in BECTS treated with levetiracetam: A 2-year follow-up. Epilepsy Behav 2019; 97:187-191. [PMID: 31252277 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2019.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (BECTS) is a common epileptic syndrome in childhood, characterized by brief and infrequent partial motor seizures, with or without generalization and mostly recurring during sleep. Because of its favorable efficacy, tolerability, and safety profile, levetiracetam (LEV) monotherapy is often administered in these patients. Long-term effects of LEV therapy and its influence on cognitive functions remain controversial. PURPOSE This evaluated the changes in the cognitive profile of children with BECTS treated with LEV monotherapy for 2 years, compared with a control group of children with specific learning disabilities. METHOD Our patient cohort included 20 children aged 8-14 years diagnosed as having BECTS and administered LEV monotherapy and 10 age/sex-matched controls with specific learning disabilities. All participants underwent a standardized test for assessing cognitive profile (Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children - Fourth Edition [WISC-IV]) before drug therapy and after 2 years of treatment. Average LEV blood level and electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings were periodically monitored. Several factors such as age, sex, response to therapy, and EEG pattern changes were considered. Statistical analysis was performed using Student's t-test for paired and independent samples. p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS Children administered LEV for 24 months showed a mild but statistically significant improvement in overall cognitive abilities. Verbal skills, visual-perceptual reasoning, working memory, and processing speed showed slight but significant improvement. In the control group, cognitive profile remained substantially unchanged at 2-year follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Not only do our data suggest a nonworsening of the cognitive profile in BECTS with LEV but, on the contrary, cognitive scores also improved over time, unlike the control group.
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Levetiracetam versus carbamazepine in treatment of rolandic epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav 2019; 94:1-8. [PMID: 30884401 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2019.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the current study was to systematically review the literature to compare the efficacy of levetiracetam (LEV) with that of carbamazepine (CBZ) to control seizures and reduce the burden of interictal epileptiform discharges in children with rolandic epilepsy (RE) and also to compare their tolerability. METHODS We searched the electronic database PubMed on January 9, 2019 for original articles that included the following English-language search terms in the title: "Rolandic epilepsy" OR "benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes" since 2000. We concentrated our review on three main areas: 1. Neuropsychological impairments in children with RE; 2. Influence of epileptic activity on cognitive performance in RE; 3. Effects of antiepileptic drug (AED) therapies in RE. RESULTS The primary search yielded 308 papers. We reviewed the results and removed duplicate articles and all nonoriginal, non-English papers. Finally, after carefully reviewing the full texts, we included 44 original articles to achieve the aims of this review. CONCLUSION Physicians taking care of children with RE should be aware of the risks for cognitive dysfunctions in these patients and screen their patients for any subtle dysfunction that may affect their academic performance and achievement. If and when the physician decides to prescribe an AED for their patients with RE, LEV is probably a better option compared with CBZ to prescribe for these children.
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Yi ZM, -, Wen C, Cai T, Xu L, Zhong XL, Zhan SY, Zhai SD. Levetiracetam for epilepsy: an evidence map of efficacy, safety and economic profiles. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2018; 15:1-19. [PMID: 30587993 PMCID: PMC6301299 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s181886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy, safety and economics of levetiracetam (LEV) for epilepsy. MATERIALS AND METHODS PubMed, Scopus, the Cochrane Library, OpenGrey.eu and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched for systematic reviews (SRs), meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials (RCTs), observational studies, case reports and economic studies published from January 2007 to April 2018. We used a bubble plot to graphically display information of included studies and conducted meta-analyses to quantitatively synthesize the evidence. RESULTS A total of 14,803 records were obtained. We included 30 SRs/meta-analyses, 34 RCTs, 18 observational studies, 58 case reports and 2 economic studies after the screening process. The included SRs enrolled patients with pediatric epilepsy, epilepsy in pregnancy, focal epilepsy, generalized epilepsy and refractory focal epilepsy. Meta-analysis of the included RCTs indicated that LEV was as effective as carbamazepine (CBZ; treatment for 6 months: 58.9% vs 64.8%, OR=0.76, 95% CI: 0.50-1.16; 12 months: 54.9% vs 55.5%, OR=1.24, 95% CI: 0.79-1.93), oxcarbazepine (57.7% vs 59.8%, OR=1.34, 95% CI: 0.34-5.23), phenobarbital (50.0% vs 50.9%, OR=1.20, 95% CI: 0.51-2.82) and lamotrigine (LTG; 61.5% vs 57.7%, OR=1.22, 95% CI: 0.90-1.66). SRs and observational studies indicated a low malformation rate and intrauterine death rate for pregnant women, as well as low risk of cognitive side effects. But psychiatric and behavioral side effects could not be ruled out. LEV decreased discontinuation due to adverse events compared with CBZ (OR=0.52, 95% CI: 0.41-0.65), while no difference was found when LEV was compared with placebo and LTG. Two cost-effectiveness evaluations for refractory epilepsy with decision-tree model showed US$ 76.18 per seizure-free day gained in Canada and US$ 44 per seizure-free day gained in Korea. CONCLUSION LEV is as effective as CBZ, oxcarbazepine, phenobarbital and LTG and has an advantage for pregnant women and in cognitive functions. Limited evidence supports its cost-effectiveness. REGISTERED NUMBER PROSPERO (No CRD 42017069367).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan-Miao Yi
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China,
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- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China,
| | - Cheng Wen
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China,
- Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Cai
- Department of Epidemiology and Bio-statistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Bio-statistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xu-Li Zhong
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Si-Yan Zhan
- Department of Epidemiology and Bio-statistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Suo-Di Zhai
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China,
- Institute for Drug Evaluation, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China,
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Meta-analysis Evaluating Efficacy and Safety of Levetiracetam for the Management of Seizures in Children. Indian Pediatr 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13312-018-1424-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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McDonald D, Sultan R, Viswanathan A, Siu A. A Rare Case of Levetiracetam and Drug-Induced Idiopathic Aseptic Meningitis in a Pediatric Patient. Pharmacotherapy 2018; 39:109-113. [PMID: 30488976 DOI: 10.1002/phar.2198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Levetiracetam (LEV) is a pyrrolidine derivative antiepileptic medication used for the treatment of seizures in pediatric and adult patients. We report a case of probable LEV-induced aseptic meningitis in a 13-year-old girl. The patient received LEV for a generalized seizure disorder and presented with symptoms 5 days after medication initiation. Ten days after LEV initiation, the patient presented to the hospital for further management. During her hospital course, infectious etiologies were ruled out with clinical and diagnostic testing. Upon discontinuation of LEV, the patient's symptoms resolved. Although select antiepileptic medications have been associated with drug-induced aseptic meningitis (DIAM), to date, no reports have been published about DIAM following the administration of LEV. We describe and categorize the probability of DIAM in association with LEV, as observed in a patient case.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard Sultan
- Hovnanian Children's Hospital at Hackensack Meridian Health, Hackensack, New Jersey
| | - Anusha Viswanathan
- Hovnanian Children's Hospital at Hackensack Meridian Health, Hackensack, New Jersey
| | - Anita Siu
- Hovnanian Children's Hospital at Hackensack Meridian Health, Hackensack, New Jersey.,Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy at Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
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