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van Maanen EMT, van Steeg TJ, Ahsman MJ, Michener MS, Savage MJ, Kennedy ME, Kleijn HJ, Stone J, Danhof M. Extending a Systems Model of the APP Pathway: Separation of β- and γ-Secretase Sequential Cleavage Steps of APP. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2018; 365:507-518. [PMID: 29563326 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.117.244699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The abnormal accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) in the brain parenchyma has been posited as a central event in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease. Recently, we have proposed a systems pharmacology model of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) pathway, describing the Aβ APP metabolite responses (Aβ40, Aβ42, sAPPα, and sAPPβ) to β-secretase 1 (BACE1) inhibition. In this investigation this model was challenged to describe Aβ dynamics following γ-secretase (GS) inhibition. This led an extended systems pharmacology model, with separate descriptions to characterize the sequential cleavage steps of APP by BACE1 and GS, to describe the differences in Aβ response to their respective inhibition. Following GS inhibition, a lower Aβ40 formation rate constant was observed, compared with BACE1 inhibition. Both BACE1 and GS inhibition were predicted to lower Aβ oligomer levels. Further model refinement and new data may be helpful to fully understand the difference in Aβ dynamics following BACE1 versus GS inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline M T van Maanen
- Division of Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands (E.M.T.v.M., M.D.); Leiden Experts on Advanced Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, Leiden, The Netherlands (E.M.T.v.M., T.J.v.S., M.J.A.); and Merck & Company, Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey (M.S.M., M.J.S., M.E.K., H.J.K., J.S.)
| | - Tamara J van Steeg
- Division of Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands (E.M.T.v.M., M.D.); Leiden Experts on Advanced Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, Leiden, The Netherlands (E.M.T.v.M., T.J.v.S., M.J.A.); and Merck & Company, Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey (M.S.M., M.J.S., M.E.K., H.J.K., J.S.)
| | - Maurice J Ahsman
- Division of Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands (E.M.T.v.M., M.D.); Leiden Experts on Advanced Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, Leiden, The Netherlands (E.M.T.v.M., T.J.v.S., M.J.A.); and Merck & Company, Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey (M.S.M., M.J.S., M.E.K., H.J.K., J.S.)
| | - Maria S Michener
- Division of Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands (E.M.T.v.M., M.D.); Leiden Experts on Advanced Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, Leiden, The Netherlands (E.M.T.v.M., T.J.v.S., M.J.A.); and Merck & Company, Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey (M.S.M., M.J.S., M.E.K., H.J.K., J.S.)
| | - Mary J Savage
- Division of Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands (E.M.T.v.M., M.D.); Leiden Experts on Advanced Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, Leiden, The Netherlands (E.M.T.v.M., T.J.v.S., M.J.A.); and Merck & Company, Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey (M.S.M., M.J.S., M.E.K., H.J.K., J.S.)
| | - Matthew E Kennedy
- Division of Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands (E.M.T.v.M., M.D.); Leiden Experts on Advanced Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, Leiden, The Netherlands (E.M.T.v.M., T.J.v.S., M.J.A.); and Merck & Company, Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey (M.S.M., M.J.S., M.E.K., H.J.K., J.S.)
| | - Huub Jan Kleijn
- Division of Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands (E.M.T.v.M., M.D.); Leiden Experts on Advanced Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, Leiden, The Netherlands (E.M.T.v.M., T.J.v.S., M.J.A.); and Merck & Company, Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey (M.S.M., M.J.S., M.E.K., H.J.K., J.S.)
| | - Julie Stone
- Division of Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands (E.M.T.v.M., M.D.); Leiden Experts on Advanced Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, Leiden, The Netherlands (E.M.T.v.M., T.J.v.S., M.J.A.); and Merck & Company, Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey (M.S.M., M.J.S., M.E.K., H.J.K., J.S.)
| | - Meindert Danhof
- Division of Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands (E.M.T.v.M., M.D.); Leiden Experts on Advanced Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, Leiden, The Netherlands (E.M.T.v.M., T.J.v.S., M.J.A.); and Merck & Company, Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey (M.S.M., M.J.S., M.E.K., H.J.K., J.S.)
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Hong-Qi Y, Zhi-Kun S, Sheng-Di C. Current advances in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease: focused on considerations targeting Aβ and tau. Transl Neurodegener 2012; 1:21. [PMID: 23210837 PMCID: PMC3514124 DOI: 10.1186/2047-9158-1-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 10/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that impairs mainly the memory and cognitive function in elderly. Extracellular beta amyloid deposition and intracellular tau hyperphosphorylation are the two pathological events that are thought to cause neuronal dysfunction in AD. Since the detailed mechanisms that underlie the pathogenesis of AD are still not clear, the current treatments are those drugs that can alleviate the symptoms of AD patients. Recent studies have indicated that these symptom-reliving drugs also have the ability of regulating amyloid precursor protein processing and tau phosphorylation. Thus the pharmacological mechanism of these drugs may be too simply-evaluated. This review summarizes the current status of AD therapy and some potential preclinical considerations that target beta amyloid and tau protein are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Hong-Qi
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou , Henan Province, 450003, People's Republic of China
| | - Sun Zhi-Kun
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou , Henan Province, 450003, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Sheng-Di
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
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Chang L, Jiang H, Fu J, Liu B, Li CC, Yang Z. Synthesizing the Tetracyclic Core of Nanolobatolide. J Org Chem 2012; 77:3609-14. [PMID: 22414060 DOI: 10.1021/jo300039q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Le Chang
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics,
School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055,
China
| | - Hao Jiang
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics,
School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055,
China
| | - Junkai Fu
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics,
School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055,
China
| | - Bin Liu
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics,
School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055,
China
| | - Chuang-chuang Li
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics,
School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055,
China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics,
School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055,
China
- Key Laboratory of
Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education,
and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), Peking-Tsinghua
Center for Life Sciences at College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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Quiroz YT, Ally BA, Celone K, McKeever J, Ruiz-Rizzo AL, Lopera F, Stern CE, Budson AE. Event-related potential markers of brain changes in preclinical familial Alzheimer disease. Neurology 2011; 77:469-75. [PMID: 21775732 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0b013e318227b1b0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Event-related potentials (ERPs) can reflect differences in brain electrophysiology underlying cognitive functions in brain disorders such as dementia and mild cognitive impairment. To identify individuals at risk for Alzheimer disease (AD) we used high-density ERPs to examine brain physiology in young presymptomatic individuals (average age 34.2 years) who carry the E280A mutation in the presenilin-1 (PSEN1) gene and will go on to develop AD around the age of 45. METHODS Twenty-one subjects from a Colombian population with familial AD participated: 10 presymptomatic subjects positive for the PSEN1 mutation (carriers) and 11 siblings without the mutation (controls). Subjects performed a visual recognition memory test while 128-channel ERPs were recorded. RESULTS Despite identical behavioral performance, PSEN1 mutation carriers showed less positivity in frontal regions and more positivity in occipital regions, compared to controls. These differences were more pronounced during the 200-300 msec period. Discriminant analysis at this time interval showed promising sensitivity (72.7%) and specificity (81.8%) of the ERP measures to predict the presence of AD pathology. CONCLUSIONS Presymptomatic PSEN1 mutation carriers show changes in brain physiology that can be detected by high-density ERPs. The relative differences observed showing greater frontal positivity in controls and greater occipital positivity in carriers indicates that control subjects may use frontally mediated processes to distinguish between studied and unstudied visual items, whereas carriers appear to rely more upon perceptual details of the items to distinguish between them. These findings also demonstrate the potential usefulness of ERP brain correlates as preclinical markers of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y T Quiroz
- Center for Memory and Brain, Psychology Department, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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Haberstroh J, Hampel H, Pantel J. Optimal management of Alzheimer's disease patients: Clinical guidelines and family advice. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2010; 6:243-53. [PMID: 20520788 PMCID: PMC2877606 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s7106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Family members provide most of the patient care and administer most of the treatments to patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Family caregivers have an important impact on clinical outcomes, such as quality of life (QoL). As a consequence of this service, family caregivers suffer high rates of psychological and physical illness as well as social and financial burdens. Hence, it is important to involve family caregivers in multimodal treatment settings and provide interventions that are both suitable and specifically tailored to their needs. In recent years, several clinical guidelines have been presented worldwide for evidence-based treatment of AD and other forms of dementia. Most of these guidelines have considered family advice as integral to the optimal clinical management of AD. This article reviews current and internationally relevant guidelines with emphasis on recommendations concerning family advice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Haberstroh
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine & Psychotherapy, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt, a.M., Germany
| | - Harald Hampel
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine & Psychotherapy, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt, a.M., Germany
| | - Johannes Pantel
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine & Psychotherapy, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt, a.M., Germany
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Calciano MA, Zhou W, Snyder PJ, Einstein R. Drug treatment of Alzheimer's disease patients leads to expression changes in peripheral blood cells. Alzheimers Dement 2010; 6:386-93. [PMID: 20185375 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2009.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2009] [Revised: 12/10/2009] [Accepted: 12/14/2009] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing cholinergic activity has been the primary mechanism for treating dementia due to Alzheimer's disease. However, the effectiveness of cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs) is still widely debated. The identification of specific biomarkers capable of identifying patients more likely to respond to these treatments could potentially provide specific evidence to clearly address this controversy through patient stratification. The goal of this study was to determine the feasibility of discovering biomarkers specific for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. METHODS Peripheral blood was collected from a cohort of patients treated with different ChEIs. Total RNA was isolated and profiled on the human Genome-Wide SpliceArray (GWSA) to test the feasibility of discriminating the different treatment subgroups of subjects based on the expression patterns generated from the Genome-Wide SpliceArray. RESULTS Specific expression differences were identified for the various treatment groups that lead to a clear separation between patients treated with ChEIs versus naïve patients when Principal Component Analysis was performed on probe sets selected for differential expression. In addition, specific probe sets were identified to be dependent on the inhibitor used among the treated patients. CONCLUSIONS Distinct separation between non-treated, galantamine, donepezil, and rivastigmine-treated patients was clearly identified based on small sets of expression probes. The ability to identify drug-specific treatment expression differences strengthens the potential for using peripheral gene signatures for the identification of individuals responding to drug treatment.
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