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Kwon S, Han KD, Jung JH, Cho EB, Chung YH, Park J, Choi HL, Jeon HJ, Shin DW, Min JH. Risk of depression and anxiety in multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder: A nationwide cohort study in South Korea. Mult Scler 2024; 30:714-725. [PMID: 38561953 DOI: 10.1177/13524585241237093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated the risks of depression/anxiety in patients with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) or patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (pwNMOSD). OBJECTIVES MS/NMOSD cohorts were collected from Korean National Health Insurance Service, using the International Classification of Diseases-10th and information on Rare Intractable Disease program. Patients who were younger than 20 years, had a previous depression/anxiety, or died in the index year were excluded. METHODS Hazard ratios (HRs) of depression/anxiety in pwMS and pwNMOSD from controls matched 1:5 for age, sex, hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia were calculated using Cox regressions with a 1-year lag period and estimated over time. RESULTS During a mean follow-up of 4.1 years, adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) for depression were 3.25 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.59-4.07) in MS and 2.17 (1.70-2.76) in NMOSD, and aHRs for anxiety were 1.83 (1.49-2.23) in MS and 1.56 (1.26-1.91) in NMOSD. The risks of anxiety/depression did not differ between MS and NMOSD and were highest in the second year after diagnosis of MS/NMOSD. The relative risk of depression was higher in younger pwMS/pwNMOSD, and the relative risk of anxiety was higher in pwMS who was male, had low income, or lived in a non-urban area. CONCLUSION The risk of depression and anxiety was increased in pwMS/pwNMOSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soonwook Kwon
- Department of Neurology, Inha University Hospital, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Do Han
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin Hyung Jung
- Department of Biostatistics, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun Bin Cho
- Department of Neurology, Gyeongsang Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
- Department of Neurology, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, South Korea
| | - Yeon Hak Chung
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Junhee Park
- Department of Family Medicine and Supportive Care Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hea Lim Choi
- Department of Family Medicine and Supportive Care Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Clinical Research Design and Evaluation, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hong Jin Jeon
- Department of Clinical Research Design and Evaluation, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
- Depression Center, Department of Psychiatry, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Wook Shin
- Department of Family Medicine and Supportive Care Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Clinical Research Design and Evaluation and Department of Digital Health, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ju-Hong Min
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Neuroscience Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South KoreaYeon Hak Chung is currently affiliated to Department of Neurology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Lo Buono V, Corallo F, Bonanno L, Pria D, Di Cara M, Palmeri R, D'Aleo G, Rifici C, Sessa E, Marino S, De Cola MC. Psychological symptoms in Multiple Sclerosis and the role of marital status: results from a retrospective single-center study. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2023; 79:105051. [PMID: 37820445 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2023.105051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Married people have, on average, better mental health than no married people. Psychological symptoms as anxiety and depression occur frequently in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), increasing the severity of neurologic disability. The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate the relationship between functional disability and psychological symptoms differentiating by marital status. METHODS In this study 150 MS outpatients without a history of psychological disorders were selected from the hospital database. The outpatient procedure for all patients includes the administration of the Expanded Disability Status Scale and the questionnaire Symptoms Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R) a multidimensional self-report inventory, consisting of 90 items covering nine clinical dimensions: somatization (SOM), obsessive-compulsive (OC), interpersonal sensitivity (IS), depression (DEP), anxiety (ANX), hostility (HOS), phobic anxiety (PHOB), paranoid ideation (PAR), psychoticism (PSY), and three global indices of distress: global severity index (GSI), positive symptoms total (PST) and positive symptom distress index (PSDI). According to marital status, subjects were subdivided in single, married (including cohabitants), and divorced (including separated). A nonparametric group comparisons analysis was performed, as well as multivariate analysis which included generalized linear regression models. RESULTS Regression results showed that functional disability was a significant predictor for all SCL- 90-R subscales. Moreover, it would seem that the single condition might be a protective factor for the development of psychological symptoms in SM patients. Notably, findings showed that younger subjects were predominantly single and had less psychological symptoms, whereas patients with greater psychological alterations were older in a stable affective couple relationship, presenting an elevation in depression, anxiety, somatization and compulsive, and obsessive scales. CONCLUSION Numerous factors contribute to the onset of psychological disorders in multiple sclerosis. Marriage does not represent a protective factor for the development of psychological symptoms in SM patients. Future investigation is needed to ascertain the prevalence and underlying causes of psychological symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lilla Bonanno
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo, Messina, Italy
| | - Deborah Pria
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo, Messina, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Edoardo Sessa
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo, Messina, Italy
| | - Silvia Marino
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo, Messina, Italy
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Cao Y, Ji S, Chen Y, Zhang X, Ding G, Tang F. Association between autoimmune diseases of the nervous system and schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. Compr Psychiatry 2023; 122:152370. [PMID: 36709559 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2023.152370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Numerous studies have found an association between autoimmune diseases of the nervous system (ADNS) and schizophrenia (SCZ), but the findings remain controversial. We conducted the first meta-analysis to summarize the current evidence from cohort studies that evaluated the association between ADNS and SCZ. METHODS PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase were comprehensively searched until May 30, 2022 for articles on the association between ADNS and SCZ. Every included study was reported effect size with 95% CIs for the association between ADNS and SCZ. Meta-regression and subgroup analysis were used to assess the heterogeneity. RESULTS A total of 8 cohort studies with 12 cohorts were included in the meta-analysis. We observed a significant association between ADNS and SCZ (RR = 1.42; 95%CI, 1.18-1.72). Subgroup analysis showed that the risk of SCZ was significantly increased when ADNS were used as exposure factors (RR = 1.48; 95%CI, 1.15-1.89), whereas with SCZ did not observe an increased risk of subsequent ADNS (RR = 1.33; 95%CI, 0.92-1.92); multiple sclerosis (MS) was positively associated with SCZ (RR = 1.36; 95%CI, 1.12-1.66), but no significant association was found between Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) and SCZ (RR = 1.90; 95%CI, 0.87-4.17). Meanwhile, we found location was the source of heterogeneity. LIMITATIONS High heterogeneity was observed (I2 = 92.0%), and only English literature was included in the meta-analysis. CONCLUSIONS We found a positive association between ADNS and SCZ, and the association was different across the different types of ADNS. The results of the study are helpful for clinicians to carry out targeted preventive measures for ADNS and SCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiting Cao
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Institute of Neuroimmunology, Jinan, China
| | - Shuang Ji
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Institute of Neuroimmunology, Jinan, China
| | - Yujiao Chen
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Institute of Neuroimmunology, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoshuai Zhang
- School of Statistics and Mathematics, Shandong University of Finance and Economics, Jinan, China
| | - Guoyong Ding
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Fang Tang
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Institute of Neuroimmunology, Jinan, China; Center for Big Data Research in Health and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China; Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
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Early Successful Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) Therapy for Verbal Memory Impairment in an Adjustment Disorder: A Case Report in a Newly-Diagnosed Multiple Sclerosis Patient. REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/reports5020017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the immune system affecting the central nervous system. Several phenotypes are possible, and cases usually present with a relapsing-remitting (RR) course with disease onset at a young age. MS diagnosis can represent a traumatic event for the patient, possibly evolving into adjustment disorder (AD). AD is defined by the presence of emotional or behavioral symptoms in response to identifiable stress occurring within the prior three months and similarly to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can significantly affect quality of life. Usually, neuropsychological disorders are not associated with AD. Several treatments are available for AD, and among them, eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is one of the most effective in relieving depression and anxiety. However, little is known about AD and PTSD in the MS population and no data are available on the effectiveness of EMDR for cognitive impairment associated with AD. We describe a 25-year-old patient with RR MS developing an AD with a verbal memory deficit after being diagnosed. Both the psychological and cognitive deficits were diagnosed using an extensive neuropsychological battery. Considering the high impact of the verbal memory deficit, on the patient’s quality of life, an EMDR intervention was planned. After a six-month EMDR intervention performed by two trained neuropsychologists, the patient was retested. There was an improvement in verbal memory tests and depression anxiety scales and the Dissociative Experiences Scale. It is recognized that emotional changes and psychiatric disorders, frequently affect MS patients at diagnosis. It is imperative to recognize this and promptly set a neuropsychological treatment. Moreover, we suggest checking cognition along with depression and anxiety. Finally, to our knowledge, this is the first report of AD with an isolated neuropsychological deficit (verbal memory) developed after the MS diagnosis and treated beneficially with e EMDR. More studies are needed to confirm the efficacy of EMDR in treating cognitive impairment associated with AD in MS patients.
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Wang X, Chang L, Tan Y, Qu Y, Shan J, Hashimoto K. (R)-ketamine ameliorates the progression of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice. Brain Res Bull 2021; 177:316-323. [PMID: 34688833 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated neurological disease that attacks the central nervous system, including spinal cord and brain. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is the most commonly used model for MS. Depression is the most prevalent comorbidity in MS patients. We previously demonstrated that (R)-ketamine would be a novel antidepressant without side effects of ketamine. This study was undertaken to investigate whether (R)-ketamine could attenuate disease progression in EAE mouse model. (R)-ketamine (10 mg/kg/day for 15 days) significantly attenuated the reduction of body weight in EAE model mice compared to saline-treated mice. Furthermore, (R)-ketamine ameliorated the clinical EAE scores compared to saline-treated mice. Moreover, (R)-ketamine significantly attenuated the marked increases in the pathological scores, microglial activation, and blood-brain barrier integrity in the spinal cord compared to saline-treated mice. In conclusion, the current study suggests that (R)-ketamine could ameliorate EAE clinical scores and pathological changes in the spinal cord of EAE mice. Therefore, it is likely that (R)-ketamine would be a new potential prophylactic drug for MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingming Wang
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Lijia Chang
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Yunfei Tan
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Youge Qu
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Jiajing Shan
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Kenji Hashimoto
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.
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Al-Falaki TA, Hamdan FB, Sheaheed NM. Assessment of cognitive functions in patients with multiple sclerosis. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY, PSYCHIATRY AND NEUROSURGERY 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s41983-021-00383-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
About 40–70% of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) develop cognitive impairment (CI) throughout their life. We aim to study the influence of MS on cognitive changes. This is a case–control study of fifty patients with MS who met the revised 2017 Mc Donald Criteria and fifty age- and sex-matched healthy subjects. The Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) was used to assess the degree of disability, and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scoring system was used to assess cognitive function.
Results
MS patients show low total MoCA score than the controls. Total MoCA scores were lower in patients with CI versus those with intact cognition. CI was higher in those with a longer duration of illness and a high EDSS. MoCA was positively correlated with education level but negatively with EDSS and disease duration.
Conclusion
MoCA scale has optimal psychometric properties for routine clinical use in patients with MS, even in those with mild functional disability. The longer the disease duration and the higher the EDSS, the lower the MoCA score and the higher the education level, the higher the MoCA score. As for the profile of cognitive dysfunction in patients with MS, the domains most frequently failed by the patients were memory, attention, visuospatial learning, and language.
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