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Kennedy C, O'Shea R, De Ranieri D. Physical Therapy Interventions and Outcome Measures for a Patient Diagnosed with Anti-NMDA Receptor Encephalitis. Pediatr Ann 2021; 50:e437-e443. [PMID: 34617842 DOI: 10.3928/19382359-20210917-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor encephalitis is the most common cause of autoimmune encephalitis after acute demyelinating encephalitis. Patients usually present with acute behavioral changes, psychosis, and abnormal limb movements and can also present with symptoms of catatonia. Treatment typically consists of an immunotherapy protocol consisting of intravenous immunoglobulin, corticosteroids, and plasmapheresis. This article describes the medical treatment, physical therapy (PT) interventions, and outcomes of a 16-year-old patient with anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis with malignant catatonia. Using PT interventions such as bed mobility, transfer, and gait training, and parent education initially, and progressing to balance re-education and age-appropriate functional tasks the patient was able to progress and be discharged to home with family with a recommendation for continued PT treatment in the outpatient setting. [Pediatr Ann. 2021;50(10):e437-e443.].
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McKeon GL, Robinson GA, Ryan AE, Blum S, Gillis D, Finke C, Scott JG. Cognitive outcomes following anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis: A systematic review. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2017; 40:234-252. [DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2017.1329408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gemma L. McKeon
- The University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR), Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital (RBWH), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Child and Youth Mental Health Group, Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research (QCMHR), The Park–Centre for Mental Health, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland (UQ), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Gail A. Robinson
- The University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR), Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital (RBWH), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland (UQ), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Alexander E. Ryan
- The University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR), Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital (RBWH), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Child and Youth Mental Health Group, Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research (QCMHR), The Park–Centre for Mental Health, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Stefan Blum
- The University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR), Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital (RBWH), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Neurosciences Department, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - David Gillis
- Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital (RBWH), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Pathology Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Carsten Finke
- Department of Neurology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - James G. Scott
- The University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR), Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital (RBWH), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Child and Youth Mental Health Group, Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research (QCMHR), The Park–Centre for Mental Health, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Metro North Mental Health, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital (RBWH), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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