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Nasir A, Rehman MU, Khan T, Husn M, Khan M, Khan A, Nuh AM, Jiang W, Farooqi HMU, Bai Q. Advances in nanotechnology-assisted photodynamic therapy for neurological disorders: a comprehensive review. ARTIFICIAL CELLS, NANOMEDICINE, AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 52:84-103. [PMID: 38235991 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2024.2304814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Neurological disorders such as neurodegenerative diseases and nervous system tumours affect more than one billion people throughout the globe. The physiological sensitivity of the nervous tissue limits the application of invasive therapies and leads to poor treatment and prognosis. One promising solution that has generated attention is Photodynamic therapy (PDT), which can potentially revolutionise the treatment landscape for neurological disorders. PDT attracted substantial recognition for anticancer efficacy and drug conjugation for targeted drug delivery. This review thoroughly explained the basic principles of PDT, scientific interventions and advances in PDT, and their complicated mechanism in treating brain-related pathologies. Furthermore, the merits and demerits of PDT in the context of neurological disorders offer a well-rounded perspective on its feasibility and challenges. In conclusion, this review encapsulates the significant potential of PDT in transforming the treatment landscape for neurological disorders, emphasising its role as a non-invasive, targeted therapeutic approach with multifaceted applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Nasir
- Medical Research Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mujeeb Ur Rehman
- Department of Zoology, Islamia College University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Tamreez Khan
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Mansoor Husn
- Department of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Manzar Khan
- Department of Zoology, Hazara University Mansehra, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Ahmad Khan
- Department of Psychology, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Abdifatah Mohamed Nuh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Medical Research Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | | | - Qain Bai
- Medical Research Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Kale MB, Bhondge HM, Wankhede NL, Shende PV, Thanekaer RP, Aglawe MM, Rahangdale SR, Taksande BG, Pandit SB, Upaganlawar AB, Umekar MJ, Kopalli SR, Koppula S. Navigating the intersection: Diabetes and Alzheimer's intertwined relationship. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 100:102415. [PMID: 39002642 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Diabetes mellitus (DM) exhibit comparable pathophysiological pathways. Genetic abnormalities in APP, PS-1, and PS-2 are linked to AD, with diagnostic aid from CSF and blood biomarkers. Insulin dysfunction, termed "type 3 diabetes mellitus" in AD, involves altered insulin signalling and neuronal shrinkage. Insulin influences beta-amyloid metabolism, exacerbating neurotoxicity in AD and amyloid production in DM. Both disorders display impaired glucose transporter expression, hastening cognitive decline. Mitochondrial dysfunction and Toll-like receptor 4-mediated inflammation worsen neurodegeneration in both diseases. ApoE4 raises disease risk, especially when coupled with dyslipidemia common in DM. Targeting shared pathways like insulin-degrading enzyme activation and HSP60 holds promise for therapeutic intervention. Recognizing these interconnected mechanisms underscores the imperative for developing tailored treatments addressing the overlapping pathophysiology of AD and DM, offering potential avenues for more effective management of both conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayur B Kale
- Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Kamptee, Nagpur, Maharashtra 441002, India
| | | | - Nitu L Wankhede
- Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Kamptee, Nagpur, Maharashtra 441002, India
| | - Prajwali V Shende
- Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Kamptee, Nagpur, Maharashtra 441002, India
| | - Rushikesh P Thanekaer
- Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Kamptee, Nagpur, Maharashtra 441002, India
| | - Manish M Aglawe
- Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Kamptee, Nagpur, Maharashtra 441002, India
| | - Sandip R Rahangdale
- Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Kamptee, Nagpur, Maharashtra 441002, India
| | - Brijesh G Taksande
- Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Kamptee, Nagpur, Maharashtra 441002, India
| | - Sunil B Pandit
- SNJB's Shriman Sureshdada Jain College of Pharmacy, Neminagar, Chandwad, Nashik, Maharashtra, India
| | - Aman B Upaganlawar
- SNJB's Shriman Sureshdada Jain College of Pharmacy, Neminagar, Chandwad, Nashik, Maharashtra, India
| | - Milind J Umekar
- Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Kamptee, Nagpur, Maharashtra 441002, India
| | - Spandana Rajendra Kopalli
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Sushruta Koppula
- College of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Konkuk University, Chungju-Si, Chungcheongbuk Do 27478, Republic of Korea.
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Ton Loy AF, Adler JS, Merritt VC, Sorg SF, Bondi MW, Delano-Wood L. APOE×BDNF Interaction and Poorer Cognitive Outcomes Among Veterans With Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: An Exploratory Study. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 2024:appineuropsych20230119. [PMID: 38988190 DOI: 10.1176/appi.neuropsych.20230119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The authors examined the interaction between apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val66Met alleles on neuropsychological functioning among veterans with histories of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). METHODS Participants were 78 veterans with mTBI (85% males; mean±SD age=32.95±7.00 years; mean time since injury=67.97±34.98 months) who completed a structured clinical interview and underwent a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment. Participants also provided a buccal swab for determination of their APOE and BDNF genotypes. Three cognitive composite scores were calculated from the neuropsychological assessment, reflecting visuospatial speed (seven variables), executive functioning (10 variables), and memory (eight variables). Two-way analyses of covariance (ANCOVAs) adjusted for age, sex, and race-ethnicity were used to assess the effects of APOE (ε4+ vs. ε4-) and BDNF (Met+ vs. Met-) on cognitive functioning. RESULTS ANCOVAs revealed no significant main effects of APOE or BDNF genotypes on cognitive functioning; however, there was a significant APOE-by-BDNF genotype interaction for all three cognitive composite measures (visuospatial speed: ηp2=0.055; executive functioning: ηp2=0.064; and memory: ηp2=0.068). Specifically, the ε4+/Met+ (N=8) subgroup demonstrated the poorest cognitive functioning relative to all other allele subgroups (ε4+/Met-: N=12, ε4-/Met+: N=23, and ε4-/Met-: N=35). CONCLUSIONS This exploratory study is the first to show that, compared with other allele subgroups assessed, veterans with both ε4 and Met alleles demonstrated the poorest cognitive functioning across several cognitive domains known to be negatively affected in the context of mTBI. Further research with larger sample sizes is needed to replicate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adan F Ton Loy
- Research and Psychology Services (Ton Loy, Adler, Merritt, Bondi, Delano-Wood) and Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health (Merritt, Delano-Wood), Veterans Affairs (VA) San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego; Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (Merritt, Bondi, Delano-Wood); Home Base, a Red Sox Foundation and Massachusetts General Hospital Program, Boston, and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Sorg)
| | - Jennifer S Adler
- Research and Psychology Services (Ton Loy, Adler, Merritt, Bondi, Delano-Wood) and Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health (Merritt, Delano-Wood), Veterans Affairs (VA) San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego; Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (Merritt, Bondi, Delano-Wood); Home Base, a Red Sox Foundation and Massachusetts General Hospital Program, Boston, and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Sorg)
| | - Victoria C Merritt
- Research and Psychology Services (Ton Loy, Adler, Merritt, Bondi, Delano-Wood) and Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health (Merritt, Delano-Wood), Veterans Affairs (VA) San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego; Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (Merritt, Bondi, Delano-Wood); Home Base, a Red Sox Foundation and Massachusetts General Hospital Program, Boston, and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Sorg)
| | - Scott F Sorg
- Research and Psychology Services (Ton Loy, Adler, Merritt, Bondi, Delano-Wood) and Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health (Merritt, Delano-Wood), Veterans Affairs (VA) San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego; Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (Merritt, Bondi, Delano-Wood); Home Base, a Red Sox Foundation and Massachusetts General Hospital Program, Boston, and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Sorg)
| | - Mark W Bondi
- Research and Psychology Services (Ton Loy, Adler, Merritt, Bondi, Delano-Wood) and Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health (Merritt, Delano-Wood), Veterans Affairs (VA) San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego; Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (Merritt, Bondi, Delano-Wood); Home Base, a Red Sox Foundation and Massachusetts General Hospital Program, Boston, and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Sorg)
| | - Lisa Delano-Wood
- Research and Psychology Services (Ton Loy, Adler, Merritt, Bondi, Delano-Wood) and Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health (Merritt, Delano-Wood), Veterans Affairs (VA) San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego; Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (Merritt, Bondi, Delano-Wood); Home Base, a Red Sox Foundation and Massachusetts General Hospital Program, Boston, and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Sorg)
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Palir N, Stajnko A, Mazej D, France Štiglic A, Rosolen V, Mariuz M, Ronfani L, Snoj Tratnik J, Runkel AA, Tursunova V, Marc J, Prpić I, Špirić Z, Barbone F, Horvat M, Falnoga I. Maternal APOE ε2 as a possible risk factor for elevated prenatal Pb levels. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 260:119583. [PMID: 38992759 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is a global contaminant associated with multiple adverse health effects. Humans are especially vulnerable during critical developmental stages. During pregnancy, exposure to Pb can occur through diet and release from maternal bones. Apolipoprotein E gene (APOE) variants (ɛ2, ɛ3, ɛ4 alleles) may influence sex steroid hormones, bone metabolism, and Pb kinetics. We examined the interplay among maternal APOE (mAPOE) genotypes, fetal sex, parity, and Pb in maternal and cord blood (mB-Pb, CB-Pb) using linear regression models. Our study involved 817 pregnant women and 772 newborns with measured adequate levels of zinc and selenium. We compared carriers of the ε2 and ε4 alleles to those with the ε3/ε3 genotype. The geometric means (range) of mB-Pb and CB-Pb were 11.1 (3.58-87.6) and 9.31 (1.82-47.0) ng/g, respectively. In cases with female fetuses, the maternal mAPOE ε2 allele was associated with higher, while the mAPOE ε4 allele was associated with lower mB-Pb and CB-Pb levels. Nulliparity increased the strength of the observed associations. These findings highlight the significance of mAPOE genetics, fetal sex, and parity in prenatal Pb kinetics. Notably, the maternal ε2 allele may increase the risk of Pb exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neža Palir
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Anja Stajnko
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Darja Mazej
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Alenka France Štiglic
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Valentina Rosolen
- Central Directorate for Health, Social Policies and Disability, Friuli Venezia Giulia Region, 34124, Trieste, Italy
| | - Marika Mariuz
- Central Directorate for Health, Social Policies and Disability, Friuli Venezia Giulia Region, 34124, Trieste, Italy
| | - Luca Ronfani
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", 34137, Trieste, Italy
| | - Janja Snoj Tratnik
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Agneta Annika Runkel
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Janja Marc
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Igor Prpić
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Centre Rijeka, 51000, Rijeka, Croatia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, 51000, Rijeka, Croatia
| | | | - Fabio Barbone
- Central Directorate for Health, Social Policies and Disability, Friuli Venezia Giulia Region, 34124, Trieste, Italy; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34129, Trieste, Italy
| | - Milena Horvat
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ingrid Falnoga
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Koivumäki M, Ekblad L, Lantero-Rodriguez J, Ashton NJ, Karikari TK, Helin S, Parkkola R, Lötjönen J, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Rinne JO, Snellman A. Blood biomarkers of neurodegeneration associate differently with amyloid deposition, medial temporal atrophy, and cerebrovascular changes in APOE ε4-enriched cognitively unimpaired elderly. Alzheimers Res Ther 2024; 16:112. [PMID: 38762725 PMCID: PMC11102270 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-024-01477-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques, neurofibrillary tau tangles, and neurodegeneration in the brain parenchyma. Here, we aimed to (i) assess differences in blood and imaging biomarkers used to evaluate neurodegeneration among cognitively unimpaired APOE ε4 homozygotes, heterozygotes, and non-carriers with varying risk for sporadic AD, and (ii) to determine how different cerebral pathologies (i.e., Aβ deposition, medial temporal atrophy, and cerebrovascular pathology) contribute to blood biomarker concentrations in this sample. METHODS Sixty APOE ε4 homozygotes (n = 19), heterozygotes (n = 21), and non-carriers (n = 20) ranging from 60 to 75 years, were recruited in collaboration with Auria biobank (Turku, Finland). Participants underwent Aβ-PET ([11C]PiB), structural brain MRI including T1-weighted and T2-FLAIR sequences, and blood sampling for measuring serum neurofilament light chain (NfL), plasma total tau (t-tau), plasma N-terminal tau fragments (NTA-tau) and plasma glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). [11C]PiB standardized uptake value ratio was calculated for regions typical for Aβ accumulation in AD. MRI images were analysed for regional volumes, atrophy scores, and volumes of white matter hyperintensities. Differences in biomarker levels and associations between blood and imaging biomarkers were tested using uni- and multivariable linear models (unadjusted and adjusted for age and sex). RESULTS Serum NfL concentration was increased in APOE ε4 homozygotes compared with non-carriers (mean 21.4 pg/ml (SD 9.5) vs. 15.5 pg/ml (3.8), p = 0.013), whereas other blood biomarkers did not differ between the groups (p > 0.077 for all). From imaging biomarkers, hippocampal volume was significantly decreased in APOE ε4 homozygotes compared with non-carriers (6.71 ml (0.86) vs. 7.2 ml (0.7), p = 0.029). In the whole sample, blood biomarker levels were differently predicted by the three measured cerebral pathologies; serum NfL concentration was associated with cerebrovascular pathology and medial temporal atrophy, while plasma NTA-tau associated with medial temporal atrophy. Plasma GFAP showed significant association with both medial temporal atrophy and Aβ pathology. Plasma t-tau concentration did not associate with any of the measured pathologies. CONCLUSIONS Only increased serum NfL concentrations and decreased hippocampal volume was observed in cognitively unimpaired APOEε4 homozygotes compared to non-carriers. In the whole population the concentrations of blood biomarkers were affected in distinct ways by different pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikko Koivumäki
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
| | - Laura Ekblad
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Juan Lantero-Rodriguez
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience & Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Nicholas J Ashton
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience & Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Centre for Age-Related Medicine, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, King's College London, London, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health & Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia at South London & Maudsley NHS Foundation, London, UK
| | - Thomas K Karikari
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience & Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Semi Helin
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Riitta Parkkola
- Department of Radiology, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience & Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong, China
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience & Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Juha O Rinne
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Anniina Snellman
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience & Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
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Albadrani HM, Chauhan P, Ashique S, Babu MA, Iqbal D, Almutary AG, Abomughaid MM, Kamal M, Paiva-Santos AC, Alsaweed M, Hamed M, Sachdeva P, Dewanjee S, Jha SK, Ojha S, Slama P, Jha NK. Mechanistic insights into the potential role of dietary polyphenols and their nanoformulation in the management of Alzheimer's disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 174:116376. [PMID: 38508080 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a very common neurodegenerative disorder associated with memory loss and a progressive decline in cognitive activity. The two major pathophysiological factors responsible for AD are amyloid plaques (comprising amyloid-beta aggregates) and neurofibrillary tangles (consisting of hyperphosphorylated tau protein). Polyphenols, a class of naturally occurring compounds, are immensely beneficial for the treatment or management of various disorders and illnesses. Naturally occurring sources of polyphenols include plants and plant-based foods, such as fruits, herbs, tea, vegetables, coffee, red wine, and dark chocolate. Polyphenols have unique properties, such as being the major source of anti-oxidants and possessing anti-aging and anti-cancerous properties. Currently, dietary polyphenols have become a potential therapeutic approach for the management of AD, depending on various research findings. Dietary polyphenols can be an effective strategy to tackle multifactorial events that occur with AD. For instance, naturally occurring polyphenols have been reported to exhibit neuroprotection by modulating the Aβ biogenesis pathway in AD. Many nanoformulations have been established to enhance the bioavailability of polyphenols, with nanonization being the most promising. This review comprehensively provides mechanistic insights into the neuroprotective potential of dietary polyphenols in treating AD. It also reviews the usability of dietary polyphenol as nanoformulation for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hind Muteb Albadrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Eastern Province 34212, Saudi Arabia
| | - Payal Chauhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanad University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001, India
| | - Sumel Ashique
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bengal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Research, Durgapur 713212, West Bengal, India
| | - M Arockia Babu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, India
| | - Danish Iqbal
- Department of Health Information Management, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Buraydah Private Colleges, Buraydah 51418, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmajeed G Almutary
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mosleh Mohammad Abomughaid
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mehnaz Kamal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ana Cláudia Paiva-Santos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mohammed Alsaweed
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Munerah Hamed
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Saikat Dewanjee
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Saurabh Kumar Jha
- Department of Zoology, Kalindi College, University of Delhi, 110008, India
| | - Shreesh Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Petr Slama
- Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Centre for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India; Centre of Research Impact and Outcome, Chitkara University, Rajpura- 140401, Punjab, India.; School of Bioengineering & Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India; Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied & Life Sciences (SALS), Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India.
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7
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Darabi N, Mashayekhy M, Borjian Boroujeni P, Mohtasebi P, Rokhsat Talab Z, Zamanian MR. APOE-E4 allele as a potential marker for implantation failure: A comparison between fertile women, ART success and RIF patients. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2024. [PMID: 38619378 DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.15537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Apolipoprotein E (APOE) is the most important precursor for the production of steroid hormones and is also involved in regulating the function of steroid hormones, hence playing a significant role in reproductive processes. So, APOE gene expression may be correlated with the implantation process. This study tries to make a better clarification of the correlation between APOE gene polymorphisms and recurrent implantation failure (RIF), where we compared the frequency of APOE polymorphisms in RIF patients, assisted reproductive treatment (ART) success cases and fertile women. METHOD In all, 100 women with successful ART who got pregnant (fetal heart rate positive) in their first or second cycle of in vitro fertilization or intracytoplasmic sperm injection, 100 infertile RIF cases, and 100 normal fertile control cases with at least one live birth were included in present study. Following DNA extraction, genotypes were determined through polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method using HhaI restriction enzyme. Finally, statistical analysis was performed by chi-squared (χ2) test in SPSS software (P < 0.05). RESULTS The RIF group showed significantly higher frequency for E3/E4 genotype (29%) compared with the other two control groups (fertile = 15%, ART success [ART+] = 13%) (P = 0.007). There was also a significantly higher frequency of the E4 allele in the RIF group (14.5%) compared with both of the control groups (fertile = 7.5%, ART+ = 6.5%) (P = 0.018). CONCLUSION APOE4 is correlated with recurrent failure in the process of embryo implantation and, accordingly, it may potentially be considered a possible risk factor to the implantation process. The presence of E4 can be proposed as a predictive indicator in determining the results of assisted reproductive techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazanin Darabi
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology-Genetics, Faculty of Basic Sciences and Advanced Technologies in Biology, University of Science and Culture, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehri Mashayekhy
- Department of Endocrinology and Female Infertility, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parnaz Borjian Boroujeni
- Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parinaz Mohtasebi
- Department of Biology, Missouri State University, Springfield, Missouri, USA
| | - Zeinab Rokhsat Talab
- Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Zamanian
- Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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Li W, Ali T, He K, Zheng C, Li N, Yu Z, Li S. ApoE4 dysregulation incites depressive symptoms and mitochondrial impairments in mice. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18160. [PMID: 38506067 PMCID: PMC10951871 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E4 (ApoE4) is involved in the stress-response processes and is hypothesized to be a risk factor for depression by means of mitochondrial dysfunction. However, their exact roles and underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. ApoE4 transgenic mice (B6. Cg-ApoEtm1Unc Cdh18Tg( GFAP-APOE i4)1Hol /J) were subjected to stress (lipopolysaccharides, LPS) to elucidate the aetiology of ApoE4-induced depression. LPS treatment significantly aggravated depression-like behaviours, concurrent with neuroinflammation and impaired mitochondrial changes, and melatonin/Urolithin A (UA) + 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide 1-β-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) reversed these effects in ApoE4 mice. Concurrently, ApoE4 mice exhibited mitophagy deficits, which could be further exacerbated by LPS stimulation, as demonstrated by reduced Atg5, Beclin-1 and Parkin levels, while PINK1 levels were increased. However, these changes were reversed by melatonin treatment. Additionally, proteomic profiling suggested mitochondria-related signalling and network changes in ApoE4 mice, which may underlie the exaggerated response to LPS. Furthermore, HEK 293T cells transfected with ApoE4 showed mitochondria-associated protein and mitophagy defects, including PGC-1α, TFAM, p-AMPKα, PINK1 and LC3B impairments. Additionally, it aggravates mitochondrial impairment (particularly mitophagy), which can be attenuated by triggering autophagy. Collectively, ApoE4 dysregulation enhanced depressive behaviour upon LPS stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifen Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen HospitalShenzhen University School of MedicineShenzhenChina
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and BiotechnologyPeking University Shenzhen Graduate SchoolShenzhenChina
| | - Tahir Ali
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and BiotechnologyPeking University Shenzhen Graduate SchoolShenzhenChina
- Shenzhen Bay LaboratoryShenzhenChina
| | - Kaiwu He
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and BiotechnologyPeking University Shenzhen Graduate SchoolShenzhenChina
| | - Chengyou Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and BiotechnologyPeking University Shenzhen Graduate SchoolShenzhenChina
| | - Ningning Li
- Tomas Lindahl Nobel Laureate Laboratory, Precision Medicine Research CentreThe Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Zhi‐Jian Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen HospitalShenzhen University School of MedicineShenzhenChina
| | - Shupeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and BiotechnologyPeking University Shenzhen Graduate SchoolShenzhenChina
- Shenzhen Bay LaboratoryShenzhenChina
- Campbell Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental HealthTorontoOntarioCanada
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
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9
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Fahmy EM, Rabah AM, Hashem SE, Rashed LA, Deraz HA, Ismail RS. Serum Apo Lipoprotein E, Apo Lipoprotein E Gene Polymorphisms, and Parkinson's Disease. Neurol India 2024; 72:319-325. [PMID: 38691476 DOI: 10.4103/ni.ni_940_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A central role for apolipoprotein E (APOE) has been suggested in modulating processes of neurodegeneration. OBJECTIVE To study the association between serum APOE levels, APOE gene polymorphisms, and Parkinson's disease (PD). MATERIAL AND METHODS Fifty-five patients with PD and 30 healthy subjects were enrolled. PD patients were assessed using the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), Modified Hoehn and Yahr scale, and Schwab-England Activities of Daily Living scale. Serum APOE level and genotyping for APOE polymorphisms were done for PD patients and controls using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and polymerase chain reaction, respectively. RESULTS Mean serum APOE level was significantly higher in PD patients compared with healthy controls. APOE ε2/4 genotype was present in a significantly higher proportion of patients compared with controls. APOE ε4 allele was significantly associated with a higher score on the "mentation, behavior, and mood section" of UPDRS compared with ε2 allele. APOE ε2 allele was significantly associated with a shorter disease duration compared with ε3 and ε4 alleles. Mean serum APOE level was significantly higher in patients presenting predominantly by rigidity and bradykinesia compared with those presenting predominantly by tremors. Serum APOE level was positively correlated with mean scores of "mentation, behavior, and mood section" of UPDRS and disease duration. Serum APOE level was a significant predictor for the scores of "mentation, behavior, and mood section" of UPDRS. CONCLUSION APOE ε2/4 genotype might be a susceptibility variant for PD. There may be a possible role for APOE in modulating the process of neurodegeneration in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebtesam M Fahmy
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amany M Rabah
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Saher E Hashem
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Laila A Rashed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Heba A Deraz
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rania S Ismail
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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10
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Nystuen KL, McNamee SM, Akula M, Holton KM, DeAngelis MM, Haider NB. Alzheimer's Disease: Models and Molecular Mechanisms Informing Disease and Treatments. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:45. [PMID: 38247923 PMCID: PMC10813760 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11010045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disease resulting in progressive loss of memory, language and motor abilities caused by cortical and hippocampal degeneration. This review captures the landscape of understanding of AD pathology, diagnostics, and current therapies. Two major mechanisms direct AD pathology: (1) accumulation of amyloid β (Aβ) plaque and (2) tau-derived neurofibrillary tangles (NFT). The most common variants in the Aβ pathway in APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2 are largely responsible for early-onset AD (EOAD), while MAPT, APOE, TREM2 and ABCA7 have a modifying effect on late-onset AD (LOAD). More recent studies implicate chaperone proteins and Aβ degrading proteins in AD. Several tests, such as cognitive function, brain imaging, and cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) and blood tests, are used for AD diagnosis. Additionally, several biomarkers seem to have a unique AD specific combination of expression and could potentially be used in improved, less invasive diagnostics. In addition to genetic perturbations, environmental influences, such as altered gut microbiome signatures, affect AD. Effective AD treatments have been challenging to develop. Currently, there are several FDA approved drugs (cholinesterase inhibitors, Aß-targeting antibodies and an NMDA antagonist) that could mitigate AD rate of decline and symptoms of distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaden L. Nystuen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Shannon M. McNamee
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Monica Akula
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Kristina M. Holton
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Margaret M. DeAngelis
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Neena B. Haider
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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11
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Merritt VC, Maihofer AX, Gasperi M, Chanfreau-Coffinier C, Stein MB, Panizzon MS, Hauger RL, Logue MW, Delano-Wood L, Nievergelt CM. Genome-wide association study of traumatic brain injury in U.S. military veterans enrolled in the VA million veteran program. Mol Psychiatry 2023:10.1038/s41380-023-02304-8. [PMID: 37875548 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02304-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Large-scale genetic studies of traumatic brain injury (TBI) are lacking; thus, our understanding of the influence of genetic factors on TBI risk and recovery is incomplete. This study aimed to conduct a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of TBI in VA Million Veteran Program (MVP) enrollees. Participants included a multi-ancestry cohort (European, African, and Hispanic ancestries; N = 304,485; 111,494 TBI cases, 192,991 controls). TBI was assessed using MVP survey data and International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes from the Veterans Health Administration's electronic health record. GWAS was performed using logistic regression in PLINK, and meta-analyzed in METAL. FUMA was used for post-GWAS analysis. Genomic structural equation modeling (gSEM) was conducted to investigate underlying genetic associations with TBI, and bivariate MiXeR was used to estimate phenotype specific and shared polygenicity. SNP-based heritability was 0.060 (SE = 0.004, p = 7.83×10-66). GWAS analysis identified 15 genome-wide significant (GWS) loci at p < 5×10-8. Gene-based analyses revealed 14 gene-wide significant genes; top genes included NCAM1, APOE, FTO, and FOXP2. Gene tissue expression analysis identified the brain as significantly enriched, particularly in the frontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, and nucleus accumbens. Genetic correlations with TBI were significant for risk-taking behaviors and psychiatric disorders, but generally not significant for the neurocognitive variables investigated. gSEM analysis revealed stronger associations with risk-taking traits than with psychiatric traits. Finally, the genetic architecture of TBI was similar to polygenic psychiatric disorders. Neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease showed much less polygenicity, however, the proportion of shared variance with TBI was high. This first well-powered GWAS of TBI identified 15 loci including genes relevant to TBI biology, and showed that TBI is a heritable trait with comparable genetic architecture and high genetic correlation with psychiatric traits. Our findings set the stage for future TBI GWASs that focus on injury severity and diversity and chronicity of symptom sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria C Merritt
- VA San Diego Healthcare System (VASDHS), San Diego, CA, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, VASDHS, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - Adam X Maihofer
- VA San Diego Healthcare System (VASDHS), San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Marianna Gasperi
- VA San Diego Healthcare System (VASDHS), San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, VASDHS, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Murray B Stein
- VA San Diego Healthcare System (VASDHS), San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- School of Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Matthew S Panizzon
- VA San Diego Healthcare System (VASDHS), San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Richard L Hauger
- VA San Diego Healthcare System (VASDHS), San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, VASDHS, San Diego, CA, USA
- Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mark W Logue
- National Center for PTSD, Behavioral Sciences Division, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA, USA
- Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Biomedical Genetics, Boston, MA, USA
- Boston University School of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lisa Delano-Wood
- VA San Diego Healthcare System (VASDHS), San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, VASDHS, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Caroline M Nievergelt
- VA San Diego Healthcare System (VASDHS), San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, VASDHS, San Diego, CA, USA
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12
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Ciurleo GCV, Tavares-Júnior JWL, Vieira CMAG, Braga-Neto P, Oriá RB. Do APOE4 and long COVID-19 increase the risk for neurodegenerative diseases in adverse environments and poverty? Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1229073. [PMID: 37694114 PMCID: PMC10483995 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1229073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella C. V. Ciurleo
- Laboratory of the Biology of Tissue Healing, Ontogeny and Nutrition, Department of Morphology and Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - Carlos Meton A. G. Vieira
- Laboratory of the Biology of Tissue Healing, Ontogeny and Nutrition, Department of Morphology and Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Pedro Braga-Neto
- Neurology Division, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
- Health Sciences Center, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Reinaldo B. Oriá
- Laboratory of the Biology of Tissue Healing, Ontogeny and Nutrition, Department of Morphology and Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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13
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Piccarducci R, Giacomelli C, Bertilacchi MS, Benito-Martinez A, Di Giorgi N, Daniele S, Signore G, Rocchiccioli S, Vilar M, Marchetti L, Martini C. Apolipoprotein E ε4 triggers neurotoxicity via cholesterol accumulation, acetylcholine dyshomeostasis, and PKCε mislocalization in cholinergic neuronal cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023:166793. [PMID: 37336366 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
The Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) has been known to regulate cholesterol and β-amyloid (Aβ) production, redistribution, and elimination, in the central nervous system (CNS). The ApoE ε4 polymorphic variant leads to impaired brain cholesterol homeostasis and amyloidogenic pathway, thus representing the major risk factor for Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Currently, less is known about the molecular mechanisms connecting ApoE ε4-related cholesterol metabolism and cholinergic system degeneration, one of the main AD pathological features. Herein, in vitro cholinergic neuron models were developed in order to study ApoE neuronal expression and investigate the possible interplay between cholesterol metabolism and cholinergic pathway impairment prompted by ε4 isoform. Particularly, alterations specifically occurring in ApoE ε4-carrying neurons (i.e. increased intracellular ApoE, amyloid precursor protein (APP), and Aβ levels, elevated apoptosis, and reduced cell survival) were recapitulated. ApoE ε4 expression was found to increase intracellular cholesterol accumulation, by regulating the related gene expression, while reducing cholesterol precursor acetyl-CoA, which in turn fuels the acetylcholine (ACh) synthesis route. In parallel, although the ACh intracellular signalling was activated, as demonstrated by the boosted extracellular ACh as well as increased IP3 and Ca2+, the PKCε activation via membrane translocation was surprisingly suppressed, probably explained by the cholesterol overload in ApoE ε4 neuron-like cells. Consequently, the PKC-dependent anti-apoptotic and neuroprotective roles results impaired, reliably adding to other causes of cell death prompted by ApoE ε4. Overall, the obtained data open the way to further critical considerations of ApoE ε4-dependent cholesterol metabolism dysregulation in the alteration of cholinergic pathway, neurotoxicity, and neuronal death.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Andrea Benito-Martinez
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia-CSIC Spanish National Research Council, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Simona Daniele
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | - Marçal Vilar
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia-CSIC Spanish National Research Council, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Laura Marchetti
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Claudia Martini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
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14
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Ghosh S, Rihan M, Ahmed S, Pande AH, Sharma SS. Immunomodulatory potential of apolipoproteins and their mimetic peptides in asthma: Current perspective. Respir Med 2022; 204:107007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2022.107007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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15
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Pitts KM, Neeson CE, Hall NE, Lin JB, Falah HK, Wang SL, Lo KT, Song CE, Margeta MA, Solá-Del Valle DA. Neurodegeneration Markers Galectin-3 and Apolipoprotein E Are Elevated in the Aqueous Humor of Eyes With Glaucoma. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2022; 11:1. [DOI: 10.1167/tvst.11.11.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kristen M. Pitts
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cameron E. Neeson
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nathan E. Hall
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan B. Lin
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Henisk K. Falah
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Silas L. Wang
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kristine T. Lo
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christian E. Song
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Milica A. Margeta
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David A. Solá-Del Valle
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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16
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Bagaria J, Moon Y, Bagyinszky E, Shim KH, An SSA, Kim S, Han SH. Whole Exome Sequencing Reveals a Novel APOE Mutation in a Patient With Sporadic Early-Onset Alzheimer's Disease. Front Neurol 2022; 13:899644. [PMID: 35756922 PMCID: PMC9226417 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.899644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein (APOE) is implicated and verified as the main risk factor for early-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). APOE is a protein that binds to lipids and is involved in cholesterol stability. Our paper reports a case of a sporadic early-onset AD (sEOAD) patient of a 54-year-old Korean man, where a novel APOE Leu159Pro heterozygous mutation was revealed upon Whole Exome Sequence analysis. The proband's CSF showed downregulated levels of Aβ42, with unchanged Tau levels. The mutation is in the Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor (LDLR) region of the APOE gene, which mediates the clearance of APOE lipoproteins. LDLR works as a high-affinity point for APOE. Studies suggest that APOE-LDLR interplay could have varying effects. The LDLR receptor pathway has been previously suggested as a therapeutic target to treat tauopathy. However, the APOE-LDLR interaction has also shown a significant correlation with memory retention. Leu159Pro could be an interesting mutation that could be responsible for a less damaging pattern of AD by suppressing tau-association neurodegeneration while affecting the patient's memory retention and cognitive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaya Bagaria
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, South Korea
| | - Yeonsil Moon
- Department of Neurology, Konkuk University School of Medicine and Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eva Bagyinszky
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Environment, Gachon University, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Kyu Hwan Shim
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, South Korea
| | - Seong Soo A An
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, South Korea
| | - SangYun Kim
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul National University Budang Hospital, Seongnam-si, South Korea
| | - Seol Heui Han
- Department of Neurology, Konkuk University School of Medicine and Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
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Bisceglia P, Lo Vecchio F, Latino RR, Gravina C, Urbano M, la Torre A, Desina G, Greco A, Leone M, Antonioni A. Italian Case Report with a Double Mutation in PSEN1 (K311R and E318G). Neurol Int 2022; 14:417-422. [PMID: 35645353 PMCID: PMC9149895 DOI: 10.3390/neurolint14020034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia worldwide. The clinical spectrum of suspected AD has been extended from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to preclinical AD which includes people who have typical cognitive function but harbor the underlying biological features of AD. We report the first case of an Italian patient affected by MCI (MMSE 24\30), characterized by a double mutation p.Lys311Arg (K311R) and p.Glu318Gly (E318G) in Presenilin-1 but with the absence of abnormal accumulation of amyloid beta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Bisceglia
- Laboratory of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; (P.B.); (F.L.V.); (C.G.); (M.U.); (A.l.T.); (A.G.)
| | - Filomena Lo Vecchio
- Laboratory of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; (P.B.); (F.L.V.); (C.G.); (M.U.); (A.l.T.); (A.G.)
| | - Raffaela Rita Latino
- Neurology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; (R.R.L.); (M.L.)
| | - Carolina Gravina
- Laboratory of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; (P.B.); (F.L.V.); (C.G.); (M.U.); (A.l.T.); (A.G.)
| | - Maria Urbano
- Laboratory of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; (P.B.); (F.L.V.); (C.G.); (M.U.); (A.l.T.); (A.G.)
| | - Annamaria la Torre
- Laboratory of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; (P.B.); (F.L.V.); (C.G.); (M.U.); (A.l.T.); (A.G.)
| | - Gaetano Desina
- Clinical Laboratory Analysis and Transfusional Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy;
| | - Antonio Greco
- Laboratory of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; (P.B.); (F.L.V.); (C.G.); (M.U.); (A.l.T.); (A.G.)
| | - Maurizio Leone
- Neurology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; (R.R.L.); (M.L.)
| | - Annibale Antonioni
- Unit of Clinical Neurology, Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, S. Anna University Hospital, 44124 Ferrara, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-3407364839
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18
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Perdomo VA, Ortega DC, Barreto G. Polymorphisms of apolipoprotein E in the Afro-descendant population of Buenaventura, Colombia. REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE PSIQUIATRIA (ENGLISH ED.) 2022; 51:99-104. [PMID: 35803688 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcpeng.2020.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJETIVES To estimate the frequency distribution, both allelic and genotypic, of the APOE gene in the Afro-descendant population of Buenaventura, Colombia. METHODS Three hundred and forty-eight Afro-descendant individuals were analysed and the APOE locus was genotyped by PCR-RFLP. The allelic and genotypic frequencies were established by direct counting and the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was evaluated through χ2 test. The frequencies obtained in this study were compared with frequencies reported for other Colombian populations through the Fisher's exact test. RESULTS The following allelic frequencies were observed: E3, 70.8%; E4, 21.4%, and E2, 7.8%. The genotypic frequencies were: E3/E3, 51.1%; E3/E4, 27.3%; E2/E3, 12.1%; E4/E4, 6%; E2/E4, 3.5%, and E2/E2, 0%. The entire examined population was found in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P=.074), and significant differences were found in the allele E4 when comparing this population with the Amerindian and mestizo populations of Bogotá, Quindío, Centro-Oriente, Valle del Cauca, Barranquilla and Medellín (P≤ 0.0345). CONCLUSIONS The allelic frequencies observed in this study were significantly different from the frequencies reported in other Colombian populations. The high representativeness of the E4 and E2 alleles validates the hypothesis that there are micro-evolutionary processes that have been acting on their frequencies and could be associated with susceptibility to neuropsychiatric diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, metabolic alterations of fats and/or coronary artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Andrea Perdomo
- Grupo de Genética Molecular Humana, Departamento de Biología, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - Diana Carolina Ortega
- Grupo de Genética Molecular Humana, Departamento de Biología, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - Guillermo Barreto
- Grupo de Genética Molecular Humana, Departamento de Biología, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia.
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19
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Ahmed S, Pande AH, Sharma SS. Therapeutic potential of ApoE-mimetic peptides in CNS disorders: Current perspective. Exp Neurol 2022; 353:114051. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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20
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Nguyen TT, Nguyen TTD, Tran NMA, Van Vo G. Lipid-Based Nanocarriers via Nose-to-Brain Pathway for Central Nervous System Disorders. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:552-573. [PMID: 34800247 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03488-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders are distinguished by the gradual deterioration of the nervous system's structure and function due to oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, protein misfolding, excitotoxicity, and neuroinflammation. Among these NDs, Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis characterized an increasing dysfunction and loss of neuronal structure leading to neuronal cell death. Although there is currently no drug to totally reverse the effects of NDs, such novel formulations and administration routes are developed for better management and nose-to-brain delivery is one of delivery for treating NDs. This review aimed to highlight advances in research on various lipid based nanocarriers such as liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers, microemulsion, nanoemulsion, and cubosomes which are reported to treat and alleviate the symptoms of NDs via nose-to-brain route. The challenges during clinical translation of lipid nanocarriers from bench to bed side is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuy Trang Nguyen
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HUTECH), Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Thi Thuy Dung Nguyen
- Faculty of Environmental and Food Engineering, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen-Minh-An Tran
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, 71420, Vietnam
| | - Giau Van Vo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam.
- Research Center for Genetics and Reproductive Health (CGRH), School of Medicine, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam.
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam.
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21
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Machlovi SI, Neuner SM, Hemmer BM, Khan R, Liu Y, Huang M, Zhu JD, Castellano JM, Cai D, Marcora E, Goate AM. APOE4 confers transcriptomic and functional alterations to primary mouse microglia. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 164:105615. [PMID: 35031484 PMCID: PMC8934202 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Common genetic variants in more than forty loci modulate risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD). AD risk alleles are enriched within enhancers active in myeloid cells, suggesting that microglia, the brain-resident macrophages, may play a key role in the etiology of AD. A major genetic risk factor for AD is Apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype, with the ε4/ε4 (E4) genotype increasing risk for AD by approximately 15 fold compared to the most common ε3/ε3 (E3) genotype. However, the impact of APOE genotype on microglial function has not been thoroughly investigated. To address this, we cultured primary microglia from mice in which both alleles of the mouse Apoe gene have been humanized to encode either human APOE ε3 or APOE ε4. Relative to E3 microglia, E4 microglia exhibit altered morphology, increased endolysosomal mass, increased cytokine/chemokine production, and increased lipid and lipid droplet accumulation at baseline. These changes were accompanied by decreased translation and increased phosphorylation of eIF2ɑ and eIF2ɑ-kinases that participate in the integrated stress response, suggesting that E4 genotype leads to elevated levels of cellular stress in microglia relative to E3 genotype. Using live-cell imaging and flow cytometry, we also show that E4 microglia exhibited increased phagocytic uptake of myelin and other substrates compared to E3 microglia. While transcriptomic profiling of myelin-challenged microglia revealed a largely overlapping response profile across genotypes, differential enrichment of genes in interferon signaling, extracellular matrix and translation-related pathways was identified in E4 versus E3 microglia both at baseline and following myelin challenge. Together, our results suggest E4 genotype confers several important functional alterations to microglia even prior to myelin challenge, providing insight into the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which APOE4 may increase risk for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saima I Machlovi
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, New York, NY, USA; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sarah M Neuner
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, New York, NY, USA; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, New York, NY, USA; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brittany M Hemmer
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, New York, NY, USA; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Riana Khan
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, New York, NY, USA; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yiyuan Liu
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, New York, NY, USA; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, New York, NY, USA; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Min Huang
- James J Peters VA Medical Center, Research & Development, Bronx, NY, USA; Department of Neurology, New York, NY, USA; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Zhu
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, New York, NY, USA; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joseph M Castellano
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, New York, NY, USA; Department of Neurology, New York, NY, USA; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dongming Cai
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, New York, NY, USA; James J Peters VA Medical Center, Research & Development, Bronx, NY, USA; Department of Neurology, New York, NY, USA; Alzheimer Disease Research Center, New York, NY, USA; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Edoardo Marcora
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, New York, NY, USA; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, New York, NY, USA; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alison M Goate
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, New York, NY, USA; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, New York, NY, USA; Department of Neurology, New York, NY, USA; Alzheimer Disease Research Center, New York, NY, USA; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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22
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El-Tallawy HN, Saadeldin HM, Ezzeldin AM, Tohamy AM, Eltellawy S, Bathalath AM, Shehab MM. Genetic, clinical, and biochemical aspects of patients with Alzheimer disease. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY, PSYCHIATRY AND NEUROSURGERY 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s41983-022-00455-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The most common form of dementia is Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The clinical manifestations of AD are loss of memory that is progressive and deterioration in cognitive function. The objective of this study is to find patterns of AD among patients regarding clinical aspects, psychological aspects, and laboratory aspects, as well as to determine the role of some genes (APOE1, APOE2, and TMEM106B) in the pathogenesis of AD. In this case–control study, 40 patients with AD were recruited from the inpatient neurology departments and outpatient neurology clinics of the university hospitals in the period of January 1 to December 31, 2017. Furthermore, 40 cross-matched control patients underwent a complete history taking, neurological examination, brain MRI or CT, psychometric tests, thyroid function, and lipid profile measurements. Extracted DNA was quantified using a nanodrop analyzer (ND-1OOO) spectrophotometer for TMEM106B (rs1990622), APOE2 (rs429358), and APOE1 (rs7412).
Results
All subtypes of lipid profiles were significantly higher in patients with AD than the controls. There was a significant difference between the two groups regarding TMEM106B. There was an insignificant difference regarding thyroid hormones T3, T4, and TSH between patients and controls. There was no significant difference between AD patients and the control group regarding APOE-1 and APOE-2. Patients were worse than controls in tests of cognition, such as The Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument (CASI) and auditory number and letter span test. In addition, AD patients had more depression than controls.
Conclusion
There may be a significant role of a high lipid profile and TMEM106B expression in the pathogenesis of AD.
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23
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Ogbodo JO, Agbo CP, Njoku UO, Ogugofor MO, Egba SI, Ihim SA, Echezona AC, Brendan KC, Upaganlawar AB, Upasani CD. Alzheimer's Disease: Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Interventions. Curr Aging Sci 2022; 15:2-25. [PMID: 33653258 DOI: 10.2174/1874609814666210302085232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia. Genetics, excessive exposure to environmental pollutants, as well as unhealthy lifestyle practices are often linked to the development of AD. No therapeutic approach has achieved complete success in treating AD; however, early detection and management with appropriate drugs are key to improving prognosis. INTERVENTIONS The pathogenesis of AD was extensively discussed in order to understand the reasons for the interventions suggested. The interventions reviewed include the use of different therapeutic agents and approaches, gene therapy, adherence to healthy dietary plans (Mediterranean diet, Okinawan diet and MIND diet), as well as the use of medicinal plants. The potential of nanotechnology as a multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary approach in the design of nano-formulations of AD drugs and the use of Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (SPIONs) as theranostic tools for early detection of Alzheimer's disease were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- John O Ogbodo
- Department of Science Laboratory Technology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Chinazom P Agbo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Ugochi O Njoku
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | | | - Simeon I Egba
- Department of Biochemistry, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria
| | - Stella A Ihim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Aman B Upaganlawar
- Department of Pharmacology, Sureshdada Shriman\'s College of Pharmacy, New Dehli, India
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24
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW At elevated levels, the essential element manganese (Mn) is neurotoxic and increasing evidence indicates that environmental Mn exposure early in life negatively affects neurodevelopment. In this review, we describe how underlying genetics may confer susceptibility to elevated Mn concentrations and how the epigenetic effects of Mn may explain the association between Mn exposure early in life and its toxic effects later in life. RECENT FINDINGS Common polymorphisms in the Mn transporter genes SLC30A10 and SLC39A8 seem to have a large impact on intracellular Mn levels and, in turn, neurotoxicity. Genetic variation in iron regulatory genes may to lesser extent also influence Mn levels and toxicity. Recent studies on Mn and epigenetic mechanisms indicate that Mn-related changes in DNA methylation occur early in life. One human and two animal studies found persistent changes from in utero exposure to Mn but whether these changes have functional effects remains unknown. Genetics seems to play a major role in susceptibility to Mn toxicity and should therefore be considered in risk assessment. Mn appears to interfere with epigenetic processes, potentially leading to persistent changes in developmental programming, which warrants further study.
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25
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Kurano M, Tsukamoto K, Sakai E, Hara M, Yatomi Y. Isoform-Dependent Effects of Apolipoprotein E on Sphingolipid Metabolism in Neural Cells. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 85:1529-1544. [PMID: 34958030 DOI: 10.3233/jad-215205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) and ceramides have been implicated in the development of Alzheimer's disease. Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) isoforms are also involved in the development of Alzheimer's disease. OBJECTIVE We aimed at elucidating the potential association of the ApoE isoforms with sphingolipid metabolism in the central nervous system. METHODS We investigated the modulations of apolipoprotein M (apoM), a carrier of S1P, S1P, and ceramides in Apoeshl mice, which spontaneously lack apoE, and U251 cells and SH-SY5Y cells infected with adenovirus vectors encoding for apoE2, apoE3, and apoE4. RESULTS In the brains of Apoeshl mice, the levels of apoM were lower, while those of ceramides were higher. In U251 cells, cellular apoM and S1P levels were the highest in the cells overexpressing apoE2 among the apoE isoforms. The cellular and medium contents of ceramides decreased in the order of the cells overexpressing apoE3 > apoE2 and increased in the cells overexpressing apoE4. In SH-SY5Y cells, apoM mRNA and medium S1P levels were also the highest in the cells overexpressing apoE2. The cellular contents of ceramides decreased in the order of the cells overexpressing apoE3 > apoE2 = apoE4 and those in medium decreased in the order of the cells overexpressing apoE3 > apoE2, while increased in the cells overexpressing apoE4. CONCLUSION The modulation of apoM and S1P might partly explain the protective effects of apoE2 against Alzheimer's disease, and the modulation of ceramides might be one of the mechanisms explaining the association of apoE4 with the development of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Kurano
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Tsukamoto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eri Sakai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masumi Hara
- Department of Medicine IV, Mizonokuchi Hospital, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Yutaka Yatomi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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26
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Dong L, Mao C, Liu C, Li J, Huang X, Wang J, Lei D, Chu S, Sha L, Xu Q, Peng B, Cui L, Gao J. Association Between Common Variants of APOE, ABCA7, A2M, BACE1, and Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers in Alzheimer's Disease: Data from the PUMCH Dementia Cohort. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 85:1511-1518. [PMID: 34958020 PMCID: PMC8925115 DOI: 10.3233/jad-215067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: The previous studies have identified several genes in relation to Alzheimer’s disease (AD), such as ABCA7, CR1, etc. A few studies have explored the association between the common variants, mainly in the non-coding regions of these genes, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers. Fewer studies target the variants in the coding regions. Objective: To illustrate the association between the common variants within or adjacent to the coding regions of AD susceptible genes and CSF biomarkers in AD patients. Methods: 75 sporadic probable AD patients were extracted from the dementia cohort of Peking Union Medical College Hospital. They all had history inquiry, physical examination, blood test, cognitive assessment, brain MRI, CSF testing of Aβ42, 181p-tau, and t-tau, and next-generation DNA sequencing. Sixty-nine common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (minor allele frequency > 0.01) within or near the coding region of 13 AD susceptible genes were included in the analysis. Results: The rs7412-CC (APOE) genotype showed lower CSF Aβ42 level and higher p-tau/Aβ42 ratio than the rs7412-CT genotype. The rs3752246-C (ABCA7) allele correlated with lower CSF Aβ42 level. The alternate alleles of six ABCA7 SNPs were related to lower CSF p-tau, including rs3745842, rs3764648, rs3764652, rs4147930, rs4147934 and rs881768. The rs11609582-TT (A2M) genotype showed higher CSF p-tau than the rs11609582-TA genotype. The p-tau/Aβ42 ratio was higher in the rs490460-TT (BACE1) genotype relative to the rs490460-GT genotype. Conclusion: Some common variants within or near the coding regions of APOE, ABCA7, A2M, and BACE1 are associated with CSF Aβ42, p-tau. or p-tau/Aβ42.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liling Dong
- Neurology Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chenhui Mao
- Neurology Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Caiyan Liu
- Neurology Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Li
- Neurology Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xinying Huang
- Neurology Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Neurology Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Lei
- Neurology Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shanshan Chu
- Neurology Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Longze Sha
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Xu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Peng
- Neurology Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Liying Cui
- Neurology Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Neurology Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Pedraza OL, Camacho I, Sierra FA, Cladelis RG, Salazar AM, Montalvo MC, Morillo HD, Lozano A, Gutiérrez-Castañeda LD, Torres-Tobar L, Piñeros C. Association between Apoϵ4 allele and cardiometabolic and social risk factors with cognitive impairment in elderly population from Bogota. Dement Neuropsychol 2021; 15:497-509. [PMID: 35509799 PMCID: PMC9018086 DOI: 10.1590/1980-57642021dn15-040011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Being an ϵ4 carrier in the Apoϵ gene has been suggested as a modifying factor for the interaction between cardio-metabolic, social risk factors, and the development of cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isis Camacho
- Neurosciences Group, Colombia; Interdisciplinary Memory Group, Colombia
| | | | | | - Ana Maria Salazar
- Neurosciences Group, Colombia; Interdisciplinary Memory Group, Colombia; Psychology, Cognitive Processes and Education Group, Colombia
| | | | | | - Angela Lozano
- Neurosciences Group, Colombia; Interdisciplinary Memory Group, Colombia
| | | | | | - Cesar Piñeros
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Research Group, Colombia
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28
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Gezmis H, Mayda Domac F, Ormeci B, Uyanik H, Doran T, Keles EC, Kirac D. ε 2 , ε 3 , and ε 4 variants of ApoE; rs2228570 (VDR), rs4588 and rs7041 (VDBP) polymorphisms in patients with multiple sclerosis: A case-control study in Turkish population. Int J Clin Pract 2021; 75:e14801. [PMID: 34486787 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.14801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a degenerative disease characterized by autoimmune demyelination in the central nervous system. Yet, underlined genetics or environmental markers are still controversial. The impact of vitamin D and cholesterol on disease activity has been phrased by many studies; however, the data available for the Turkish population are very limited. This study aimed to investigate the effect of vitamin D-related polymorphisms (VDBP and VDR) and cholesterol-related variants of ApoE on Turkish MS patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Total DNAs were extracted from peripheral blood samples of 51 MS patients and 50 healthy volunteers. rs4588 and rs7041 polymorphisms of VDBP, rs2228570 of VDR, as well as ε2, ε3, and ε4 variants of ApoE, were investigated by RT-PCR. Biochemical parameters which thought to be associated with MS were also measured. Results were evaluated statistically. RESULTS Homozygous mutant genotype and G allele of rs2228570 in VDR, as well as heterozygous genotype of rs4588 in VDBP, were found statistically high in patients. Total cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL-C levels were found significantly high, whereas HDL-C and vitamin D levels were low in patients. An association was found between rs4588 variation and high triglyceride levels. Similar correlations were found between ε2 genotype and low LDL-C level; ε3 genotype and higher LDL-C. Gender, triglyceride, HDL-C, and AA genotype in rs4588 had a significant effect on MS progression. CONCLUSION The variations of rs2228570 and rs4588, vitamin D deficiency, and biological parameters related to cholesterol metabolism may be associated with MS risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazal Gezmis
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fusun Mayda Domac
- Department of Neurology, University of Health Sciences, Erenkoy Mental and Nervous Diseases Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Burcu Ormeci
- Department of Neurology, Yeditepe University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Handan Uyanik
- Department of Neurology, Yeditepe University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tansu Doran
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - E Cigdem Keles
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Deniz Kirac
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
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29
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Patel PA, Lee TJ, Kodeboyina SK, Jones G, Bollinger K, Ulrich L, Bogorad D, Estes A, Zhi W, Sharma S, Sharma A. Intra-population differences of apolipoproteins in the aqueous humor. Lipids Health Dis 2021; 20:128. [PMID: 34602085 PMCID: PMC8487476 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-021-01555-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence suggests that proteins related to lipid metabolism, such as apolipoproteins, play an important role in the maintenance of normal vision. While several members of the apolipoprotein family are abundant in human aqueous humor (AH), their study remains difficult due to the AH's small volume, low protein concentration, and the invasive nature of sample collection. In this study, we report the use of Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to discover associations between AH apolipoproteins and race, gender, and ocular structure in patients with and without primary open angle glaucoma (POAG). METHODS AH samples were collected from 231 patients undergoing phacoemulsification or glaucoma incisional surgery at the Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University and subsequently analyzed via LC-MS/MS. The number of peptide spectrum matches (PSMs) for each protein was used as a semi-quantitative measure of relative protein levels. Parameters related to ocular structure were determined using Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) and Heidelberg Retinal Tomography (HRT). These data sets were probed for relationships between apolipoprotein levels and POAG, demographics (gender and race), and ocular structure. RESULTS A total of ten apolipoproteins were detected in the 231 collected AH samples, with six detected in 100% of the samples, one detected in almost 57% of the samples and three detected in less than 10% of the samples. The levels of APOA1, APOC3, and APOD were higher among POAG subjects. Stratification by gender and race revealed demographic-specific variations. The levels of five apolipoproteins (APOA1, APOA2, APOA4, APOC3, and APOD) were higher in female POAG patients, whereas no apolipoprotein levels were altered in male POAG patients. The levels of APOA1, APOA2, APOA4, and APOD were increased in glaucomatous African American patients, whereas APOE and APOH levels were decreased in glaucomatous Caucasian patients. We also found distinct associations between apolipoprotein levels and OCT and HRT parameters in patients with and without POAG. CONCLUSIONS The intra-population variation in apolipoprotein levels highlights the heterogeneity of glaucoma as a disease, suggesting the importance of personalized treatments. Gender and race-specific alterations may be associated with higher risks of POAG in females and members of the African American population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parth A Patel
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, CA4094, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Tae Jin Lee
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, CA4094, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Sai Karthik Kodeboyina
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, CA4094, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
- Mass General Brigham, 215 First Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Garrett Jones
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, CA4094, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Kathryn Bollinger
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Lane Ulrich
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - David Bogorad
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Amy Estes
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Wenbo Zhi
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, CA4094, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Shruti Sharma
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, CA4094, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Ashok Sharma
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, CA4094, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
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Apolipoprotein e (APOE) ε4 genotype influences memory performance following remote traumatic brain injury in U.S. military service members and veterans. Brain Cogn 2021; 154:105790. [PMID: 34487993 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2021.105790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the association between the apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele and neurocognitive functioning following traumatic brain injury (TBI) in military service members and veterans (SMVs). Participants included 176 SMVs with a history of remote TBI (≥1 year post-injury), categorized into mild (n = 100), moderate (n = 40), and severe (n = 36) TBI groups. Participants completed a neuropsychological assessment and APOE genotyping (n = 46 ε4+, n = 130 ε4-). Neurocognitive composite scores representing memory, executive functioning, and visual processing speed were computed. ANCOVAs adjusting for race, education, combat exposure, and PTSD symptom severity showed a significant main effect of ε4 on the memory composite, such that ε4+ SMVs exhibited poorer memory performance than ε4- SMVs. When ε2 allele carriers were removed from the analyses, associations with memory were strengthened, demonstrating a possible protective effect of the ε2 allele. No main effect of TBI group was identified on any cognitive composite, nor were there any significant TBI group × ε4 status interactions for any cognitive composite. Future studies with larger samples are needed to verify these findings, but our results suggest an important relationship between ε4 status and memory functioning following remote TBI of all severities.
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Jankowska-Kieltyka M, Roman A, Nalepa I. The Air We Breathe: Air Pollution as a Prevalent Proinflammatory Stimulus Contributing to Neurodegeneration. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:647643. [PMID: 34248501 PMCID: PMC8264767 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.647643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Air pollution is regarded as an important risk factor for many diseases that affect a large proportion of the human population. To date, accumulating reports have noted that particulate matter (PM) is closely associated with the course of cardiopulmonary disorders. As the incidence of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and autoimmune disorders have risen and as the world’s population is aging, there is an increasing interest in environmental health hazards, mainly air pollution, which has been slightly overlooked as one of many plausible detrimental stimuli contributing to neurodegenerative disease onset and progression. Epidemiological studies have indicated a noticeable association between exposure to PM and neurotoxicity, which has been gradually confirmed by in vivo and in vitro studies. After entering the body directly through the olfactory epithelium or indirectly by passing through the respiratory system into the circulatory system, air pollutants are subsequently able to reach the brain. Among the potential mechanisms underlying particle-induced detrimental effects in the periphery and the central nervous system (CNS), increased oxidative stress, inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, microglial activation, disturbance of protein homeostasis, and ultimately, neuronal death are often postulated and concomitantly coincide with the main pathomechanisms of neurodegenerative processes. Other complementary mechanisms by which PM could mediate neurotoxicity and contribute to neurodegeneration remain unconfirmed. Furthermore, the question of how strong and proven air pollutants are as substantial adverse factors for neurodegenerative disease etiologies remains unsolved. This review highlights research advances regarding the issue of PM with an emphasis on neurodegeneration markers, symptoms, and mechanisms by which air pollutants could mediate damage in the CNS. Poor air quality and insufficient knowledge regarding its toxicity justify conducting scientific investigations to understand the biological impact of PM in the context of various types of neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Jankowska-Kieltyka
- Department of Brain Biochemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Adam Roman
- Department of Brain Biochemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Irena Nalepa
- Department of Brain Biochemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
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She M, Shang S, Hu N, Chen C, Dang L, Gao L, Wei S, Huo K, Wang J, Wang J, Qu Q. Blood Pressure Level Is Associated With Changes in Plasma Aβ 1 -40 and Aβ 1-42 Levels: A Cross-sectional Study Conducted in the Suburbs of Xi'an, China. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:650679. [PMID: 34149395 PMCID: PMC8211897 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.650679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition in the brain is the hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology. Hypertension is a risk factor for AD, but the effects of hypertension on Aβ deposition are not fully determined. Considering peripheral Aβ closely relates to Aβ deposition in the brain, we investigated the relationships between blood pressure (BP) level and plasma Aβ concentrations. Methods: One-thousand and sixty-nine participants (age above 45) from a village in the suburbs of Xi’an, China were enrolled. Questionnaires and validated Chinese versions of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) were used to collect information about vascular risk factors and assess cognition function. The apolipoprotein E (ApoE) genotype was detected using PCR and sequencing. Plasma Aβ levels were measured using ELISA. The associations between BP and plasma Aβ levels were analyzed by using multivariate linear regression. Results: Plasma Aβ1–40 level was higher in high BP group than that in normal BP group (53.34 ± 8.50 pg/ml vs. 51.98 ± 8.96 pg/ml, P = 0.013), in high SBP group than that in normal SBP group (53.68 ± 8.69 pg/ml vs. 51.88 ± 8.80 pg/ml, P = 0.001) and in high MABP group than that in normal MABP group (54.05 ± 8.78 pg/ml vs. 52.04 ± 8.75 pg/ml, P = 0.001). After controlling for the confounding factors, SBP (b = 0.078, P < 0.001), DBP (b = 0.090, P = 0.008) and MABP (b = 0.104, P < 0.001) correlated with plasma Aβ1–40 level positively in ApoE ε4 non-carriers, but not ApoE ε4 carriers. Conclusions: Elevated BP levels were associated with increased plasma Aβ1–40 levels in middle-aged and elderly ApoE ε4 non-carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meilin She
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Neurology, Yulin Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi, China
| | - Suhang Shang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ningwei Hu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Liangjun Dang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ling Gao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shan Wei
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kang Huo
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jingyi Wang
- Huyi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qiumin Qu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Kim M, Bezprozvanny I. Differences in Recycling of Apolipoprotein E3 and E4-LDL Receptor Complexes-A Mechanistic Hypothesis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5030. [PMID: 34068576 PMCID: PMC8126166 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22095030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) is a protein that plays an important role in the transport of fatty acids and cholesterol and in cellular signaling. On the surface of the cells, ApoE lipoparticles bind to low density lipoprotein receptors (LDLR) that mediate the uptake of the lipids and downstream signaling events. There are three alleles of the human ApoE gene. Presence of ApoE4 allele is a major risk factor for developing Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other disorders late in life, but the mechanisms responsible for biological differences between different ApoE isoforms are not well understood. We here propose that the differences between ApoE isoforms can be explained by differences in the pH-dependence of the association between ApoE3 and ApoE4 isoforms and LDL-A repeats of LDLR. As a result, the following endocytosis ApoE3-associated LDLRs are recycled back to the plasma membrane but ApoE4-containing LDLR complexes are trapped in late endosomes and targeted for degradation. The proposed mechanism is predicted to lead to a reduction in steady-state surface levels of LDLRs and impaired cellular signaling in ApoE4-expressing cells. We hope that this proposal will stimulate experimental research in this direction that allows the testing of our hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meewhi Kim
- Department of Physiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Ilya Bezprozvanny
- Department of Physiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurodegeneration, Peter the Great St. Petersburg State Polytechnic University, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia
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Wang G, Vance DE, Li W. A Cross-Sectional Analysis of APOE Gene Polymorphism and the Risk of Cognitive Impairments in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative Study. JAR LIFE 2021; 10:26-31. [PMID: 36923510 PMCID: PMC10002875 DOI: 10.14283/jarlife.2021.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Background It is inconclusive on how apolipoprotein epsilon (APOE) gene polymorphism is associated with the risk of having mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or Alzheimer's disease (AD). Objectives To investigate how APOE genotype is associated with the risk of MCI or AD using the data collected from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) participants. Methods A cross-sectional design was used to analyze the baseline data collected from the 1,720 ADNI participants. APOE gene polymorphism was analyzed on how they are related to the risk of cognitive impairments of either MCI or AD using a percent yield (PY) method. Then cognitive functions were compared among six different APOE genotypes using a two-way ANCOVA by controlling possible confounding factors. Results The prevalence of six APOE genotypes in 1,720 participants is as following: e2/e2 (0.3%), e2/e3 (7.4%), e3/e3 (45.4%), e2/e4 (2%), e3/e4 (35%) and e4/e4 (9.9%). The e2/e2 and e4/e4 genotypes were associated with the lowest and the highest risk respectively for cognitive impairments of either MCI or AD. Further, a worse cognitive diagnosis was associated with an increasing number of APOE e4 allele in a dose dependent manner. Participants with genotype e3/e3 had a better memory measure than those with the genotype of e3/e4. Conclusions APOE gene polymorphism is associated with different level of risks for cognitive impairments. The heterozygous genotype e3/e4 is associated with a worse memory function compared to the genotype of e3/e3. Further investigations are needed to intervene the cognitive deteriorations in those with at risk APOE genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Wang
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - D E Vance
- Office of Research and Scholarship, School of Nursing, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - W Li
- Physician Assistant Studies, School of Health Professions, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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Association of Apolipoprotein E Gene Polymorphism with Lipid Profile and Ischemic Stroke Risk in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients. J Nutr Metab 2021; 2021:5527736. [PMID: 33833872 PMCID: PMC8018876 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5527736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Altered lipid profiles have consistently been linked to cerebrovascular events. Ischemic stroke (IS) was a common comorbid condition established in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The apolipoprotein E (ApoE) gene which has a notably critical function in lipoprotein metabolism is believed as one of the potential candidate genes susceptible to IS complications in T2DM. This research aimed to determine the association of apolipoprotein E gene polymorphism with lipid profile and IS risk in T2DM patients. Methods This case-control study involved a total of 60 diabetic participants divided into two groups with and without IS. ApoE was genotyped using PCR and sequencing analysis. Results The most predominant genotype observed in 27 participants (45%) was E3/E3. Lower levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were found in ε2 carriers (p=0.003; 95% CI -23.35--4.89) and ε4 carriers (p=0.019; 95% CI 1.38-14.55) compared to ε3 homozygotes. Total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels had no association with ApoE gene polymorphism in this study. ApoE gene polymorphism was not related to IS in T2DM (p=0.06; adjusted OR: 4.71; 95% CI 0.93-23.79). Conclusions ApoE ε2 and ε4 carriers were associated with lower levels of HDL-C. No association was identified between ApoE gene polymorphism and IS in T2DM patients.
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Azar J, Yousef MH, El-Fawal HAN, Abdelnaser A. Mercury and Alzheimer's disease: a look at the links and evidence. Metab Brain Dis 2021; 36:361-374. [PMID: 33411216 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-020-00649-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
This review paper investigates a specific environmental-disease interaction between mercury exposure and Alzheimer's disease hallmarks. Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder affecting predominantly the memory of the affected individual. It prevails mostly in the elderly, rendering many factors as possible causative agents, which potentially contribute to the disease pathogenicity cumulatively. Alzheimer's disease affects nearly 50 million people worldwide and is considered one the most devastating diseases not only for the patient, but also for their families and caregivers. Mercury is a common environmental toxin, found in the atmosphere mostly due to human activity, such as coal burning for heating and cooking. Natural release of mercury into the atmosphere occurs by volcanic eruptions, in the form of vapor, or weathering rocks. The most toxic form of mercury to humans is methylmercury, to which humans are exposed to by ingestion of fish. Methylmercury was found to exert its toxic effects on different parts of the human body, with predominance on the brain. There is no safe concentration for mercury in the atmosphere, even trace amounts can elicit harm to humans in the long term. Mercury's effect on Alzheimer's disease hallmarks formation, extracellular senile plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles, has been widely studied. This review demonstrates the involvement of mercury, in its different forms, in the pathway of amyloid beta deposition and tau tangles formation. It aims to understand the link between mercury exposure and Alzheimer's disease so that, in the future, prevention strategies can be applied to halt the progression of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihan Azar
- Institute of Global Health and Human Ecology, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, P.O. Box: 74, New Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed H Yousef
- Biotechnology Graduate Program, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hassan A N El-Fawal
- Institute of Global Health and Human Ecology, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, P.O. Box: 74, New Cairo, Egypt
| | - Anwar Abdelnaser
- Institute of Global Health and Human Ecology, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, P.O. Box: 74, New Cairo, Egypt.
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Vardi A, Pri-Or A, Wigoda N, Grishchuk Y, Futerman AH. Proteomics analysis of a human brain sample from a mucolipidosis type IV patient reveals pathophysiological pathways. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2021; 16:39. [PMID: 33478506 PMCID: PMC7818904 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-021-01679-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mucolipidosis type IV (MLIV), an ultra-rare neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorder, is caused by mutations in the MCOLN1 gene, which encodes the late endosomal/lysosomal transient receptor potential channel TRPML1 (mucolipin 1). The precise pathophysiogical pathways that cause neurological disease in MLIV are poorly understood. Recently, the first post-mortem brain sample became available from a single MLIV patient, and in the current study we performed mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics on this tissue with a view to delineating pathological pathways, and to compare with previously-published data on MLIV, including studies using the Mcoln1−/− mouse. Results A number of pathways were altered in two brain regions from the MLIV patient, including those related to the lysosome, lipid metabolism, myelination, cellular trafficking and autophagy, mTOR and calmodulin, the complement system and interferon signaling. Of these, levels of some proteins not known previously to be associated with MLIV were altered, including APOD, PLIN4, ATG and proteins related to interferon signaling. Moreover, when proteins detected by proteomics in the human brain were compared with their orthologs detected in the Mcoln1−/− mouse by RNAseq, the results were remarkably similar. Finally, analysis of proteins in human and mouse CSF suggest that calbindin 1 and calbindin 2 might be useful as biomarkers to help chart the course of disease development. Conclusions Despite the sample size limitations, our findings are consistent with the relatively general changes in lysosomal function previously reported in MLIV, and shed light on new pathways of disease pathophysiology, which is required in order to understand the course of disease development and to determine the efficacy of therapies when they become available for this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayelet Vardi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Amir Pri-Or
- The Nancy and Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Noa Wigoda
- The Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yulia Grishchuk
- Center for Genomic Medicine and Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge St., Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Anthony H Futerman
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100, Rehovot, Israel.
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Wang N, Liu Q, Liu H, Cong X, Yang H, Yu Y, Cao Y, Ma L. Association of Apolipoprotein E Polymorphisms and Risks of Ischemic Stroke in Chinese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. J Diabetes Res 2021; 2021:8816996. [PMID: 33490286 PMCID: PMC7801050 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8816996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene polymorphisms have been intensively studied in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and ischemic stroke (IS) in recent years. However, it is unclear whether APOE gene polymorphisms are correlated with increased risk for developing IS in T2DM patients. Thus, this study was designed to examine the association between APOE gene polymorphisms and risks of IS in Chinese patients with T2DM. METHODS This case-control study enrolled 243 subjects with T2DM as controls, and 210 subjects with T2DM complicated with IS as case patients. The genotypes were determined using real-time PCR while HbA1c and lipid levels were detected using commercially available kits. RESULTS The systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and the proportion of patients with a history of hypertension were higher in the case patients than that in the controls. We confirmed that the ε2/ε3 genotype, as well as SBP and history of hypertension, was the independent risk factor for developing IS in T2DM patients. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the ε2/ε3 genotype might contribute to the increased risk for developing IS in Chinese patients with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Wang
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Clinical Laboratory, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Clinical Laboratory, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiao Cong
- Clinical Laboratory, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Clinical Laboratory, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Clinical Laboratory, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yongtong Cao
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
- Clinical Laboratory, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Liang Ma
- Clinical Laboratory, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
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Piccarducci R, Daniele S, Polini B, Carpi S, Chico L, Fusi J, Baldacci F, Siciliano G, Bonuccelli U, Nieri P, Martini C, Franzoni F. Apolipoprotein E Polymorphism and Oxidative Stress in Human Peripheral Blood Cells: Can Physical Activity Reactivate the Proteasome System through Epigenetic Mechanisms? OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:8869849. [PMID: 33488947 PMCID: PMC7796851 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8869849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by proteasome activity impairment, oxidative stress, and epigenetic changes, resulting in β-amyloid (Aβ) production/degradation imbalance. Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) is implicated in Aβ clearance, and particularly, the ApoE ε4 isoform predisposes to AD development. Regular physical activity is known to reduce AD progression. However, the impact of ApoE polymorphism and physical exercise on Aβ production and proteasome system activity has never been investigated in human peripheral blood cells, particularly in erythrocytes, an emerging peripheral model used to study biochemical alteration. Therefore, the influence of ApoE polymorphism on the antioxidant defences, amyloid accumulation, and proteasome activity was here evaluated in human peripheral blood cells depending on physical activity, to assess putative peripheral biomarkers for AD and candidate targets that could be modulated by lifestyle. Healthy subjects were enrolled and classified based on the ApoE polymorphism (by the restriction fragment length polymorphism technique) and physical activity level (Borg scale) and grouped into ApoE ε4/non-ε4 carriers and active/non-active subjects. The plasma antioxidant capability (AOC), the erythrocyte Aβ production/accumulation, and the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) mediated proteasome functionality were evaluated in all groups by the chromatographic and immunoenzymatic assay, respectively. Moreover, epigenetic mechanisms were investigated considering the expression of histone deacetylase 6, employing a competitive ELISA, and the modulation of two key miRNAs (miR-153-3p and miR-195-5p), through the miRNeasy Serum/Plasma Mini Kit. ApoE ε4 subjects showed a reduction in plasma AOC and an increase in the Nrf2 blocker, miR-153-3p, contributing to an enhancement of the erythrocyte concentration of Aβ. Physical exercise increased plasma AOC and reduced the amount of Aβ and its precursor, involving a reduced miR-153-3p expression and a miR-195-5p enhancement. Our data highlight the impact of the ApoE genotype on the amyloidogenic pathway and the proteasome system, suggesting the positive impact of physical exercise, also through epigenetic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Piccarducci
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Simona Daniele
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Beatrice Polini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Sara Carpi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- NEST, Istituto di Nanoscienze, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Lucia Chico
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 67, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Jonathan Fusi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 67, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Filippo Baldacci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 67, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Gabriele Siciliano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 67, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Ubaldo Bonuccelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 67, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Paola Nieri
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Claudia Martini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Franzoni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 67, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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Liu YJ, Xing F, Zong K, Wang MY, Ji DM, Zhao YH, Xia YH, Wang A, Shi LG, Ding SM, Wei ZL, Qiao JP, Du X, Cao YX. Increased ApoE Expression in Follicular Fluid and the ApoE Genotype Are Associated With Endometriosis in Chinese Women. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:779183. [PMID: 34867826 PMCID: PMC8638081 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.779183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
More than 10% of women suffer from endometriosis (EMT) during their reproductive years. EMT can cause pain and infertility and requires further study from multiple perspectives. Previous reports have indicated that an increase inapolipoprotein E (ApoE) may be associated with a lower number of retrieved mature oocytes in older women, and an association between ApoE and spontaneous pregnancy loss may exist in patients with EMT. The purpose of this study was to investigate the existence of an increase in ApoE in follicular fluid (FF) and the possible relationship between ApoE and EMT in Chinese women. In the current study, 217 Chinese women (111 control subjects and 106 EMT patients) were included. The ApoE genotypes were identified by Sanger sequencing. We found that ApoE expression in FF was higher in patients with EMT than in the control group. In addition, a significant difference in ApoE4 carriers (ϵ3/ϵ4, ϵ4/ϵ4) was found between the control subjects and the patients with EMT. Furthermore, a nonparametric test revealed significant differences in the numbers of blastocysts and high-quality blastocysts, but not the hormone levels of FSH, LH, and E2, between the two groups. We also established a multifactor (BMI, high-quality blastocysts, and ϵ4) prediction model with good sensitivity for identifying patients who may suffer from EMT. Our results demonstrate that ApoE expression in FF is increased in EMT, the ApoE-ϵ4 allele is significantly linked to EMT, and a combined analysis of three factors (BMI, high-quality blastocysts, and ϵ4) could be used as a predictor of EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Jing Liu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Genetics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Biopreservation and Artificial Organs, Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Ya-Jing Liu, ; Jin-Ping Qiao, ; Xin Du, ; Yun-Xia Cao,
| | - Fen Xing
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Genetics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Biopreservation and Artificial Organs, Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Kai Zong
- Technical Center of Hefei Customs District, Hefei, China
| | - Meng-Yao Wang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Genetics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Biopreservation and Artificial Organs, Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Dong-Mei Ji
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Genetics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Biopreservation and Artificial Organs, Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yu-Hang Zhao
- First Clinical Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yun-He Xia
- First Clinical Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - An Wang
- First Clinical Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ling-Ge Shi
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Genetics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Biopreservation and Artificial Organs, Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Si-Min Ding
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Genetics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Biopreservation and Artificial Organs, Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhao-Lian Wei
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Genetics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Biopreservation and Artificial Organs, Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jin-Ping Qiao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Ya-Jing Liu, ; Jin-Ping Qiao, ; Xin Du, ; Yun-Xia Cao,
| | - Xin Du
- 901st Hospital of People’s Liberation Army (PLA) Joint Logistic Support Force, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Ya-Jing Liu, ; Jin-Ping Qiao, ; Xin Du, ; Yun-Xia Cao,
| | - Yun-Xia Cao
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Genetics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Biopreservation and Artificial Organs, Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Ya-Jing Liu, ; Jin-Ping Qiao, ; Xin Du, ; Yun-Xia Cao,
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Apolipoprotein E allele 4 effects on Single-Subject Gray Matter Networks in Mild Cognitive Impairment. NEUROIMAGE: CLINICAL 2021; 32:102799. [PMID: 34469849 PMCID: PMC8405842 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
There is evidence that gray matter networks are disrupted in Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and associated with cognitive impairment and faster disease progression. However, it remains unknown how these alterations are related to the presence of Apolipoprotein E isoform E4 (ApoE4), the most prominent genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). To investigate this topic at the individual level, we explore the impact of ApoE4 and the disease progression on the Single-Subject Gray Matter Networks (SSGMNets) using the graph theory approach. Our data sample comprised 200 MCI patients selected from the ADNI database, classified as non-Converters and Converters (will progress into AD). Each group included 50 ApoE4-positive ('Carriers', ApoE4 + ) and 50 ApoE4-negative ('non-Carriers', ApoE4-). The SSGMNets were estimated from structural MRIs at two-time points: baseline and conversion. We investigated whether altered network topological measures at baseline and their rate of change (RoC) between baseline and conversion time points were associated with ApoE4 and disease progression. We also explored the correlation of SSGMNets attributes with general cognition score (MMSE), memory (ADNI-MEM), and CSF-derived biomarkers of AD (Aβ42, T-tau, and P-tau). Our results showed that ApoE4 and the disease progression modulated the global topological network properties independently but not in their RoC. MCI converters showed a lower clustering index in several regions associated with neurodegeneration in AD. The SSGMNets' topological organization was revealed to be able to predict cognitive and memory measures. The findings presented here suggest that SSGMNets could indeed be used to identify MCI ApoE4 Carriers with a high risk for AD progression.
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Associations and correlates of general versus specific successful ageing components. Eur J Ageing 2020; 18:549-563. [PMID: 34786016 PMCID: PMC8563891 DOI: 10.1007/s10433-020-00593-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The heterogeneity in the operationalisation of successful ageing (SA) hinders a straightforward examination of SA associations and correlates, and in turn, the identification of potentially modifiable predictors of SA. It is unclear which SA associations and correlates influence all facets of the SA construct, and whether psychosocial reserve models developed in neuropathological ageing research can also be linked to SA. It was therefore the aim of this study to disentangle the effect of various previously identified SA associations and correlates on (1) a general SA factor, which represents the shared underpinnings of three SA facets, and (2) more confined, specific factors, using bifactor modelling. The associations and correlates of three recently validated SA operationalisations were compared in 2478 participants from the German AgeCoDe study, aged 75 years and above. Based on participants’ main occupation, cognitive reserve (CR) and motivational reserve (MR) models were built. Younger age, male gender, more education, higher socio-economic status, being married or widowed, as well as more physical exercise and cognitive activities in old age were found to correlate positively with the general SA factor, indicating a simultaneous effect on all aspects of SA. Smoking and ApoE-ε4 were related only to the physiological facet of SA. CR models were significantly related to the general SA factor. Among all SA associations and correlates, proxy indicators of lifelong cognitive activity and physical exercise showed the strongest effects on SA. Future intervention studies should assess the influence of the preservation of active lifestyle across the life span on SA.
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Perdomo VA, Ortega DC, Barreto G. Polymorphisms of apolipoprotein E in the Afro-descendant population of Buenaventura, Colombia. REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE PSIQUIATRIA (ENGLISH ED.) 2020; 51:S0034-7450(20)30091-3. [PMID: 33735031 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcp.2020.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJETIVES To estimate the frequency distribution, both allelic and genotypic, of the APOE gene in the Afro-descendant population of Buenaventura, Colombia. METHODS Three hundred and forty-eight Afro-descendant individuals were analysed and the APOE locus was genotyped by PCR-RFLP. The allelic and genotypic frequencies were established by direct counting and the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was evaluated through χ2 test. The frequencies obtained in this study were compared with frequencies reported for other Colombian populations through the Fisher's exact test. RESULTS The following allelic frequencies were observed: E3, 70.8%; E4, 21.4%, and E2, 7.8%. The genotypic frequencies were: E3/E3, 51.1%; E3/E4, 27.3%; E2/E3, 12.1%; E4/E4, 6%; E2/E4, 3.5%, and E2/E2, 0%. The entire examined population was found in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P=.074), and significant differences were found in the allele E4 when comparing this population with the Amerindian and mestizo populations of Bogotá, Quindío, Centro-Oriente, Valle del Cauca, Barranquilla and Medellín (P≤ 0.0345). CONCLUSIONS The allelic frequencies observed in this study were significantly different from the frequencies reported in other Colombian populations. The high representativeness of the E4 and E2 alleles validates the hypothesis that there are micro-evolutionary processes that have been acting on their frequencies and could be associated with susceptibility to neuropsychiatric diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, metabolic alterations of fats and/or coronary artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Andrea Perdomo
- Grupo de Genética Molecular Humana, Departamento de Biología, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - Diana Carolina Ortega
- Grupo de Genética Molecular Humana, Departamento de Biología, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - Guillermo Barreto
- Grupo de Genética Molecular Humana, Departamento de Biología, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia.
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Comprehensive Review on Alzheimer's Disease: Causes and Treatment. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25245789. [PMID: 33302541 PMCID: PMC7764106 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 829] [Impact Index Per Article: 207.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a disorder that causes degeneration of the cells in the brain and it is the main cause of dementia, which is characterized by a decline in thinking and independence in personal daily activities. AD is considered a multifactorial disease: two main hypotheses were proposed as a cause for AD, cholinergic and amyloid hypotheses. Additionally, several risk factors such as increasing age, genetic factors, head injuries, vascular diseases, infections, and environmental factors play a role in the disease. Currently, there are only two classes of approved drugs to treat AD, including inhibitors to cholinesterase enzyme and antagonists to N-methyl d-aspartate (NMDA), which are effective only in treating the symptoms of AD, but do not cure or prevent the disease. Nowadays, the research is focusing on understanding AD pathology by targeting several mechanisms, such as abnormal tau protein metabolism, β-amyloid, inflammatory response, and cholinergic and free radical damage, aiming to develop successful treatments that are capable of stopping or modifying the course of AD. This review discusses currently available drugs and future theories for the development of new therapies for AD, such as disease-modifying therapeutics (DMT), chaperones, and natural compounds.
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Kreiser RP, Wright AK, Block NR, Hollows JE, Nguyen LT, LeForte K, Mannini B, Vendruscolo M, Limbocker R. Therapeutic Strategies to Reduce the Toxicity of Misfolded Protein Oligomers. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228651. [PMID: 33212787 PMCID: PMC7696907 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aberrant aggregation of proteins is implicated in the onset and pathogenesis of a wide range of neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. Mounting evidence indicates that misfolded protein oligomers produced as intermediates in the aggregation process are potent neurotoxic agents in these diseases. Because of the transient and heterogeneous nature of these elusive aggregates, however, it has proven challenging to develop therapeutics that can effectively target them. Here, we review approaches aimed at reducing oligomer toxicity, including (1) modulating the oligomer populations (e.g., by altering the kinetics of aggregation by inhibiting, enhancing, or redirecting the process), (2) modulating the oligomer properties (e.g., through the size–hydrophobicity–toxicity relationship), (3) modulating the oligomer interactions (e.g., by protecting cell membranes by displacing oligomers), and (4) reducing oligomer toxicity by potentiating the protein homeostasis system. We analyze examples of these complementary approaches, which may lead to the development of compounds capable of preventing or treating neurodegenerative disorders associated with protein aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan P. Kreiser
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY 10996, USA; (R.P.K.); (A.K.W.); (N.R.B.); (J.E.H.); (L.T.N.); (K.L.)
| | - Aidan K. Wright
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY 10996, USA; (R.P.K.); (A.K.W.); (N.R.B.); (J.E.H.); (L.T.N.); (K.L.)
| | - Natalie R. Block
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY 10996, USA; (R.P.K.); (A.K.W.); (N.R.B.); (J.E.H.); (L.T.N.); (K.L.)
| | - Jared E. Hollows
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY 10996, USA; (R.P.K.); (A.K.W.); (N.R.B.); (J.E.H.); (L.T.N.); (K.L.)
| | - Lam T. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY 10996, USA; (R.P.K.); (A.K.W.); (N.R.B.); (J.E.H.); (L.T.N.); (K.L.)
| | - Kathleen LeForte
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY 10996, USA; (R.P.K.); (A.K.W.); (N.R.B.); (J.E.H.); (L.T.N.); (K.L.)
| | - Benedetta Mannini
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK;
| | - Michele Vendruscolo
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK;
- Correspondence: (M.V.); (R.L.)
| | - Ryan Limbocker
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY 10996, USA; (R.P.K.); (A.K.W.); (N.R.B.); (J.E.H.); (L.T.N.); (K.L.)
- Correspondence: (M.V.); (R.L.)
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Kopylov AT, Papysheva O, Gribova I, Kotaysch G, Kharitonova L, Mayatskaya T, Sokerina E, Kaysheva AL, Morozov SG. Molecular pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus during pregnancy with antenatal complications. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19641. [PMID: 33184417 PMCID: PMC7665025 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76689-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus is a daunting problem accompanied by severe fetal development complications and type 2 diabetes mellitus in postpartum. Diagnosis of diabetic conditions occurs only in the second trimester, while associated antenatal complications are typically revealed even later. We acquired an assay of peripheral and cord blood samples of patients with different types of diabetes mellitus who delivered either healthy newborns or associated with fetopathy complications. Obtained data were handled with qualitative and quantitative analysis. Pathways of molecular events involved in diabetes mellitus and fetopathy were reconstructed based on the discovered markers and their quantitative alteration. Plenty of pathways were integrated to differentiate the type of diabetes and to recognize the impact of the diabetic condition on fetal development. The impaired triglycerides transport, glucose uptake, and consequent insulin resistance are mostly affected by faulted lipid metabolism (APOM, APOD, APOH, APOC1) and encouraged by oxidative stress (CP, TF, ORM2) and inflammation (CFH, CFB, CLU) as a secondary response accompanied by changes in matrix architecture (AFM, FBLN1, AMBP). Alterations in proteomes of peripheral and cord blood were expectedly unequal. Both up- and downregulated markers were accommodated in the cast of molecular events interconnected with the lipid metabolism, RXR/PPAR-signaling pathway, and extracellular architecture modulation. The obtained results congregate numerous biological processes to molecular events that underline diabetes during gestation and uncover some critical aspects affecting fetal growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur T Kopylov
- Department of Pathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 8 Baltyiskaya str., 125315, Moscow, Russia. .,Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Biobanking Group, 10 Pogodinskaya str., 119121, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Olga Papysheva
- S.S. Yudin 7th State Clinical Hospital, 4 Kolomenskaya str., 115446, Moscow, Russia
| | - Iveta Gribova
- N.E. Bauman 29th State Clinical Hospital, 2 Hospitalnaya sq., 110020, Moscow, Russia
| | - Galina Kotaysch
- N.E. Bauman 29th State Clinical Hospital, 2 Hospitalnaya sq., 110020, Moscow, Russia
| | - Lubov Kharitonova
- N.I. Pirogov Medical University, 1 Ostrovityanova st., 117997, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana Mayatskaya
- N.I. Pirogov Medical University, 1 Ostrovityanova st., 117997, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Sokerina
- Department of Pathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 8 Baltyiskaya str., 125315, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna L Kaysheva
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Biobanking Group, 10 Pogodinskaya str., 119121, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey G Morozov
- Department of Pathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 8 Baltyiskaya str., 125315, Moscow, Russia.,N.E. Bauman 29th State Clinical Hospital, 2 Hospitalnaya sq., 110020, Moscow, Russia
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Galal AA, Abd Elmajeed AA, Elbaz RA, Wafa AM, Elshazli RM. Association of Apolipoprotein E gene polymorphism with the risk of T2DM and obesity among Egyptian subjects. Gene 2020; 769:145223. [PMID: 33059023 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.145223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous reports investigated the involvement of apolipoprotein E (APOE) polymorphisms with elevated risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity. The principal objective of this study is to assess the contribution of APOE polymorphisms (rs429358 and rs7412) with the risk of T2DM and obesity. SUBJECTS AND METHODS This work was designed involving 400 participants [100 healthy controls, 100 T2DM patients, 100 obese patients, and 100 T2DM + obese patients]. Genomic deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of the APOE polymorphisms was characterized using the PCR-RFLP assay. RESULTS The common predominant genotype of the study population is the APOE Ɛ3/Ɛ3 [T2DM patients (46%), obese patients (52%), T2DM + obese patients (37%), and healthy controls (58%)]. The frequencies of the APOE Ɛ4/Ɛ4 genotype and the APOE*Ɛ4 allele were significantly elevated among T2DM patients (p-value < 0.05). Additionally, the frequencies of the APOE Ɛ2/Ɛ2 genotype and the APOE*Ɛ2 allele were significantly increased among obese patients (p-value < 0.05). Moreover, the frequencies of the APOE Ɛ2/Ɛ2 genotype, APOE*Ɛ2 allele, APOE Ɛ4/Ɛ4 genotype, and APOE*Ɛ4 allele were statistically significant among T2DM + obese patients (p-value < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS APOE*Ɛ2 and APOE*Ɛ4 alleles were considered as independent risk factor among T2DM + obese patients. Furthermore, the APOE*Ɛ2 allele was correlated with elevated risk of obesity, while the APOE*Ɛ4 allele was correlated with elevated risk of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr A Galal
- Biochemistry Section, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Abd Elmajeed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Rizk A Elbaz
- Genetic Unit, Children Hospital, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Alaa M Wafa
- Diabetes and Endocrine Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Rami M Elshazli
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Unit, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Horus University - Egypt, New Damietta 34518, Egypt.
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Trdin A, Snoj Tratnik J, Stajnko A, Marc J, Mazej D, Sešek Briški A, Kastelec D, Prpić I, Petrović O, Špirić Z, Horvat M, Falnoga I. Trace elements and APOE polymorphisms in pregnant women and their new-borns. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 143:105626. [PMID: 32622117 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the relationship between lipid binding glycoprotein apolipoprotein E (apoE; gene APOE) polymorphisms (ε4 allele carriers versus no carriers = ε4+/ε4-) and trace elements (TEs) (e.g., (methyl)mercury, arsenic, lead, cadmium, selenium, manganese, copper, and zinc) in mothers (N = 223) and their new-borns (N = 213) exposed to potentially toxic metal(loid)s from seafood consumption. The apoE isoform encoded by the ε4 allele is believed to have beneficial effects in early life but represents a risk factor for age-associated diseases. Under certain conditions ε4 carriers are more susceptible to oxidative stress and metal(loid) toxicity. DNA from Croatian pregnant women (N = 223, third trimester) and their new-borns (N = 176), was genotyped for APOE by TaqMan® SNP assay - rs429358 and rs7412. Seafood intake data and TE levels in maternal urine, milk, hair, peripheral venous blood, mixed cord blood, and new-borns' urine were available from previous studies. We compared TEs between ε4+ and ε4- carriers using Mann-Whitney U tests and applied multiple linear regression models to analyse the TE's dependence on the presence of allele ε4 (genotypes ε3/ε4, ε4/ε4) in combination with other explanatory variables. We identified 17% (n = 37) and 20% (n = 35) ε4 allele carriers in mothers and new-borns, respectively. The Mann-Whitney U test showed that mothers with the ε4 allele had significantly higher mean levels of (methyl)mercury in peripheral venous blood, cord blood, and hair; arsenic in urine and cord blood; and selenium in peripheral venous blood and plasma. However, taking confounders into account, only the maternal plasma selenium remained statistically significant in the linear regression models (ε4 carriers vs non-carriers: 62.6 vs 54.9 ng/mL, p < 0.001). Literature suggestions of possible ε4 allele impact on Hg levels were not observed, while superior selenium status observed in healthy pregnant women carrying allele ε4 could be linked to the proposed APOE ε4 beneficial effects early in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajda Trdin
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janja Snoj Tratnik
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Anja Stajnko
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janja Marc
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Darja Mazej
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Alenka Sešek Briški
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Igor Prpić
- Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital Centre Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Oleg Petrović
- Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital Centre Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | | | - Milena Horvat
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ingrid Falnoga
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Nguyen TT, Ta QTH, Nguyen TKO, Nguyen TTD, Vo VG. Role of Body-Fluid Biomarkers in Alzheimer's Disease Diagnosis. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:diagnostics10050326. [PMID: 32443860 PMCID: PMC7277970 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10050326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disease that requires extremely specific biomarkers for its diagnosis. For current diagnostics capable of identifying AD, the development and validation of early stage biomarkers is a top research priority. Body-fluid biomarkers might closely reflect synaptic dysfunction in the brain and, thereby, could contribute to improving diagnostic accuracy and monitoring disease progression, and serve as markers for assessing the response to disease-modifying therapies at early onset. Here, we highlight current advances in the research on the capabilities of body-fluid biomarkers and their role in AD pathology. Then, we describe and discuss current applications of the potential biomarkers in clinical diagnostics in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuy Trang Nguyen
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HUTECH), Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam;
| | - Qui Thanh Hoai Ta
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Danang 550000, Vietnam;
| | - Thi Kim Oanh Nguyen
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Food Industry, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam;
| | - Thi Thuy Dung Nguyen
- Faculty of Environmental and Food Engineering, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam
- Correspondence: (T.T.D.N.); (V.G.V.)
| | - Van Giau Vo
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Environment, Gachon University, 1342 Sungnam-daero, Sujung-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 461-701, Korea
- Department of BionanoTechnology, Gachon University, 1342 Sungnam-daero, Sujung-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 461-701, Korea
- Correspondence: (T.T.D.N.); (V.G.V.)
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50
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Bagyinszky E, Giau VV, An SA. Transcriptomics in Alzheimer's Disease: Aspects and Challenges. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3517. [PMID: 32429229 PMCID: PMC7278930 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia. Although the heritability of AD is high, the knowledge of the disease-associated genes, their expression, and their disease-related pathways remain limited. Hence, finding the association between gene dysfunctions and pathological mechanisms, such as neuronal transports, APP processing, calcium homeostasis, and impairment in mitochondria, should be crucial. Emerging studies have revealed that changes in gene expression and gene regulation may have a strong impact on neurodegeneration. The mRNA-transcription factor interactions, non-coding RNAs, alternative splicing, or copy number variants could also play a role in disease onset. These facts suggest that understanding the impact of transcriptomes in AD may improve the disease diagnosis and also the therapies. In this review, we highlight recent transcriptome investigations in multifactorial AD, with emphasis on the insights emerging at their interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Bagyinszky
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Environment, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea;
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea
| | - Vo Van Giau
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Environment, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea;
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea
| | - SeongSoo A. An
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea
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