Dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Short-Term Vision-Related Ocular Side Effects of Treatment with Dexmethylphenidate for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Objective: To evaluate the short-term effect of dexmethylphenidate (D-MPH) on visual acuity (VA), pupil size, anterior chamber depth, and accommodation-convergence reflex in children treated with D-MPH for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Method: Prospective cohort study including 15 patients aged 8-16 (11.58 ± 2.39) treated with D-MPH for ADHD. Patients were questioned for subjective complaints such as blurred vision and photosensitivity. An ophthalmic evaluation was performed twice; before and 1.5 hours after D-MPH administration. The examination included evaluation of best corrected visual acuity at distance and near, accommodation range, convergence range, 3D vision test (stereopsis), and anterior segment optical coherence tomography. Results: A significant association between change in pupil diameter and D-MPH treatment dose was demonstrated (p = 0.01). In addition, a positive correlation between complaints about blurred vision and pupil's size change was found (p < 0.05). There were no significant changes in VA, convergence range, stereopsis, accommodation range, or anterior chamber measures. Conclusions: Our findings provide support for the effect of stimulants on pupil diameter in a dose-dependent manner. No clinically significant differences in visual functions were found 1.5 hours after consumption of D-MPH. Institutional review board clinical trial refference no. 0122-17-TLV.

OUP accepted manuscript

A simple, robust stability indicating RP-HPLC method was developed for simultaneous quantification of serdexmethyl phenidate and dexmethyl phenidate in a fixed capsule dosage form. This is the first method to be reported for simultaneous estimation and quantification of degradation products produced from forced stressing of the dosage form as per ICH guidelines. The chromatographic separation was attained on Waters X-terra C18 column using a mixture of trifluoro acetic acid and acetonitrile (70:30 v/v) as mobile phase with a flow rate of 1 mL, monitored at 265 nm over a run time of 10 min. Serdexmethyl phenidate and dexmethyl phenidate were eluted with retention times of 2.71 min and 7.33 min, respectively. The method displayed linear responses in the range of 4.2-63 μg/mL (0.9994) for serdexmethyl phenidate and 0.9 to 3.5 μg/mL (0.9998) for dexmethyl phenidate, respectively. The percentage recoveries of the two drugs were found within the acceptable limits. Forced degradation was conducted and showed considerable degradation in various stress conditions. It also confirms the specificity of the method as no interference peaks were observed concerning for to stress products. This method can be routinely used in quality control labs for simultaneous determination of respective drugs in marketed dosage form.

Sleep modulating agents

Sleep and wake are two fundamental states of human existence. Conditions such as insomnia and hypersomnia can have profound negative effects on human health. Many pharmacological interventions impacting sleep and wake are available or are under development. This brief digest surveys early approaches to sleep modulation and highlights recent developments in sleep modulating agents.

Effectiveness of a children's home and community-based services waiver program

OBJECTIVE

Limited alternatives exist to residential treatment or hospitalization for children with the most serious emotional disturbances. Community-based interventions are intended to offer less restrictive and expensive options than traditional treatment. One such program is New York State's Home and Community-Based Services (HCBS) Waiver Program.

METHODS

From 1996 to 2002, 169 children were enrolled in the Manhattan HCBS. All spent at least one month on the wait list prior to admission to the waiver program. We used our wait list as a control group (WLC), allowing for comparison of the HCBS intervention.

RESULTS

Sample consisted of 169 children between the ages of five and eighteen. The ethnic composition was 46.8% Hispanic (N = 79), 47.9% African-American (N = 81), and 5.3% Caucasian (N = 9). Average stay was 12 months in the HCBS program and 3.5 months for the WLC. Only 30% of children in the WLC were maintained in the community, while 81% of children in the HCBS were similarly maintained (P < 0.001). Also, the rate of hospitalization for the HCBS group was significantly lower (3 versus 41%; P < 0.001). There was also a trend for the WLC group to have had substantially higher rates of removal by the Administration for Children's Services (New York City's protective service agency) (8.3 versus 1.8%) and to more frequently require residential treatment (13.0 versus 8.9%).

CONCLUSIONS

It would seem that the HCBS program appears to be a clinically and cost-effective method of maintaining children in their community.