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Abtahi MS, Fotouhi A, Rezaei N, Akalin H, Ozkul Y, Hossein-Khannazer N, Vosough M. Nano-based drug delivery systems in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Drug Target 2024:1-19. [PMID: 38847573 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2024.2365937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/19/2024]
Abstract
The high recurrence rate of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and poor prognosis after medical treatment reflects the necessity to improve the current chemotherapy protocols, particularly drug delivery methods. Development of targeted and efficient drug delivery systems (DDSs), in all active, passive and stimuli-responsive forms for selective delivery of therapeutic drugs to the tumour site has been extended to improve efficacy and reduce the severe side effects. Recent advances in nanotechnology offer promising breakthroughs in the diagnosis, treatment and monitoring of cancer cells. In this review, the specific design of DDSs based on the different nano-particles and their surface engineering is discussed. In addition, the innovative clinical studies in which nano-based DDS was used in the treatment of HCC were highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Sadat Abtahi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Fotouhi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloufar Rezaei
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hilal Akalin
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Ozkul
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Nikoo Hossein-Khannazer
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Massoud Vosough
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Experimental Cancer Medicine, Institution for Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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Wójcik B, Zawadzka K, Sawosz E, Sosnowska M, Ostrowska A, Wierzbicki M. Cell Line-Dependent Adhesion and Inhibition of Proliferation on Carbon-Based Nanofilms. Nanotechnol Sci Appl 2023; 16:41-57. [PMID: 38111798 PMCID: PMC10726834 DOI: 10.2147/nsa.s439185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Disorganisation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) is strongly connected to tumor progression. Even small-scale changes can significantly influence the adhesion and proliferation of cancer cells. Therefore, the use of biocompatible nanomaterials capable of supporting and partially replenishing degraded ECM might be essential to recover the niche after tumor resection. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of graphene, graphene oxide, fullerene, and diamond nanofilms on breast cancer and glioblastoma grade IV cell lines. Methods Nanomaterials were characterized using SEM and TEM techniques; zeta potential analysis was also performed. Nanofilms of graphene, fullerene, and diamond nanoparticles were also characterized using AFM. The toxicity was tested on breast cancer MDA.MB.231 and glioblastoma grade IV U-87 MG cell lines, using LDH assay and by counting stained dead cells in bioprinted 3D models. The following parameters were analyzed: proliferation, adhesion to the nanofilm, and adhesion to particular ECM components covered with diamond nanoparticles. Results and Discussion Our studies demonstrated that nanofilms of graphene and diamond nanoparticles are characterized by cell-specific toxicity. Those nanomaterials were non-toxic to MDA.MB.231 cells. After applying bioprinted 3D models, diamond nanoparticles were not toxic for both cell lines. Nanofilms made of diamond nanoparticles and graphene inhibit the proliferation of MDA.MB.231 cells after 48 and 72 hours. Increased adhesion on nanofilm made of diamond nanoparticles was only observed for MDA.MB.231 cells after 30 and 60 minutes from seeding the cells. However, analysis of adhesion to certain ECM components coated with diamond nanoparticles revealed enhanced adhesion to tenascin and vitronectin for both tested cell lines. Conclusion Our studies show that nanofilm made of diamond nanoparticles is a non-toxic and pro-adhesive nanomaterial that might stabilize and partially replenish the niche after breast tumor resection as it enhances the adhesion of breast cancer cells and inhibits their proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Wójcik
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, 02-786, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Zawadzka
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, 02-786, Poland
| | - Ewa Sawosz
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, 02-786, Poland
| | - Malwina Sosnowska
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, 02-786, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Ostrowska
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, 02-786, Poland
| | - Mateusz Wierzbicki
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, 02-786, Poland
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Sosnowska M, Kutwin M, Koczoń P, Chwalibog A, Sawosz E. Polyhydroxylated Fullerene C 60(OH) 40 Nanofilms Promote the Mesenchymal-Epithelial Transition of Human Liver Cancer Cells via the TGF-β1/Smad Pathway. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:3739-3761. [PMID: 37663761 PMCID: PMC10474868 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s415378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The various growth factors change the phenotype of neoplastic cells from sedentary (epithelial) to invasive (mesenchymal), which weaken intercellular connections and promote chemotaxis. It can be assumed that the use of anti-inflammatory polyhydroxyfull nanofilms will restore the sedentary phenotype of neoplastic cells in the primary site of the tumor and, consequently, increase the effectiveness of the therapy. Methods The studies were carried out on liver cancer cells HepG2, C3A and SNU-449, and non-cancer hepatic cell line THLE-3. Transforming growth factor (TGF), epidermal growth factor and tumor necrosis factor were used to induce the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. C60(OH)40 nanofilm was used to induce the mesenchymal-epithelial transition. Obtaining an invasive phenotype was confirmed on the basis of changes in the morphology using inverted light microscopy. RT-PCR was used to confirm mesenchymal or epithelial phenotype based on e-cadherin, snail, vimentin expression or others. Water colloids at a concentration of 100 mg/L were used to create nanofilms of fullerene, fullerenol, diamond and graphene oxide. The ELISA test for the determination of TGF expression and growth factor antibody array were used to select the most anti-inflammatory carbon nanofilm. Mitochondrial activity and proliferation of cells were measured by XTT and BrdU tests. Results Cells lost their natural morphology of cells growing in clusters and resembled fibroblast cells after adding a cocktail of factors. Among the four allotropic forms of carbon tested, only the C60(OH)40 nanofilm inhibited the secretion of TGF in all the cell lines used and inhibited the secretion of other factors, including insulin-like growth factor system. Nanofilm C60(OH)40 was non-toxic to liver cells and inhibited the TGF-β1/Smad pathway of invasive cells treated with the growth factor cocktail. Conclusion The introduction of an anti-inflammatory, nontoxic component that can induce the mesenchymal-epithelial transition of cancer cells may represent a future adjuvant therapy after tumor resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malwina Sosnowska
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Kutwin
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Koczoń
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - André Chwalibog
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Ewa Sawosz
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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Szczepaniak J, Sosnowska M, Wierzbicki M, Witkowska-Pilaszewicz O, Strojny-Cieslak B, Jagiello J, Fraczek W, Kusmierz M, Grodzik M. Reduced Graphene Oxide Modulates the FAK-Dependent Signaling Pathway in Glioblastoma Multiforme Cells In Vitro. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:ma15175843. [PMID: 36079225 PMCID: PMC9457042 DOI: 10.3390/ma15175843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Aggressive invasiveness is a common feature of malignant gliomas, despite their high level of tumor heterogeneity and possible diverse cell origins. Therefore, it is important to explore new therapeutic methods. In this study, we evaluated and compared the effects of graphene (GN) and reduced graphene oxides (rGOs) on a highly invasive and neoplastic cell line, U87. The surface functional groups of the GN and rGO flakes were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The antitumor activity of these flakes was obtained by using the neutral red assay and their anti-migratory activity was determined using the wound healing assay. Further, we investigated the mRNA and protein expression levels of important cell adhesion molecules involved in migration and invasiveness. The rGO flakes, particularly rGO/ATS and rGO/TUD, were found highly toxic. The migration potential of both U87 and Hs5 cells decreased, especially after rGO/TUD treatment. A post-treatment decrease in mobility and FAK expression was observed in U87 cells treated with rGO/ATS and rGO/TUD flakes. The rGO/TUD treatment also reduced β-catenin expression in U87 cells. Our results suggest that rGO flakes reduce the migration and invasiveness of U87 tumor cells and can, thus, be used as potential antitumor agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslaw Szczepaniak
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Malwina Sosnowska
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mateusz Wierzbicki
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Olga Witkowska-Pilaszewicz
- Department of Large Animal Diseases and Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Strojny-Cieslak
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Jagiello
- Graphene and Composites Research Group, Łukasiewicz Research Network-Institute of Microelectronics and Photonics, 01-919 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wiktoria Fraczek
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Kusmierz
- Analytical Laboratory, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 3 Maria Curie-Skłodowska Square, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Marta Grodzik
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
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