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Wang C, Wang Y, Gong B, Wu Y, Chen X, Liu Y, Wei J. Effective Components and Molecular Mechanism of Agarwood Essential Oil Inhalation and the Sedative and Hypnotic Effects Based on GC-MS-Qtof and Molecular Docking. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27113483. [PMID: 35684421 PMCID: PMC9182217 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Agarwood has been used for the administration of hypnotic therapy. Its aromatic scent induces a relaxed state. However, its aromatic constituents and the underlying molecular effect are still unclear. This study aims to determine the active substance and molecular mechanism of the hypnotic effect of agarwood essential oil (AEO) incense inhalation in insomniac mice. Insomnia models were induced by para-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA, 300 mg/kg) in mice. The sleep-promoting effect was evaluated. Neurotransmitter levels and its receptor were detected to explore the molecular mechanism. The effective components were analyzed by GC-Q/TOF-MS of AEO. The binding mechanisms of the core compounds and core targets were verified by molecular docking. These results showed that AEO inhalation could significantly shorten sleep latency and prolong sleep time, inhibit autonomous activity and exert good sedative and sleep-promoting effects. A mechanistic study showed that AEO inhalation increased the levels of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABAA), the GABAA/glutamic acid (Glu) ratio, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and adenosine (AD), upregulated the expression levels of GluR1, VGluT1 and 5-HT1A and downregulated 5-HT2A levels. Component analysis showed that the most abundant medicinal compounds were eremophilanes, cadinanes and eudesmanes. Moreover, the docking results showed that the core components stably bind to various receptors. The study demonstrated the bioactive constituents and mechanisms of AEO in its sedative and hypnotic effects and its multicomponent, multitarget and multipathway treatment characteristics in PCPA-induced insomniac mice. These results provide theoretical evidence for insomnia treatment and pharmaceutical product development with AEO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canhong Wang
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Conservation and Development of Southern Medicine, Hainan Branch of the Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Haikou 570311, China; (C.W.); (Y.W.); (B.G.); (Y.W.); (X.C.)
- Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Agarwood Sustainable Utilization, Hainan Branch of the Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Haikou 570311, China
| | - Yunyun Wang
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Conservation and Development of Southern Medicine, Hainan Branch of the Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Haikou 570311, China; (C.W.); (Y.W.); (B.G.); (Y.W.); (X.C.)
- Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Agarwood Sustainable Utilization, Hainan Branch of the Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Haikou 570311, China
| | - Bao Gong
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Conservation and Development of Southern Medicine, Hainan Branch of the Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Haikou 570311, China; (C.W.); (Y.W.); (B.G.); (Y.W.); (X.C.)
- Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Agarwood Sustainable Utilization, Hainan Branch of the Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Haikou 570311, China
| | - Yulan Wu
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Conservation and Development of Southern Medicine, Hainan Branch of the Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Haikou 570311, China; (C.W.); (Y.W.); (B.G.); (Y.W.); (X.C.)
- Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Agarwood Sustainable Utilization, Hainan Branch of the Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Haikou 570311, China
| | - Xiqin Chen
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Conservation and Development of Southern Medicine, Hainan Branch of the Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Haikou 570311, China; (C.W.); (Y.W.); (B.G.); (Y.W.); (X.C.)
- Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Agarwood Sustainable Utilization, Hainan Branch of the Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Haikou 570311, China
| | - Yangyang Liu
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Conservation and Development of Southern Medicine, Hainan Branch of the Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Haikou 570311, China; (C.W.); (Y.W.); (B.G.); (Y.W.); (X.C.)
- Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Agarwood Sustainable Utilization, Hainan Branch of the Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Haikou 570311, China
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (J.W.); Tel.: +86-898-3158-9007 (Y.L.); +86-10-5783-3016 (J.W.)
| | - Jianhe Wei
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Conservation and Development of Southern Medicine, Hainan Branch of the Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Haikou 570311, China; (C.W.); (Y.W.); (B.G.); (Y.W.); (X.C.)
- Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Agarwood Sustainable Utilization, Hainan Branch of the Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Haikou 570311, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Breeding of Endangered Medicinal Materials, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (J.W.); Tel.: +86-898-3158-9007 (Y.L.); +86-10-5783-3016 (J.W.)
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Jo K, Kim S, Hong KB, Suh HJ. Nelumbo nucifera promotes non-rapid eye movement sleep by regulating GABAergic receptors in rat model. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 267:113511. [PMID: 33148434 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Nelumbo nucifera are used in folk medicine for anti-depressant, anti-convulsant, neuroprotective, and many other purposes. AIM OF THE STUDY The present work evaluated the sleep potentiating effects of water extract from lotus seed in rat, and the neuropharmacological mechanisms underlying these effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS Pentobarbital-induced sleep test and electroencephalogram (EEG) analysis were applied to investigate sleep latency, duration, total sleeping time and sleep quality of Lotus extract. In addition, real-time PCR and HPLC analysis were applied to analyze the signaling pathway. RESULTS We found that the amounts of the possible active compounds GABA (2.33 mg/g) and L-tryptophan (2.00 mg/g) were higher than quinidine (0.55 mg/g) and neferine (0.16 mg/g) in lotus seed extract. High dose (160 mg/kg) administration of lotus extract led to a tendency towards decreased sleep latency time and an increase in sleep duration time compared to the control group in a pentobarbital-induced sleep model (p < 0.05). After high dose administration, total sleep and NREM were significantly increased compared to control, while wake time and REM were significantly decreased. Lotus extract-treated rats showed significantly reduced wake time and increased sleep time in a caffeine-induced model of arousal. The transcription level of GABAA receptor, GABAB receptor, and serotonin receptor tended to increase with dose, and lotus extract showed a strong dose-dependent binding capacity to the GABAA receptor. CONCLUSION The above results strongly suggest that GABA contained in lotus seed extract acts as a sleep potentiating compound, and that sleep-potentiating activity involves GABAA receptor binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungae Jo
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Sciences, Graduate School, Korea Univetsity, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Singeun Kim
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Sciences, Graduate School, Korea Univetsity, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ki-Bae Hong
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Sciences, Graduate School, Korea Univetsity, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyung Joo Suh
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Sciences, Graduate School, Korea Univetsity, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
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Investigation the effect of jujube seed capsule on sleep quality of postmenopausal women: A double-blind randomized clinical trial. Biomedicine (Taipei) 2020; 10:42-48. [PMID: 33854934 PMCID: PMC7735973 DOI: 10.37796/2211-8039.1038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bakground and objective Sleep disorder is among the most common problems in the life of postmenopausal women. Because of the complications of chemical drugs, many women prefer to use herbal supplements for relieving sleep problems. So, the main objective of this study was to determine the effect of the jujube seed capsule on sleep quality in postmenopausal women. Materials and methods This study was a double-blind clinical trial conducted on 106 postmenopausal women in Khuzestan province, southwest of Iran. All participants were selected by a simple non-probability sampling method. Data were collected through a demographic data form and the Pittsburgh sleeps quality index (PSQI). Individuals were randomly divided into intervention (n = 53) and control (n = 53) groups. The intervention group received 250 mg oral jujube seed capsule and the control group received a placebo capsule twice a day for 21 days. After the treatment, the PSQI was completed in both intervention and control groups. Data were analyzed using the independent t-test and the Chi-square test using SPSS software version 24, and p-value < 0.05 was considered as the significance level. Results The results revealed that after treatment, the mean scores of sleep quality decreased in the intervention and control group. Although this difference was statistically significant in both intervention and control groups (p-value < 0.05), more reduction observed in the intervention group (p-value < 0.001). Conclusion Consumption of the jujube seed capsule had a positive impact on improving the sleep quality of postmenopausal women and could be recommended as a useful herbal medication.
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Abdellah SA, Berlin A, Blondeau C, Guinobert I, Guilbot A, Beck M, Duforez F. A combination of Eschscholtzia californica Cham. and Valeriana officinalis L. extracts for adjustment insomnia: A prospective observational study. J Tradit Complement Med 2019; 10:116-123. [PMID: 32257874 PMCID: PMC7109475 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Eschscholtzia californica Cham. and Valeriana officinalis L. have long been used for the management of sleep disorders and anxiety. Use of a fixed combination of these two plant extracts (Phytostandard® d’Eschscholtzia et de Valériane, PiLeJe Laboratoire, France) was investigated in an observational study. Adults with adjustment insomnia according to the criteria of the International Classification of Sleep Disorders and with an insomnia severity index (ISI) score >7 enrolled by GPs took a maximum of four tablets of the eschscholtzia and valerian combination every night for four weeks. Within one month, ISI score decreased by approximately 30% (from 16.09 ± 3.67 at inclusion (V1) to 11.32 ± 4.78 at 4 weeks (V2); p < 0.0001). Night sleep duration significantly increased between the first and the fourth week of supplement intake, sleep efficiency increasing from 78.4% ± 12.5 to 84.6% ± 10.2 (p = 0.002). There was no improvement in sleep latency. The number of awakenings decreased by approximately 25% and their total duration by approximately 25 min. Anxiety score significantly decreased by 50% from 13.9 ± 7.3 at V1 to 6.7 ± 6.3 at V2 (p < 0.0001). The supplement was well tolerated. These results suggest that the tested combination of eschscholtzia and valerian extracts could be beneficial for the management of insomnia in adults and deserves further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aurélie Berlin
- Groupe PiLeJe, 37 quai de Grenelle, 75015, Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Claude Blondeau
- Groupe PiLeJe, 37 quai de Grenelle, 75015, Paris Cedex 15, France
| | | | - Angèle Guilbot
- Groupe PiLeJe, 37 quai de Grenelle, 75015, Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Marc Beck
- 1 avenue Cornaudric, 31240, L'Union, France
| | - François Duforez
- Hotel-Dieu de Paris, Centre du Sommeil et de la Vigilance, 1 Place du parvis Notre-Dame, 75181, Paris Cedex, France
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