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Ishibashi Y, Nishitani R, Shimura A, Takeuchi A, Touko M, Kato T, Chiba S, Ashidate K, Ishiwata N, Ichijo T, Sasabe M. Non-GABA sleep medications, suvorexant as risk factors for falls: Case-control and case-crossover study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238723. [PMID: 32916693 PMCID: PMC7486134 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the risk of falls associated with the use of non-gamma amino butyric acid (GABA) sleep medications, suvorexant and ramelteon. This case-control and case-crossover study was performed at the Kudanzaka Hospital, Chiyoda Ward, Tokyo. A total of 325 patients who had falls and 1295 controls matched by sex and age were included. The inclusion criteria for the case group were hospitalized patients who had their first fall and that for the control were patients who were hospitalized and did not have a fall, between January 2016 and November 2018. The internal sleep medications administered were classified as suvorexant, ramelteon, non-benzodiazepines, benzodiazepines, or kampo. In the case-control study, age, sex, clinical department, the fall down risk score, and hospitalized duration were adjusted in the logistic regression model. In the case-control study, multivariable logistic regression showed that the use of suvorexant (odds ratio [OR]: 2.61, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.29-5.28), nonbenzodiazepines (OR: 2.49, 95% CI: 1.73-3.59), and benzodiazepines (OR: 1.65, 95% CI: 1.16-2.34) was significantly associated with an increased OR of falls. However, the use of ramelteon (OR: 1.40, 95% CI: 0.60-3.16) and kampo (OR: 1.55, 95% CI: 0.75-3.19) was not significantly associated with an increased OR of falls. In the case-crossover study, the use of suvorexant (OR: 1.78, 95% CI: 1.05-3.00) and nonbenzodiazepines (OR: 1.63, 95% CI: 1.17-2.27) was significantly associated with an increased OR of falls. Similar patterns were observed in several sensitivity analyses. It was suggested that suvorexant increases the OR of falls. This result is robust in various analyses. This study showed that the risk of falls also exists for non-GABA sleep medication, suvorexant, and thus it is necessary to carefully prescribe hypnotic drugs under appropriate assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Ishibashi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kudanzaka Hospital, Company Overview of Federation of National Public Service Personnel Mutual Aid Associations, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rie Nishitani
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Shimura
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Sleep and Psychiatry, Kanno Hospital, Wako-shi, Saitama, Japan
| | - Ayano Takeuchi
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mamoru Touko
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Kato
- Department of Pharmacy, Kudanzaka Hospital, Company Overview of Federation of National Public Service Personnel Mutual Aid Associations, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sahoko Chiba
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiko Ashidate
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuo Ishiwata
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoyasu Ichijo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masataka Sasabe
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Kishi T, Nomura I, Matsuda Y, Sakuma K, Okuya M, Ikuta T, Iwata N. Lemborexant vs suvorexant for insomnia: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. J Psychiatr Res 2020; 128:68-74. [PMID: 32531478 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
We conducted a random-effects model network meta-analysis to examine differences between lemborexant and suvorexant in efficacy and safety outcomes for treating patients with insomnia. We searched Embase, MEDLINE, and CENTRAL from their inception until April/28/2020. Primary outcomes were subjective time to sleep onset (sTSO), subjective total sleep time (sTST), and subjective wake-after-sleep onset (sWASO) at week 1. Four double-blind, randomized controlled trials were identified (n = 3237; 72.4% female; mean age 58.0 years). The treatment arm consisted of lemborexant 10 mg/d (LEM10, n = 592), lemborexant 5 mg/d (LEM5, n = 589), suvorexant 20/15 mg/d (SUV20/15, n = 493), zolpidem tartrate extended release 6.25 mg/d (ZOL6.25, n = 263), and placebo (n = 1300). All active treatments outperformed placebo regarding sTSO at week 1; standardized mean differences (95% credible interval): LEM10 = -0.51 (-0.63, -0.39), LEM5 = -0.48 (-0.60, -0.36), SUV20/15 = -0.21 (-0.33, -0.10), and ZOL6.25 = -0.30 (-0.46, -0.14); sTST at week 1: LEM10 = -0.58 (-0.70, -0.45), LEM5 = -0.33 (-0.46, -0.21), SUV20/15 = -0.34 (-0.46, -0.23), and ZOL6.25 = -0.42 (-0.59, -0.25); and sWASO at week 1: LEM10 = -0.42 (-0.57, -0.28), LEM5 = -0.26 (-0.40, -0.11), SUV20/15 = -0.18 (-0.32, -0.05), and ZOL6.25 = -0.37 (-0.56, -0.18). Although no significant differences were found in discontinuation due to adverse events between each active drug and placebo, LEM10 and SUV20/15 were associated with greater somnolence compared with placebo. LEM10 had the largest effect size compared with placebo for all primary outcomes, although with a risk of somnolence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Kishi
- Department of Psychiatry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan.
| | - Ikuo Nomura
- Department of Psychiatry, The Moriyama General Mental Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, 463-8570, Japan
| | - Yuki Matsuda
- Department of Psychiatry, Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Kenji Sakuma
- Department of Psychiatry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Makoto Okuya
- Department of Psychiatry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Ikuta
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, School of Applied Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Nakao Iwata
- Department of Psychiatry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
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Kishi T, Sakuma K, Okuya M, Ninomiya K, Oya K, Kubo M, Matsui Y, Nomura I, Okuyama Y, Matsunaga S, Iwata N. Suvorexant for insomnia in patients with psychiatric disorder: A 1-week, open-label study. Neuropsychopharmacol Rep 2019; 39:252-255. [PMID: 31283862 PMCID: PMC7292311 DOI: 10.1002/npr2.12069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim There have been no previous reports on the efficacy and safety of suvorexant for insomnia in people with psychiatric disorders. Methods This one‐week, prospective, single‐arm, clinical trial of fixed dose of suvorexant (20 mg if ages 18–64 or 15 mg if age ≥ 65 years) for insomnia included 57 patients with psychiatric disorders who had experienced any of the following insomnia symptoms for four or more nights during the week prior to the start of the study: total sleep time (TST) <6 hours, time to sleep onset (TSO) ≥30 minutes, or two or more episodes of wake after sleep onset. Results The mean age of the patients was 49.4 ± 17.3 years; 54.4% were women, 49.1% had a major depressive disorder, and 77.2% completed the trial. Compared with the baseline scores (the mean scores for the two days before the start of the study), taking suvorexant was associated with significant improvements in TST, TSO, wake time after sleep onset, and the patients' sleep satisfaction level at week 1. Adverse events included at least one adverse event (43.9%), sleepiness (28.8%), fatigue (11.5%), nightmares (5.8%), headache (3.8%), dizziness (3.8%), and vomiting (1.9%). Conclusion Suvorexant was beneficial for the treatment of insomnia in people with psychiatric disorders. However, this study was of short duration and included only a relatively small number of patients. A larger, long‐term study is needed to investigate the efficacy and safety of suvorexant for insomnia in people with psychiatric disorders. This is one‐week, prospective, single‐arm, clinical trial of fixed dose of suvorexant for insomnia included 57 patients with psychiatric disorders. Compared with the baseline scores, taking suvorexant was associated with significant improvements in total sleep time, time to sleep onset, wake time after sleep onset, and the patients' sleep satisfaction level at week 1.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Kishi
- Department of Psychiatry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kenji Sakuma
- Department of Psychiatry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Makoto Okuya
- Department of Psychiatry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kohei Ninomiya
- Department of Psychiatry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kazuto Oya
- Department of Psychiatry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Momoko Kubo
- Department of Psychiatry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, The Okehazama Hospital, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yuki Matsui
- Department of Psychiatry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, The Jindai Hospital, Toyota, Aichi, Japan
| | - Ikuo Nomura
- Department of Psychiatry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, The Moriyama General Mental Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yuji Okuyama
- Department of Psychiatry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, The Moriyama General Mental Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Shinji Matsunaga
- Department of Psychiatry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan.,Department of Geriatrics and Cognitive Disorders, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Nakao Iwata
- Department of Psychiatry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
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Spadoni G, Bedini A, Lucarini S, Mor M, Rivara S. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluation of ramelteon : an insomnia therapy. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2015; 11:1145-56. [PMID: 25956235 DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2015.1045487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ramelteon , a selective melatonin receptor agonist, is the first member of a novel class of hypnotics. It is approved for the treatment of insomnia characterized by sleep onset difficulties in the US and Japan, but not in Europe. AREAS COVERED The main clinical properties as well as safety issues of ramelteon are described. Relevant publications reporting ramelteon characteristics and its use in insomnia disorder were identified using PubMed and SciFinder databases up to January 2015. Additional information was collected from the US clinical trials database and from Takeda website. EXPERT OPINION Despite its high prevalence and economic burden, insomnia disorder remains mostly untreated. Ramelteon has demonstrated sleep-promoting effects in clinical trials and clinical practice, and it is not associated with the adverse effects typical of other class of hypnotics. Its efficacy appears to be relatively modest compared to current insomnia therapeutics, and its use seems restricted to patients with sleep onset difficulties. Assessment of ramelteon effects on sleep quality and maintenance, daytime function and of improvements in comorbid insomnia conditions deserves further studies. The potential application of ramelteon in other pathological conditions could open the way to novel therapeutic approaches as well as to new market opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilberto Spadoni
- Università degli Studi di Urbino "Carlo Bo", Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari , Piazza Rinascimento 6, I-61029 Urbino , Italy +039 0722 303322 ; +039 0722 303313 ;
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Therapeutic rationale for low dose doxepin in insomnia patients. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF TROPICAL DISEASE 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s2222-1808(13)60080-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Pandi-Perumal SR, Spence DW, Verster JC, Srinivasan V, Brown GM, Cardinali DP, Hardeland R. Pharmacotherapy of insomnia with ramelteon: safety, efficacy and clinical applications. J Cent Nerv Syst Dis 2011; 3:51-65. [PMID: 23861638 PMCID: PMC3663615 DOI: 10.4137/jcnsd.s1611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Ramelteon is a tricyclic synthetic analog of melatonin that acts specifically on MT1 and MT2 melatonin receptors. Ramelteon is the first melatonin receptor agonist approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of insomnia characterized by sleep onset difficulties. Ramelteon is both a chronobiotic and a hypnotic that has been shown to promote sleep initiation and maintenance in various preclinical and in clinical trials. The efficacy and safety of ramelteon in patients with chronic insomnia was initially confirmed in short-term placebo-controlled trials. These showed little evidence of next-day residual effects, withdrawal symptoms or rebound insomnia. Other studies indicated that ramelteon lacked abuse potential and had a minimal risk of producing dependence or adverse effects on cognitive or psychomotor performance. A 6-month placebo-controlled international study and a 1-year open-label study in the USA demonstrated that ramelteon was effective and well tolerated. Other potential off-label uses of ramelteon include circadian rhythm sleep disorders such as shift-work and jet lag. At the present time the drug should be cautiously prescribed for short-term treatment only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Tahir Hussain
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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