The Effect of Basic CPR Training on Adults' Knowledge and Performance in Rural Areas of Iran: A Quasi-Experimental Study

A comparison between the effects of simulation of basic CPR training and workshops on firefighters' knowledge and skills: experimental study

BACKGROUND

One of the most common causes of death worldwide is cardiopulmonary arrest. Firefighters are among the first responders at the scenes of accidents and can, therefore, play a key part in performing basic cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) for victims who need it. The present study was conducted to compare the effects of simulation training against workshops on the CPR knowledge and skills of firefighters in the south of Iran.

METHODS

This experimental (Interventional) study was conducted on 60 firefighters of south of Fars province, Iran. The study was undertaken from March to July 2023. Through random allocation, the participants were divided into two groups: simulation-based training (30 members) and traditional workshop training (30 members). The participants' CPR knowledge and practical skills were measured before, immediately after, and three months after intervention.

RESULTS

The findings of the study revealed a statistically significant difference between the pretest and posttest CPR knowledge and skill mean scores of the simulation groups as compared to the workshop group (p < 0.001). As measured three months after the intervention, the firefighters' knowledge and skill mean scores were still significantly different from their pretest mean scores (p < 0.001); however, they had declined, which can be attributed to the fact that the study population did not frequently exercise CPR.

CONCLUSION

Based on the findings of the study, even though both methods of education were effective on enhancing the firefighters' CPR knowledge and skill, simulation training had a far greater impact than training in workshops. In view of the decline in the participants' knowledge and skill scores over time, it is recommended that short simulation training courses on CPR should be repeated on a regular basis.

Community Interventions for Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest in Resource-Limited Settings: A Scoping Review Across Low, Middle, and High-Income Countries

BACKGROUND

Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is a major global health challenge, characterized by poor survival outcomes worldwide. Resource-limited settings are burdened with suboptimal emergency response and worse outcomes than high-resource areas. Engaging the community in the response to OHCA has the potential to improve outcomes, although an overview of community interventions in resource-limited settings has not been provided.

OBJECTIVE

This review evaluated the scope of community-based OHCA interventions in resource-limited settings.

METHODS

Literature searches in electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Global Health, CINAHL, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Clinical Trials) and grey literature sources were performed. Abstract screening, full-text review, and data extraction of eligible studies were conducted independently by two reviewers. The PCC (Population, Concept, and Context) framework was used to assess study eligibility. Studies that evaluated community-based interventions for laypeople (Population), targeting emergency response activation, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), or automated external defibrillator (AED) use (Concept) in resource-limited settings (Context) were included. Resource-limited settings were identified by financial pressures (low-income or lower-middle-income country, according to World Bank data on year of publication) or geographical factors (setting described using keywords indicative of geographical remoteness in upper-middle-income or high-income country).

RESULTS

Among 14,810 records identified from literature searches, 60 studies from 28 unique countries were included in this review. Studies were conducted in high-income (n = 35), upper-middle-income (n = 2), lower-middle-income (n = 22), and low-income countries (n = 1). Community interventions included bystander CPR and/or AED training (n = 34), community responder programs (n = 8), drone-delivered AED networks (n = 6), dispatcher-assisted CPR programs (n = 4), regional resuscitation campaigns (n = 3), public access defibrillation programs (n = 3), and crowdsourcing technologies (n = 2). CPR and/or AED training were the only interventions evaluated in low-income, lower-middle-income, and upper-middle-income countries.

CONCLUSIONS

Interventions aimed at improving the community response to OHCA in resource-limited settings differ globally. There is a lack of reported studies from low-income countries and certain continental regions, including South America, Africa, and Oceania. Evaluation of interventions other than CPR and/or AED training in low- and middle-income countries is needed to guide community emergency planning and health policies.

Knowledge and attitude of basic life support skills among female school teacher in Al-Madinah, Saudi Arabia

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES

Basic life support (BLS) is the care provided by first responders in case of cardiac or respiratory arrest in order to save someone's life. This study aimed to assess the knowledge and attitude of BLS skills among female school teachers in Al-Madinah.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

This cross-sectional study was conducted among 302 female teachers in 24 governmental school Al-Madinah city in 2019 by using a self-administrated questionnaire. T-test and ANOVA test were used to compare mean knowledge scale across variables.

RESULTS

The majority aged 41-50 years (46%). Only 30.5% had completed cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training and 73.9% had trained more than 2 years ago. Most of them (94.7%) wanted more training in CPR. The main reason to attend CPR training was to avoid unnecessary death (48.7%). The mean knowledge scale was (5.63 ± 1.49). There was a significant difference in the knowledge score between those who had observed CPR and those who had not observed CPR (P = 0.045).

CONCLUSION

The knowledge and skills of BLS were low among female school teachers. Teachers' attitude toward CPR training was positive.