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Chauchat L, Guerin C, Rebika H, Sahyoun M, Collignon N. Real-Life Study on the Efficacy and Tolerance of a Preservative-Free Surfactant-Free Latanoprost Eye Drop in Patients with Glaucoma. Ophthalmol Ther 2024; 13:2661-2677. [PMID: 39133376 PMCID: PMC11408444 DOI: 10.1007/s40123-024-01013-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study is to assess the real-life efficacy and tolerance of a new preservative-free, surfactant-free latanoprost (PFSF-LAT) formulation. METHODS Retrospective, multicentre, non-comparative, observational study in patients with ocular hypertension or open angle glaucoma, naïve or non-naïve to previous intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering treatment, and treated for at least 3 months with the study eye drop. IOP for worse eye, ocular signs and symptoms, and concomitant use of artificial tears were collected at study drug initiation and at last visit under treatment. Reasons for discontinuing the study eye drop (if relevant) and investigators' satisfaction were also assessed. RESULTS In the per protocol population (103 eyes; 63 naïve, 39 switched, 1 not classified because of missing data), IOP decreased significantly (p < 0.001) from 21.6 ± 5.0 mmHg at baseline to 16.1 ± 3.5 mmHg at the end of the study (mean reduction of - 5.5 ± 4.6 mmHg; - 25.5%). IOP in naïve patients was significantly improved, with a mean reduction of 7.1 mmHg (- 30.7%), which was within expected latanoprost IOP-lowering effect. Interestingly, in previously treated patients, switching to PFSF-LAT also allowed for a further 2.9 mmHg decrease in IOP (p < 0.001). The incidence of ocular side effects at study initiation was significantly (p < 0.001) reduced from 31.1% to 11.3% in the overall population, and from 65.0% to 7.5% in switched patients. This included conjunctival hyperaemia and superficial punctate keratitis (from 42.5% to 2.5% and from 37.5% to 2.5% in switched patients, respectively). According to investigators, tolerance and efficacy of the study eye drop were satisfactory or very satisfactory in 98.1% and 83.2% of patients, respectively. CONCLUSION PFSF-LAT is an efficient treatment for patients with glaucoma with an improved tolerance profile. It can be considered as initial therapy in naïve patients or in patients with poor ocular tolerance to previous IOP-lowering eye drops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure Chauchat
- Laboratoires Horus Pharma, 22 Allée Camille Muffat, 06200, Nice, France.
| | - Camille Guerin
- Laboratoires Horus Pharma, 22 Allée Camille Muffat, 06200, Nice, France
| | - Hayette Rebika
- Laboratoires Horus Pharma, 22 Allée Camille Muffat, 06200, Nice, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Marwan Sahyoun
- Laboratoires Horus Pharma, 22 Allée Camille Muffat, 06200, Nice, France
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Messmer EM, Baudouin C, Benitez-Del-Castillo JM, Iester M, Anton A, Thygesen J, Topouzis F. Expert Consensus Recommendations for the Management of Ocular Surface Inflammation in Patients With Glaucoma. J Glaucoma 2024; 33:715-727. [PMID: 39018018 DOI: 10.1097/ijg.0000000000002465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
PRCIS We have developed through a consensus process 24 clinical recommendations for the comprehensive management of ocular surface inflammation in glaucoma patients, including diagnostic criteria, prevention measures, and treatment strategies according to ocular surface disease severity. PURPOSE To obtain expert consensus on the diagnosis, prevention, and management of ocular surface inflammation (OSI) in patients with glaucoma. METHODS An international steering committee of glaucoma and/or ocular surface disease (OSD) experts and a wider faculty of members from the Educational Club of Ocular Surface and Glaucoma (ECOS-G) collaborated to develop clinical recommendations on best practice in the management of OSI in glaucoma patients using a nonanonymous interactive quasi-Delphi process. Clinical recommendations were formulated by the steering committee based on an analysis of the recent literature to determine unmet needs, together with a web-based interactive survey of faculty members' opinion in seven identified areas of OSI management in glaucoma. Topics included (1) diagnosis of OSD, (2) diagnosis of OSI, (3) causes of OSI, (4) impact of OSD/OSI, (5) prevention of OSI, (6) treatment of OSI, and (7) inflammation and the deep structures of the eye. Faculty members were invited to vote on the clinical recommendations, and the steering committee then determined whether consensus had been achieved. RESULTS Consensus was obtained on 24 clinical recommendations by 80%-100% of faculty members. There was consensus that OSI should be investigated in all glaucoma patients. The main prevention measure in glaucoma patients with pre-existing OSD was the elimination/minimisation of preserved medications, especially BAK-preserved eye drops. A subtractive treatment strategy rather than an additive strategy is recommended according to OSI/OSD severity to improve the ocular health and/or before glaucoma surgery. CONCLUSION These recommendations for the management of OSI in glaucoma should be useful to guide decision-making in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christophe Baudouin
- Quinze-Vingts National Ophthalmology Hospital, INSERM-DGOS CIC 1423, IHU Foresight
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de La Vision, Paris
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ambroise Paré Hospital, APHP, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | | | - Michele Iester
- Clinica Oculistica, Department Of Neurology, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), University of Genoa, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Alfonso Anton
- Hospital de l'Esperança, Parc de Salut Mar, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut Català de Retina, Barcelona, Spain
| | - John Thygesen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Glaucoma Services in Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Fotis Topouzis
- First Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Brinkman D, McSwiney T, James M. Comparing the tolerability of preservative-free tafluprost versus preserved latanoprost in the management of glaucoma and ocular hypertension - an observer blinded active-control trial. Ir J Med Sci 2024; 193:2589-2595. [PMID: 38748195 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-024-03704-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dry eye is a condition related to long-term topical eye therapy. We wish to evaluate the effectiveness and tolerability of preservative free prostaglandin drops versus benzalkonium chloride containing prostaglandin drops in the treatment of glaucoma. METHODS Patients undergoing prostaglandin monotherapy underwent a washout period of at least 1 month after which baseline measurements of dry eye severity were taken. Patients were randomised to receive either 0.0015% tafluprost drops or 0.005% latanoprost preserved with 0.02% benzalkonium chloride. Repeat measurements were taken after a 2-month interval. RESULTS Thirty-five patients completed randomised treatment. No significant difference between groups was found in objective and subjective measurements of dry eye severity. No significant difference was found in measurement of treatment effectiveness. CONCLUSION Preservative-free and benzalkonium chloride-containing drops were found to be equally effective in lowering IOP with no significant difference in either subjective or objective measurements of dry eye severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Brinkman
- Ophthalmology Department, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland.
| | - Terence McSwiney
- Ophthalmology Department, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - Mark James
- Ophthalmology Department, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
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Kahook MY, Rapuano CJ, Messmer EM, Radcliffe NM, Galor A, Baudouin C. Preservatives and ocular surface disease: A review. Ocul Surf 2024; 34:213-224. [PMID: 39098762 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2024.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Ocular surface disease (OSD) is a complex condition that can cause a range of symptoms (e.g, dryness, irritation, and pain) and can significantly impact the quality of life of affected individuals. Iatrogenic OSD, a common finding in patients with glaucoma who receive chronic therapy with topical ocular antihypertensive drugs containing preservatives such as benzalkonium chloride (BAK), has been linked to damage to the ocular surface barrier, corneal epithelial cells, nerves, conjunctival goblet cells, and trabecular meshwork. Chronic BAK exposure activates inflammatory pathways and worsens symptoms, compromising the success of subsequent filtration surgery in an exposure-dependent manner. In eyes being treated for glaucoma, symptomatic treatment of OSD may provide some relief, but addressing the root cause of the OSD often necessitates reducing or, ideally, eliminating BAK toxicity. Strategies to decrease BAK exposure in patients with glaucoma encompass the use of preservative-free formulations or drugs with alternative and less toxic preservatives such as SofZia®, Polyquad, potassium sorbate, or Purite®. Though the benefits of these alternative preservatives are largely unproven, they might be considered when financial constraints prevent the use of preservative-free versions. For patients receiving multiple topical preserved drugs, the best practice is to switch to nonpreserved equivalents wherever feasible, regardless of OSD severity. Furthermore, nonpharmacological approaches, including laser or incisional procedures, should be considered. This review explores the effects of BAK on the ocular surface and reviews strategies for minimizing or eliminating BAK exposure in patients with glaucoma in order to significantly improve their quality of life and prevent complications associated with chronic exposure to BAK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malik Y Kahook
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sue Anschutz-Rodgers Eye Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States.
| | | | - Elisabeth M Messmer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nathan M Radcliffe
- New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States; New York Eye Surgery Center, The Bronx, New York, United States
| | - Anat Galor
- Ophthalmology, VA Miami Healthcare System, Miami, FL, United States; Ophthalmology, University of Miami Health System Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Christophe Baudouin
- Paris-Saclay, Versailles Saint Quentin University, Paris, Île-de-France, France; Centre Hospitalier National D'Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, IHU ForeSight, Paris, Île-de-France, France
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Kandarakis S, Papadopoulos AP, Roussopoulos G, Georgopoulos E, Chung Y, Doumazos L, Baek A, Paizi NI, Shin H, Papadopoulos PA. COMfort Eye Trial (COMET) results - a non-inferiority, randomized, investigator-masked, two-parallel group, phase III clinical trial, to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a preservative free formulation of latanoprost versus a reference drug (Xalatan®) in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) or ocular hypertension (OHT). Expert Opin Drug Saf 2024; 23:743-754. [PMID: 37674345 DOI: 10.1080/14740338.2023.2252341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM To prove non-inferiority of preservative-free (PF) latanoprost versus benzalkonium chloride (BAK) containing latanoprost in lowering intraocular pressure (IOP) in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) or ocular hypertension (OHT) patients. DESIGN AND METHODS This phase III, randomized, investigator-masked trial primarily aimed to demonstrate non-inferiority of YSLT PF latanoprost 50 μg/ml (Yonsung GmbH) to latanoprost (Xalatan®) 50 μg/ml (Pfizer) in reducing IOP from Baseline to Week 12. Secondary aims included conjunctival hyperemia evaluation and difference in ocular comfort levels. Total 130 patients with POAG or OHT were enrolled and randomized (1:1 ratio) to receive YSLT or latanoprost, instilling eye drops daily for 12 weeks. RESULTS At Week 12, mean diurnal IOP reduction was -7.67 ± 2.104 mmHg for YSLT PF latanoprost and -7.77 ± 2.500 for latanoprost. The 97.5% confidence interval of between-treatment group difference in IOP reduction from Baseline to Week 12 was [-0.846, +∞), not crossing the non-inferiority margin of -1.5 mmHg. A low incidence of mild topical treatment emergent adverse events (TEAEs) was observed in both groups, while no serious TEAEs were reported. CONCLUSIONS YSLT eye drops demonstrated non-inferiority to latanoprost in reducing IOP. Both products were well tolerated without serious TEAEs reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stylianos Kandarakis
- First Department of Ophthalmology, G. Gennimatas Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | | | - Youngsik Chung
- R&D center, Yonsung Fine Chemicals Co., Ltd. / YS Life Science Co., Ltd, Suwon-si, South Korea
| | - Leonidas Doumazos
- First Department of Ophthalmology, G. Gennimatas Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Areum Baek
- R&D center, Yonsung Fine Chemicals Co., Ltd. / YS Life Science Co., Ltd, Suwon-si, South Korea
| | | | - Hyunik Shin
- R&D center, Yonsung Fine Chemicals Co., Ltd. / YS Life Science Co., Ltd, Suwon-si, South Korea
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Amiri D, Sessa M, Andersen M, Kolko M. Persistence and adherence with Latanoprost: A Danish register-based cohort study in older patients with glaucoma. Acta Ophthalmol 2024; 102:172-178. [PMID: 37249088 DOI: 10.1111/aos.15715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to assess the association between switching patterns and adherence/persistence in Danish patients over the age of 65, who started their first-ever glaucoma treatment with latanoprost eye drops. METHODS Patients were assigned to three different cohorts: (1) switchers, (2) non-switchers, and (3) preservative-free latanoprost (Monoprost®) users. Patients were followed for 1 year until the end of data coverage or censoring. Study covariates were used to compute the propensity score. In the adjusted analysis, the propensity score was added to the model as an independent variable. The Cox regression model was used to calculate the hazard ratio (HR) of discontinuation for the three cohorts (the non-switchers cohort was the reference level) in both adjusted and unadjusted analyses. RESULTS Non-switchers had a statistically significant lower adherence (proportion of days covered, PDC 92%) than switchers (PDC 96%; p < 0.001) and users of Monoprost® (PDC 99%; p < 0.001). Switchers had a 53% lower risk of treatment discontinuation compared to the reference group within 1 year after the first redemption of latanoprost in both unadjusted (HR 0.47; 95% Confidence interval, 95% CI: 0.41-0.53; p < 0.001) and adjusted (HR 0.47; 95% CI: 0.42-0.53; p < 0.001) analyses. In comparison to the non-switchers, Monoprost® users had a 78% lower risk for the above result in both unadjusted (HR 0.22; 95% CI: 0.17-0.28; p < 0.001) and adjusted (HR 0.22; 95% CI: 0.17-0.29; p < 0.001) analyses. CONCLUSION This study found increased adherence and persistence in latanoprost users among those who redeemed preservative-free latanoprost (Monoprost®) and among those who switched between different latanoprost formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diva Amiri
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maurizio Sessa
- Pharmacovigilance Research Centre, Geriatric Pharmacoepidemiology Team, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten Andersen
- Pharmacovigilance Research Centre, Geriatric Pharmacoepidemiology Team, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Miriam Kolko
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Ophthalmology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark
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Daka Q, Sustar Habjan M, Meglič A, Perovšek D, Atanasovska Velkovska M, Cvenkel B. Retinal Ganglion Cell Function and Perfusion following Intraocular Pressure Reduction with Preservative-Free Latanoprost in Patients with Glaucoma and Ocular Hypertension. J Clin Med 2024; 13:1226. [PMID: 38592025 PMCID: PMC10931696 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13051226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Given the global prevalence of glaucoma and the crucial role of intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction in the management of the disease, understanding the immediate effects on retinal structure and function is essential. (2) Methods: This study aimed to assess the effects of preservative-free latanoprost on morphological and functional parameters in treatment-naïve patients with ocular hypertension and open-angle glaucoma. (3) Results: This study showed a significant reduction in IOP by an average of 30.6% after treatment with preservative-free latanoprost. Despite the significant reduction in IOP, no statistically significant changes were observed in the electroretinogram (ERG) nor the optical coherence tomography/angiography (OCT/OCTA) parameters compared to baseline. An exploration of the correlation between IOP changes and various parameters revealed a significant association solely with the macular IPL/INL plexus vessel density (VD) measured with OCTA. (4) Conclusions: This finding suggests a possible association between IOP reduction and changes in the macular microcirculation and provides valuable insights into the differential effects of latanoprost. Acknowledging the study limitations, this study emphasizes the need for larger, longer-term investigations to comprehensively assess the sustained effects of preservative-free latanoprost on both IOP and retinal parameters. In addition, exploring systemic factors and conducting subgroup analyses could improve personalized approaches to glaucoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qëndresë Daka
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical Faculty, University of Prishtina, 10000 Prishtina, Kosovo
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.S.H.)
| | - Maja Sustar Habjan
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.S.H.)
| | - Andrej Meglič
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.S.H.)
| | - Darko Perovšek
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.S.H.)
| | | | - Barbara Cvenkel
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.S.H.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Hedengran A, Freiberg J, May Hansen P, Boix-Lemonche G, Utheim TP, Dartt DA, Petrovski G, Heegaard S, Kolko M. Comparing the effect of benzalkonium chloride-preserved, polyquad-preserved, and preservative-free prostaglandin analogue eye drops on cultured human conjunctival goblet cells. JOURNAL OF OPTOMETRY 2024; 17:100481. [PMID: 37788596 PMCID: PMC10551551 DOI: 10.1016/j.optom.2023.100481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effect of benzalkonium chloride (BAK)-preserved latanoprost and bimatoprost, polyquad (PQ)-preserved travoprost, and preservative-free (PF) latanoprost and tafluprost, all prostaglandin analogues (PGAs), on human conjunctival goblet cell (GC) survival. Furthermore, to investigate the effect of BAK-preserved and PF latanoprost on the cytokine secretion from GC. METHODS Primary human conjunctival GCs were cultivated from donor tissue. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and tetrazolium dye colorimetric (MTT) assays were used for the assessment of GC survival. A cytometric bead array was employed for measuring secretion of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 from GC. RESULTS BAK-preserved latanoprost and bimatoprost reduced cell survival by 28% (p = 0.0133) and 20% (p = 0.0208), respectively, in the LDH assay compared to a negative control. BAK-preserved latanoprost reduced cell proliferation by 54% (p = 0.003), BAK-preserved bimatoprost by 45% (p = 0.006), PQ-preserved travoprost by 16% (p = 0.0041), and PF latanoprost by 19% (p = 0.0001), in the MTT assay compared to a negative control. Only PF tafluprost did not affect the GCs in either assay. BAK-preserved latanoprost caused an increase in the secretion of pro-inflammatory IL-6 and IL-8 (p = 0.0001 and p = 0.0019, respectively) compared to a negative control, which PF latanoprost did not. CONCLUSION BAK-preserved PGA eye drops were more cytotoxic to GCs than PQ-preserved and PF PGA eye drops. BAK-preserved latanoprost induced an inflammatory response in GC. Treatment with PF and PQ-preserved PGA eye drops could mean better tolerability and adherence in glaucoma patients compared to treatment with BAK-preserved PGA eye drops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Hedengran
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; Department of Ophthalmology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Valdemar Hansens Vej 1-23, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Josefine Freiberg
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Pernille May Hansen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; Department of Ophthalmology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Valdemar Hansens Vej 1-23, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Gerard Boix-Lemonche
- Center for Eye Research and Innovative Diagnostics, Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tor P Utheim
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Darlene A Dartt
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Goran Petrovski
- Center for Eye Research and Innovative Diagnostics, Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Split School of Medicine and University Hospital Centre, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Steffen Heegaard
- Department of Ophthalmology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Valdemar Hansens Vej 1-23, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark; Department of Pathology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Frederik V's Vej 11 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Miriam Kolko
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; Department of Ophthalmology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Valdemar Hansens Vej 1-23, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark.
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Nagstrup AH. The use of benzalkonium chloride in topical glaucoma treatment: An investigation of the efficacy and safety of benzalkonium chloride-preserved intraocular pressure-lowering eye drops and their effect on conjunctival goblet cells. Acta Ophthalmol 2023; 101 Suppl 278:3-21. [PMID: 38037546 DOI: 10.1111/aos.15808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
ENGLISH SUMMARY Glaucoma is a leading cause of the global prevalence of irreversible blindness. The pathogenesis of glaucoma is not entirely known, but the major risk factors include advancing age, genetic predisposition, and increased intraocular pressure (IOP). The only evidence-based treatment is a lowering of IOP through the use of eye drops, laser procedures, or surgical interventions. Although laser treatment is gaining recognition as a first-choice treatment option, the most common approach for managing glaucoma is IOP-lowering eye drops. A major challenge in the treatment is the occurrence of adverse events and poor adherence. In this context, the ocular surface is an area of great concern, as most glaucoma patients have dry eye disease (DED), which is largely caused by eye drops. Preservation with benzalkonium chloride (BAK) is a controversial topic due to its potential role as a significant cause of DED. A systematic review and meta-analyses investigate potential differences in efficacy and safety between BAK-preserved and BAK-free anti-glaucomatous eye drops (I). Many of the included studies report on ocular surface damage caused by the application of BAK-preserved eye drops. However, the meta-analyses addressing hyperemia, number of ocular adverse events, and tear break-up time did not identify any significant differences. The latter is likely due to varying measurement methods, different endpoints, and study durations. It is, therefore, possible that the large variations between the studies conceal differences in the safety profiles. The efficacy meta-analysis finds that there are no differences in the IOP-lowering effect between BAK-preserved and BAK-free eye drops, indicating that BAK is not necessary for the effectiveness of eye drops. To promote more homogeneous choices of endpoints and methods when evaluating BAK-preserved and BAK-free glaucoma treatments, a Delphi consensus statement was performed. In this study, glaucoma experts and ocular surface disease experts reached consensus on the key factors to consider when designing such studies (II). The hope is to have more studies with comparable endpoints that can systematically show the potentially adverse effects of BAK. The preclinical studies in the current Ph.D. research focus on conjunctival goblet cells (GCs). GCs are important for the ocular surface because they release the mucin MUC5AC, which is an essential component of the inner layer of the tear film. BAK preservation may damage the GCs and result in a low GC density, leading to an unstable tear film and DED. The most commonly used IOP-lowering drugs are prostaglandin analogs (PGAs). Thus, the conducted studies investigate the effect of PGAs preserved in different ways on GCs. BAK-preserved latanoprost is cytotoxic to primary cultured human conjunctival GCs and results in a scattered expression of MUC5AC, in contrast to negative controls, where MUC5AC is localized around the cell nucleus (III). Preservative-free (PF) latanoprost is not cytotoxic and does not affect the MUC5AC expression pattern. Furthermore, BAK-preserved travoprost is found to be cytotoxic in a time-dependent manner, while Polyquad®-preserved travoprost does not affect GC survival at any measured time point (IV). Both Polyquad and BAK induce scattered expression of MUC5AC. The cytotoxicity of BAK-preserved PGA eye drops is higher compared to the safer profile of PF and Polyquad-preserved PGA eye drops (V). Additionally, PF latanoprost does not increase the release of the inflammatory markers interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8, unlike BAK-preserved latanoprost. A review highlights the active and inactive components of IOP-lowering eye drops (VI). Several preclinical and clinical studies have identified adverse effects of BAK. Although other components, such as the active drug and phosphates, can also cause adverse events, the review clearly states that BAK alone is a major source of decreased tolerability. The conclusion of this thesis is that BAK preservation is unnecessary and harmful to the ocular surface. The preclinical studies demonstrate that GCs die when exposed to BAK. Furthermore, they find that BAK induces a pro-inflammatory response. The review included in the thesis concludes that BAK should be phased out of eye drops for chronic use. Overall, the inclusion of BAK poses a risk of developing DED and poor adherence, which can ultimately lead to disease progression and blindness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Hedengran Nagstrup
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Ophthalmology, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Jaworski D, Cieślińska-Rypolc A, Jadczyk-Sorek K, Jaworowska-Cieślińska I, Bubała-Stachowicz B, Mrukwa-Kominek E, Kałużny BJ. Cationic nanoemulsion vs. 0.15% sodium hyaluronate artificial tears in the healing process following modern surface keratorefractive surgery. Eur J Ophthalmol 2023; 33:2178-2184. [PMID: 37070148 PMCID: PMC10590016 DOI: 10.1177/11206721231169540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of artificial tears containing either cationic nanoemulsion (CCN) or sodium hyaluronate artificial tears (SH) on early postoperative healing after modern surface refractive surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this multicenter, prospective, double-masked, parallel-group (1:1), comparative study, 129 patients (n = 255 eyes) were randomized to receive CCN (n = 128) or SH (n = 127) as an adjuvant treatment after either transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy (transPRK) or Epi-Bowman keratectomy (EBK). The patients' perspectives were gathered using the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire, and uncorrected (UCVA), and corrected (BCVA) visual acuity were assessed before and one week and one month after the procedure. In addition, corneal epithelization and subjective assessment of visual blur and eye irritation on drop instillation were assessed at one week postoperatively. RESULTS No statistically significant differences were found between two groups in age, spherical equivalent refractive error, UCVA, BCVA or OSDI scores before the procedure. There was also no difference between groups in UCVA one week and one month after the procedure. However, statistically significantly lower OSDI scores were found one week and one month after the procedure in the CCN group. Moreover, blurred vision after use of the eye drops was observed less frequently in the CCN group than in the SH group. CONCLUSIONS The CCN and SH groups had similar postoperative UCVA. However the significantly lower OSDI scores and less frequently blurred vision after application of the eye drops in the CCN group suggest better subjective outcomes in this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Jaworski
- Division of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Department of Ophthalmology, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
- Oftalmika Eye Hospital, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Agata Cieślińska-Rypolc
- Division of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Department of Ophthalmology, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
- Oftalmika Eye Hospital, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Jadczyk-Sorek
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medical Science in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
- Department of Ophthalmology, Professor K. Gibiński University Clinical Center, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | | | - Beata Bubała-Stachowicz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Professor K. Gibiński University Clinical Center, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Ewa Mrukwa-Kominek
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medical Science in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
- Department of Ophthalmology, Professor K. Gibiński University Clinical Center, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej J Kałużny
- Division of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Department of Ophthalmology, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
- Oftalmika Eye Hospital, Bydgoszcz, Poland
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11
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Wu CM. New Glaucoma Medications. Int Ophthalmol Clin 2023; 63:13-21. [PMID: 37755441 DOI: 10.1097/iio.0000000000000482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
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12
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Kolko M, Gazzard G, Baudouin C, Beier S, Brignole-Baudouin F, Cvenkel B, Fineide F, Hedengran A, Hommer A, Jespersen E, Messmer EM, Murthy R, Sullivan AG, Tatham AJ, Utheim TP, Vittrup M, Sullivan DA. Impact of glaucoma medications on the ocular surface and how ocular surface disease can influence glaucoma treatment. Ocul Surf 2023; 29:456-468. [PMID: 37302545 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2023.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Kolko
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Ophthalmology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Gus Gazzard
- Glaucoma Service, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK; NIHR-Moorfields Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Christophe Baudouin
- Centre Hospitalier National d'Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, Paris, France; Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Paris, France; Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Sofie Beier
- Royal Danish Academy - Architecture, Design, Conservation, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Françoise Brignole-Baudouin
- Centre Hospitalier National d'Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, Paris, France; Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Faculté de Pharmacie, Paris Cité université, Paris, France
| | - Barbara Cvenkel
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Medical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Fredrik Fineide
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Hedengran
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Ophthalmology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Anton Hommer
- Department of Ophthalmology, HERA Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | - Andrew J Tatham
- Princess Alexandra Eye Pavilion and Department of Ophthalmology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Tor Paaske Utheim
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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13
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Daull P, Garrigue JS, Liang H, Baudouin C. Use of a Cationic Emulsion of Latanoprost to Treat Glaucoma Patients with Ocular Surface Disease: A Preclinical Review. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2023; 39:240-251. [PMID: 37015075 PMCID: PMC10178935 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2022.0155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandin analogue topical medications are one of the most effective therapeutic approaches for the chronic management of glaucoma and ocular hypertension, through the reduction of elevated intra ocular pressure (IOP). While many of the first generations of anti-glaucoma eye drops were preserved with benzalkonium chloride, their repeated use may induce chronic ocular surface toxicity that leads to ocular surface disease (OSD) signs and symptoms. As a result, soft-preservatives and preservative-free formulations have been developed with the goal to avoid the long-term iatrogenic toxicity of the preservative agents. In addition, it has been suggested that OSD and its associated inflammation may negatively impact the efficacy of the IOP-lowering medications, including treatment adherence and compliance. Hence, it may be particularly interesting that glaucoma medications can concomitantly protect and "heal" the ocular surface and its environment while lowering elevated IOP, for the greater benefit of glaucoma patients. The objective of the present review is to briefly present the preclinical data of the cationic oil-in-water emulsion of latanoprost (latanoprost-CE) to shed some light on its mechanisms of action. It overall supports the following hypothesis: the restoration of a healthy ocular surface environment and treatment of the OSD signs and symptoms will allow for an improved elevated IOP reduction and glaucoma management. This would be achieved with a once daily dosing regimen to preserve glaucoma patients' vision, ocular surface, and quality-of-life and wellness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hong Liang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Quinze-Vingts Hospital, Paris, France
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14
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Scelfo C, ElSheikh RH, Shamim MM, Abbasian J, Ghaffarieh A, Elhusseiny AM. Ocular Surface Disease in Glaucoma Patients. Curr Eye Res 2023; 48:219-230. [PMID: 35179417 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2022.2041041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To review the most recent studies in the literature regarding the ocular surface in glaucoma patients and treatment options aimed to reduce ocular surface disease in this population. METHODS We performed a literature search in the electronic databases of PubMed CENT RAL, Google Scholar, EMBASE the Register of Controlled Trials, and Ovid MEDLINE using the following terms: "ocular surface", "dry eye", "glaucoma", "selective laser trabeculoplasty", "glaucoma surgery", "preservatives", "preservative free", "ocular surface disease index", "tear break up time", "MMP-9" and "conjunctival hyperemia". RESULTS Over the last several years, several studies have demonstrated the changes to the ocular surface in the setting of glaucoma, the best tests for markers of dry eye, and how management can be altered to help address ocular surface disease routinely or in preparation for glaucoma surgery. CONCLUSION Ocular surface disease in the glaucoma patient population is widely recognized. It should be addressed to maximize patient compliance and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Scelfo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Hawthorne, NY, USA
| | - Reem H ElSheikh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kasr Al-Ainy Hospitals, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Muhammad M Shamim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvey and Bernice Jones Eye Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Javaneh Abbasian
- Department of Ophthalmology, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alireza Ghaffarieh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvey and Bernice Jones Eye Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Abdelrahman M Elhusseiny
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvey and Bernice Jones Eye Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
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15
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Current progress in preservative-free topical ophthalmic formulations. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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16
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Aqueous Prostaglandin Eye Drop Formulations. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14102142. [PMID: 36297577 PMCID: PMC9611212 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of irreversible blindness worldwide. It is characterized by progressive optic neuropathy in association with damage to the optic nerve head and, subsequently, visual loss if it is left untreated. Among the drug classes used for the long-term treatment of open-angle glaucoma, prostaglandin analogues (PGAs) are the first-line treatment and are available as marketed eye drop formulations for intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction by increasing the trabecular and uveoscleral outflow. PGAs have low aqueous solubility and are very unstable (i.e., hydrolysis) in aqueous solutions, which may hamper their ocular bioavailability and decrease their chemical stability. Additionally, treatment with PGA in conventional eye drops is associated with adverse effects, such as conjunctival hyperemia and trichiasis. It has been a very challenging for formulation scientists to develop stable aqueous eye drop formulations that increase the PGAs' solubility and enhance their therapeutic efficacy while simultaneously lowering their ocular side effects. Here the physiochemical properties and chemical stabilities of the commercially available PGAs are reviewed, and the compositions of their eye drop formulations are discussed. Furthermore, the novel PGA formulations for glaucoma treatment are reviewed.
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17
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Fineide F, Lagali N, Adil MY, Arita R, Kolko M, Vehof J, Utheim TP. Topical glaucoma medications – Clinical implications for the ocular surface. Ocul Surf 2022; 26:19-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2022.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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18
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Shen Lee B, Malhotra R, Sall K, Mitchell B, Peace J. Open-Label Extension Study Comparing Latanoprost 0.005% Without vs With Benzalkonium Chloride in Open-Angle Glaucoma or Ocular Hypertension. Clin Ophthalmol 2022; 16:2285-2293. [PMID: 35898518 PMCID: PMC9309311 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s367756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bridgitte Shen Lee
- Vision Optique, Houston, TX, USA
- Correspondence: Bridgitte Shen Lee, Vision Optique, 5158 Buffalo Speedway, Houston, TX, 77005, USA, Tel +1 713-838-2020, Fax +1 713-838-2030, Email
| | | | - Kenneth Sall
- Sall Research Medical Center, Inc., Artesia, CA, USA
| | - Brittany Mitchell
- Medical Affairs North America, Sun Pharmaceutical Industries, Inc., Princeton, NJ, USA
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19
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Ocular benzalkonium chloride exposure: problems and solutions. Eye (Lond) 2022; 36:361-368. [PMID: 34262161 PMCID: PMC8277985 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-021-01668-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Preservatives in multidose formulations of topical ophthalmic medications are crucial for maintaining sterility but can be toxic to the ocular surface. Benzalkonium chloride (BAK)-used in approximately 70% of ophthalmic formulations-is well known to cause cytotoxic damage to conjunctival and corneal epithelial cells, resulting in signs and symptoms of ocular surface disease (OSD) including ocular surface staining, increased tear break-up time, and higher OSD symptom scores. These adverse effects are more problematic with chronic exposure, as in lifetime therapy for glaucoma, but can also manifest after exposure as brief as seven days. Multiple strategies are available to minimize or eliminate BAK exposure, among them alternative preservatives, preservative-free formulations including sustained release drug delivery platforms, and non-pharmacological therapies for common eye diseases and conditions. In this paper, we review the cytotoxic and clinical effects of BAK on the ocular surface and discuss existing and emerging options for ocular disease management that can minimize or eliminate BAK exposure.
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20
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Müllertz O, Hedengran A, Mouhammad ZA, Freiberg J, Nagymihály R, Jacobsen J, Larsen SW, Bair J, Utheim TP, Dartt DA, Heegaard S, Petrovski G, Kolko M. Impact of benzalkonium chloride-preserved and preservative-free latanoprost eye drops on cultured human conjunctival goblet cells upon acute exposure and differences in physicochemical properties of the eye drops. BMJ Open Ophthalmol 2021; 6:e000892. [PMID: 34993350 PMCID: PMC8689192 DOI: 10.1136/bmjophth-2021-000892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the short-term impact on human conjunctival goblet cell (GC) survival and mucin release of acute exposure to benzalkonium chloride (BAK) preserved and preservative-free (PF) 0.005% (w/v) latanoprost (LT) eye drops, and to compare the eye drops' physicochemical properties. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Primary GC cultures were established from human conjunctival donor tissue. The impact of eye drops on GC survival was assessed using a lactate dehydrogenase assay. Mucin release was evaluated through mucin-specific immunostaining. pH value, osmolality, drop mass and surface tension for all LT eye drops were measured. RESULTS After application with PF-LT for 30 min (min), the GC survival was maintained compared with control (p=0.9941), while all BAK-LT eye drops reduced survival with approximately 30% (p<0.02). Following application with PF-LT for 30 min, mucin was found around the GC nucleus, as seen in the vehicle control, indicating no secretion. In contrast, BAK-LT caused diffuse staining of mucin, similar to the secretagogue histamine, indicating stimulation of secretion. The pH value of the BAK-LT and PF-LT eye drops were 6.0-6.9 and 6.8, respectively. The osmolality was 258-288 mOsm/kg for the BAK-LT eye drops and 276 for PF-LT eye drops. The mean drop mass was 26-31 mg for the BAK-LT eye drops and 30 mg for PF-LT. The surface tension was lower for all BAK-LT eye drops (31.1-32.1 mN/m) compared with PF-LT (42 mN/m). CONCLUSION PF-LT compared with various branded and generic LT preparations containing BAK are less cytotoxic when applied to cultured GCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Müllertz
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Hedengran
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Ophthalmology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Zaynab Ahmad Mouhammad
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Josefine Freiberg
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Richárd Nagymihály
- Center for Eye Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital and Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jette Jacobsen
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Susan Weng Larsen
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jeffrey Bair
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Schepens Eye Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tor P Utheim
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo Universitetssykehus, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sørlandet Hospital Arendal, Arendal, Norway
| | - Darlene A Dartt
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Schepens Eye Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Steffen Heegaard
- Department of Ophthalmology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Pathology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Goran Petrovski
- Center for Eye Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital and Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Miriam Kolko
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Ophthalmology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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21
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Harasymowycz P, Hutnik C, Rouland JF, Negrete FJM, Economou MA, Denis P, Baudouin C. Preserved Versus Preservative-Free Latanoprost for the Treatment of Glaucoma and Ocular Hypertension: A Post Hoc Pooled Analysis. Adv Ther 2021; 38:3019-3031. [PMID: 33891269 PMCID: PMC8189977 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-021-01731-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Introduction To compare the tolerability and efficacy of a preservative-containing latanoprost (PCL) to a preservative-free formulation of latanoprost (PFL) in patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. Methods A pooled analysis was performed of data from five published studies. The primary outcome was tolerability as evaluated by the severity of hyperemia. The secondary objectives were patient tolerance based on a composite ocular surface disease (OSD) score arising from ocular signs and symptoms, patient and investigator satisfaction, and a comparison of IOP-lowering efficacy. Results There were three randomized controlled trials and two observational studies included in the analysis. Conjunctival hyperemia improved significantly in 25.6% (388) of patients switched to the PFL group versus 11.7% (117) of patients switched to the PCL group (p < 0.001). PFL was two times superior to PCL in reducing ocular hyperemia (odds ratio = 1.96; p < 0.001). The mean OSD composite score decreased by 32.2% in patients switched to the PFL group and 14.1% in the PCL group (p < 0.001). At 3 months, the mean IOP was similar between groups (p = 0.312). Conclusion This post hoc pooled analysis confirmed the findings of the individual studies that PFL is as efficacious at reducing IOP as PCL but better tolerated. After switching to PFL, there was twice the improvement in the OSD composite score. PFL was twice as effective at reducing ocular hyperemia and other ocular signs. These findings suggest that PFL has features that may improve patient compliance, thereby potentially improving the IOP-lowering efficacy on a long-term basis. Preservatives in eye drops for glaucoma can cause side effects such as stinging and eye redness. These side effects can cause some patients to reduce the frequency of the drops as prescribed or stop using the drops. One of the most common drops for glaucoma is latanoprost. This study evaluated whether a preservative-free latanoprost (PFL) is as effective as preservative-containing latanoprost (PCL) for reducing eye pressure and whether PFL is better tolerated in patients with glaucoma. The results of the study indicated that PFL was as effective as PCL for reducing eye pressure. The results also indicated PFL was much better at reducing the side effects related to PCL. For example PFL reduces eye redness up to twofold compared to PCL. By reducing the side effects associated with PCL patients may continue to take their glaucoma drops as directed and thereby reduce the risk of vision loss from glaucoma.
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22
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Erb C, Stalmans I, Iliev M, Muñoz-Negrete FJ. Real-World Study on Patient Satisfaction and Tolerability After Switching to Preservative-Free Latanoprost. Clin Ophthalmol 2021; 15:931-938. [PMID: 33688161 PMCID: PMC7936704 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s295821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Patient satisfaction is important in the treatment of glaucoma. Suboptimal compliance and impaired long-term outcome are a likely result of poor tolerability. The present multicentre, international, transverse, epidemiological survey was conducted to assess the satisfaction of patients who had received preservative-free latanoprost (PFL) for at least 3 months. Patients and Methods A total of 1872 patients from 6 European countries, treated with PFL for at least 3 months, were included in this survey. Prior to PFL treatment, patients were to be treatment naïve or currently treated for their glaucoma. During a single routine consultation, patients completed a questionnaire concerning global satisfaction and satisfaction based on tolerability. Results In total, 76.2% had been previously treated; 69.4% had received preserved and 6.8% preservative-free (PF) topical treatment. After 3 months of PFL treatment, a large majority of patients (95.3%) were satisfied or very satisfied with their PFL treatment and were, overall, significantly (p<0.0001) more satisfied with PFL than with their previous treatment; 4.2% were either unsatisfied or very unsatisfied. Overall, 97.3% of originally treatment-naïve patients were satisfied (50.1%) or very satisfied (47.2%) with their PFL. Ocular surface disease was diagnosed in 9.2% of patients (n=173) and was mainly mild (76.9%). Patient satisfaction with PFL was very high. Conclusion PFL may be considered a valuable first-choice treatment in glaucoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl Erb
- Eye Clinic Wittenbergplatz, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ingeborg Stalmans
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Milko Iliev
- Ophthalmology Department, University of Bern, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland
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23
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Chamard C, Larrieu S, Baudouin C, Bron A, Villain M, Daien V. Preservative-free versus preserved glaucoma eye drops and occurrence of glaucoma surgery. A retrospective study based on the French national health insurance information system, 2008-2016. Acta Ophthalmol 2020; 98:e876-e881. [PMID: 32232968 DOI: 10.1111/aos.14410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Preservatives contained in glaucoma eye drops have been shown to have a deleterious impact on the ocular surface. We aimed to assess the association between preservative exposure and the occurrence of further glaucoma surgery among patients with glaucoma or ocular hypertension in France. METHODS The study concerned all patients who first received glaucoma eye drop treatments in a French medical-administrative database (EGB) between 2008 and 2015. Three groups were created according to the level of preservative exposure during the whole follow-up: '0% preservatives', 'mixed' and '100% preservatives'. The occurrence of glaucoma surgery was estimated according to preservative exposure indicators in Cox multivariate models adjusted on age, sex, number of glaucoma eye drops simultaneously used, systemic antihypertensive treatment and duration of treatment. RESULTS The sample consisted of 12 454 patients. The median (interquartile range) follow-up was 4.1 (1.7-6.1) years. A total of 231 (1.9%) patients underwent glaucoma surgery during follow-up. On multivariable analysis, the risk of glaucoma surgery was increased for the 'mixed' group (hazard ratio [HR] = 3.94 [95% CI, 1.54-10.05]) and for the '100% preservative' group (HR = 7.97 [95% CI, 3.07-20.67]) when compared with the 0% preservative group. CONCLUSION We found an association between exposure to glaucoma eye drop preservatives and the prevalence of further glaucoma surgery. While these data might be used to support the consideration of routine use of preservative-free drops, in the absence of a randomized clinical trial, they cannot prove a direct cause-and-effect relationship between preservative-free glaucoma eye drops and further glaucoma surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Chamard
- Department of Ophthalmology Gui de Chauliac University Hospital Montpellier France
| | | | | | - Alain Bron
- Department of Ophthalmology University Hospital Dijon France
| | - Max Villain
- Department of Ophthalmology Gui de Chauliac University Hospital Montpellier France
| | - Vincent Daien
- Department of Ophthalmology Gui de Chauliac University Hospital Montpellier France
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24
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Stalmans I, Lemij H, Clarke J, Baudouin C. Signs and Symptoms of Ocular Surface Disease: The Reasons for Patient Dissatisfaction with Glaucoma Treatments. Clin Ophthalmol 2020; 14:3675-3680. [PMID: 33162751 PMCID: PMC7610197 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s269586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocular Surface Disease (OSD) and hyperemia are the most common adverse events of topical ocular medications. While active compounds may cause allergic reactions or irritation, preservatives, which are intended to prevent bacterial growth, are toxic as well. Therefore, the most recent glaucoma medications no longer contain preservatives. Despite this, local tolerability may still impact treatment compliance and patient quality of life. We conducted an observational, multi-center, international, cross-sectional study in 793 treated and stabilized glaucoma patients to assess patient satisfaction and local tolerability of their treatment. The vast majority (93.7%) of patients was satisfied or very satisfied with their treatment in terms of tolerability and only 6.3% were dissatisfied. However, ophthalmological examination showed a high frequency of ocular signs: conjunctival hyperemia (32%), OSD (42.5%) and positive conjunctival fluorescein staining (10.3%). Additionally, patients reported symptoms upon instillation (31.4%) and between instillations (57.3%); 25.1% of patients were using tear substitutes. All signs and symptoms were significantly (p<0.001) associated with patient dissatisfaction. A logistic regression model indicated that dissatisfaction was higher in patients with symptoms upon instillation and in those using tear substitutes (OR: 3.03 and 4.63, respectively). The mean patient tolerability score to treatment was 82.7±16.1 on a 100-point visual analogue scale. In conclusion, even if patients may be highly satisfied with their current treatment, most of them present ocular signs and symptoms. A treatment change should be considered in case of clinical signs or patient-reported symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hans Lemij
- Glaucoma Service, Rotterdam Eye Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jonathan Clarke
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre - Moorfields Eye Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
| | - Christophe Baudouin
- Ophthalmology Unit, Quinze-Vingts National Hospital and Vision Institute, IHU ForeSight, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
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Neroev VV, Zolotarev AV, Karlova EV, Kiseleva OA, Shishkin MM, Germanova VN. [Influence of treatment adherence on the progression of primary open-angle glaucoma in clinical setting]. Vestn Oftalmol 2019; 135:42-51. [PMID: 32015307 DOI: 10.17116/oftalma201913506142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED According to various studies, treatment adherence of patients with primary open-angle glaucoma ranges from 5% to 80% and significantly influences the effectiveness of the therapy. Some authors report higher levels of adherence in patients receiving preservative-free medications. PURPOSE To study the influence of treatment adherence in patients receiving preservative-free and preserved medications on the progression of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). MATERIAL AND METHODS This prospective multicenter non-interventional study was conducted in clinical setting and included 504 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma receiving drug therapy; 51 ophthalmologist was involved in the management of patients' diaries. RESULTS The percentage of patients who did not reach target IOP was three times lower in the group with high adherence, in comparison to patients with medium and low adherence (7% against 22%, respectively). Development of side effects was one of the factors influencing treatment adherence, their rates and expressiveness were much lower in the preservative-free group compared with the group receiving preserved medication (13.9% against 35.4%). The rate of patients who did not reach target IOP was two times lower in the group of preservative-free medication (10% against 21%). CONCLUSION The study confirms that preservative-free glaucoma medication promotes higher adherence to treatment in clinical setting predominantly due to the reduction of quantity and severity of side effects leading to treatment gaps, which results in increased effectiveness and better stabilization of glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- V V Neroev
- Helmholtz National Medical Research Center of Eye Diseases, 14/19 Sadovaya-Chernogryazskaya St., Moscow, Russian Federation, 105062
| | - A V Zolotarev
- Samara Regional Clinical Ophthalmological Hospital named after T.I. Eroshevsky, 158 Novo-Sadovaya St., Samara, Russian Federation, 443068
| | - E V Karlova
- Samara Regional Clinical Ophthalmological Hospital named after T.I. Eroshevsky, 158 Novo-Sadovaya St., Samara, Russian Federation, 443068
| | - O A Kiseleva
- Helmholtz National Medical Research Center of Eye Diseases, 14/19 Sadovaya-Chernogryazskaya St., Moscow, Russian Federation, 105062
| | - M M Shishkin
- National Medical and Surgical Center named after N.I. Pirogov, 70 Nizhnyaya Pervomayskaya St., Moscow, Russian Federation, 105203
| | - V N Germanova
- Samara Regional Clinical Ophthalmological Hospital named after T.I. Eroshevsky, 158 Novo-Sadovaya St., Samara, Russian Federation, 443068
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