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Dastiridou A, Samouilidou M, Anastasopoulos E, Koronis S, Riga P, Katsanos A, Ziakas N, Androudi S. OCT Angiography of the Retina and the Choroid in the Macula in Patients with Normal Tension Glaucoma and Primary Open Angle Glaucoma. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:1485. [PMID: 39061622 PMCID: PMC11276555 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14141485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare vessel density (VD) in the retina and choroid in eyes with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG), normal tension glaucoma (NTG) and controls. Patients with POAG, NTG and controls underwent OCT scanning of the macula and the disc followed by 6 × 6 mm macula OCT angiography (OCTA) imaging. Global and hemifield VD were recorded for the superficial (SVP) and deep (DVP) vascular plexus and the choriocapillaris (CC). The OCT thickness of the nerve fiber layer (NFL) and ganglion cell layer (GCC) was also measured. Data from 65 POAG, 33 NTG and 40 control eyes matched for age were analyzed. Mean SVP VD was lower in NTG and POAG eyes compared to controls (38.8 ± 5.3, 40.7 ± 6.8 and 48.5 ± 4.0%, p < 0.001). Mean DVP VD was lower in NTG and POAG eyes compared to controls (43.1 ± 6.1, 44.5 ± 7.6 and 48.6 ± 5.8%, p = 0.002). There was no difference in SVP VD or DVP VD between the glaucoma groups (p > 0.050). No difference was noted in CC VD between the groups (68.3 ± 2.3, 67.6 ± 3.7 and 68.5 ± 2.6%, p = 0.287). Lower SVP and DVP VD was seen in eyes with glaucoma compared to normal eyes. NTG and POAG eyes had similar VD loss. Eyes with glaucoma manifested similar CC VD compared to controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Dastiridou
- Ophthalmology Clinic, University Hospital of Larissa, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece;
| | - Maria Samouilidou
- 2nd Ophthalmology Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 56403 Thessaloniki, Greece; (M.S.); (E.A.); (S.K.); (P.R.); (N.Z.)
| | - Eleftherios Anastasopoulos
- 2nd Ophthalmology Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 56403 Thessaloniki, Greece; (M.S.); (E.A.); (S.K.); (P.R.); (N.Z.)
| | - Spyridon Koronis
- 2nd Ophthalmology Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 56403 Thessaloniki, Greece; (M.S.); (E.A.); (S.K.); (P.R.); (N.Z.)
| | - Paraskevi Riga
- 2nd Ophthalmology Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 56403 Thessaloniki, Greece; (M.S.); (E.A.); (S.K.); (P.R.); (N.Z.)
| | - Andreas Katsanos
- Ophthalmology Clinic, University Hospital of Ioannina, University of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece;
| | - Nikolaos Ziakas
- 2nd Ophthalmology Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 56403 Thessaloniki, Greece; (M.S.); (E.A.); (S.K.); (P.R.); (N.Z.)
| | - Sofia Androudi
- Ophthalmology Clinic, University Hospital of Larissa, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece;
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Vičaitė G, Barišauskaitė L, Bakstytė V, Siesky B, Verticchio Vercellin A, Janulevičienė I. Cardiac Surgery Patients Have Reduced Vascularity and Structural Defects of the Retina Similar to Persons with Open-Angle Glaucoma. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:515. [PMID: 38472987 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14050515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Growing evidence suggests impairment of ocular blood flow in open-angle glaucoma (OAG) pathology, but little is known about the effect of an impaired cardiovascular supply on the structural and vascular parameters of the retina. This study aims to investigate the variations of these parameters in OAG patients compared to patients undergoing cardiac surgery (CS) with cardiopulmonary bypass. (2) Methods: Prospective observational study with 82 subjects (30 controls, 33 OAG patients, and 19 CS patients) who underwent ophthalmological assessment by swept-source OCT and CDI in one randomly selected eye. (3) Results: In the CS group, OA and SPCA PSV and EDV were significantly lower, OA and SPCA RI were significantly higher compared to the OAG and healthy subjects (p = 0.000-0.013), and SPCA EDV correlated with linear CDR (r = -0.508, p = 0.027). Temporal ONH sectors of GCL++ and GCL+ layers in the CS group did not differ significantly compared to the OAG patients (p = 0.085 and p = 0.220). The CS patients had significantly thinner GCL++ and GCL+ layers in the inner sectors (p = 0.000-0.038) compared to healthy subjects, and these layers correlated with the CRA PSV, EDV, and RI and SPCA PSV (p = 0.005-0.047). (4) Conclusions: CS patients had lower vascular and structural parameters in the ONH, and macula compared to the healthy controls that were similar to persons with OAG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabija Vičaitė
- Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu 2, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Liveta Barišauskaitė
- Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu 2, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Viktorija Bakstytė
- Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu 2, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Brent Siesky
- Department of Ophthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | | | - Ingrida Janulevičienė
- Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu 2, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
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Lee MW, Yu HY, Park KS, Jin SY, Kim JS. A comparison of peripapillary vessel density between subjects with normal-tension glaucoma and primary open-angle glaucoma with similar extents of glaucomatous damage. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9258. [PMID: 37286792 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36369-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to identify differences in retinal microvasculature impairments between patients with normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) and those with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) with similar extents of structural and visual field damage. Participants with glaucoma-suspect (GS), NTG, POAG, and normal controls were consecutively enrolled. Peripapillary vessel density (VD) and perfusion density (PD) were compared among the groups. Linear regression analyses were performed to identify the relationship between VD, PD and visual field parameters. The VDs of the full areas were 18.3 ± 0.7, 17.3 ± 1.7, 16.5 ± 1.7, and 15.8 ± 2.3 mm-1 in the control, GS, NTG, and POAG groups, respectively (P < 0.001). The VDs of the outer and inner areas and the PDs of all areas also differed significantly among the groups (all P < 0.001). In the NTG group, the VDs of the full, outer, and inner areas were significantly associated with all visual field parameters including the mean deviation (MD), pattern standard deviation (PSD), and visual field index (VFI). In the POAG group, the VDs of the full and inner areas were significantly associated with PSD and VFI but not with MD. In conclusion, with similar degrees of retinal nerve fiber layer thinning and visual field damage in both groups, the POAG group showed a lower peripapillary VD and PD than the NTG group. VD and PD were significantly associated with visual field loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Woo Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hwa-Young Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kee-Sup Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Young Jin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Modoo's Eye Clinic, #238, Daedeok-daero, Seo-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Soo Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chungnam National University Sejong Hospital, #20 Bodeum 7-ro, Sejong, Republic of Korea.
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Shang X, Wang X, Zhou K, Pan X, Huang Q, Chu X, Hu C, Xu X, Liang Y. Faster Macular Vessel Density Loss in More Advanced Primary Open Angle Glaucoma Eyes. Ophthalmic Res 2022; 66:345-353. [PMID: 36380622 DOI: 10.1159/000526850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the study was to characterize and compare the longitudinal changes of macular vessel density (VD) in primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) eyes across different disease stages. METHODS This is a sub-analysis of a prospective cohort study. A total of 103 eyes (53 eyes in the mild stage, 50 eyes in the moderate-to-advanced stage) of 75 POAG patients followed for more than 1 year with at least 2 qualified optical coherence tomography (OCT) angiography (OCTA) images were included. The rates of macular VD change were determined by linear regression and compared using the generalized linear mixed models between groups. Mixed effect models were used to evaluate the demographic and ocular parameters associated with the VD loss rate. RESULTS With a mean follow-up time of 2.36 years, the rates of macular VD change were significantly different from zero in both groups. The rates of macular VD loss were significantly faster in moderate-to-advanced-stage group than in mild-stage group in whole image (-2.46%/year vs. -1.47%/year, p = 0.002);, superior hemifield (-2.42%/year vs. -1.30%/year, p = 0.001); parafovea (-2.35%/year vs. -1.26, p = 0.001); superior (-2.20%/year vs. -1.01%/year, p = 0.002), nasal (-2.41%/year vs. -1.04%/year, p = 0.001), inferior (-2.46%/year vs. -1.43%/year, p = 0.018), and temporal sectors (-2.32%/year vs. -1.58%/year, p = 0.012). Baseline mean deviation and OCT parameters were associated with the rates of macular VD loss. CONCLUSIONS OCTA measurements could detect vascular deterioration over time in POAG eyes at different stages. The rates of macular VD loss were significantly faster in more advanced POAG eyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Shang
- The Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China,
- Glaucoma Research Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China,
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Wenzhou, China,
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- The Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Wenzhou, China
| | - Kun Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xi'an First Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiafei Pan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiangjie Huang
- The Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xizhong Chu
- The Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chengju Hu
- The Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiang Xu
- The Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yuanbo Liang
- The Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Glaucoma Research Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Wenzhou, China
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Shen R, Wang YM, Cheung CY, Tang FY, Lam A, Tham CC, Chan PP. Relationship between macular intercapillary area measured by optical coherence tomography angiography and central visual field sensitivity in normal tension glaucoma. Br J Ophthalmol 2022; 107:816-822. [PMID: 35110277 DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2021-319923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the relationship of macular intercapillary area (ICA) with macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thickness and central visual field sensitivity (CVFS) in normal tension glaucoma (NTG). METHODS Seventy-eight early NTG eyes, 33 moderate-to-severe NTG eyes and 75 normal control eyes were cross-sectional evaluated. All participants underwent swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A; DRI-OCT, Topcon, Tokyo, Japan). A customised MATLAB program was used to quantify macular OCT-A metrics at central 3×3 mm macular region including vascular density (VD), foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area, 10 largest ICA including FAZ area (ICA10_IncFAZ) and excluding FAZ area (ICA10_ExcFAZ). Generalised estimating equation regression models were performed to determine the relationships of OCT-A vascular metrics with GCIPL thickness in the macular region and CVFS. RESULTS NTG eyes had lower global VD, larger ICA10_IncFAZ, and larger ICA10_ExcFAZ than normal controls (all p≤0.016). In the multivariable analyses, decreased VD (β=-0.304, p=0.006) and increased ICA (β=-0.231 for ICA10_IncFAZ and β=-0.259 for ICA10_ExcFAZ, all p≤0.042) were significantly associated with decreased GCIPL thickness in early NTG eyes but not in moderate-to-severe NTG eyes. ICA enlargement was associated with CVFS in early NTG eyes (β=-0.310, p=0.009), while VD was associated with CVFS in moderate-to-severe NTG eyes (β=-0.272, p=0.038). CONCLUSION ICA enlargement could be a potentially important disease marker of early NTG as reflected by its association with GCIPL thinning and decrease CVFS specifically for early NTG eyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyue Shen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yu Meng Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Carol Y Cheung
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Lam Kin Chung. Jet King-Shing Ho Glaucoma Treatment and Research Centre, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Fang Yao Tang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Alexander Lam
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Clement C Tham
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China .,Lam Kin Chung. Jet King-Shing Ho Glaucoma Treatment and Research Centre, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Hong Kong Eye Hospital, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Poemen PuiMan Chan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China .,Lam Kin Chung. Jet King-Shing Ho Glaucoma Treatment and Research Centre, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Hong Kong Eye Hospital, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
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Wu JH, Moghimi S, Nishida T, Proudfoot JA, Kamalipour A, Zangwill LM, Weinreb RN. Correlation of ganglion cell complex thinning with baseline deep and superficial macular vessel density in glaucoma. Br J Ophthalmol 2022:bjophthalmol-2021-320663. [PMID: 35101938 DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2021-320663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS To investigate the relationship between ganglion cell complex (GCC) thinning and baseline deep and superficial macular vessel density (VD) in glaucoma. METHODS 97 eyes of 69 primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and glaucoma suspect patients from the Diagnostics Innovations in Glaucoma Study with a minimum of 4 visits and 2 years of follow-up after baseline optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) examination were included. OCTA 3×3 mm2 macular scans were acquired at each visit and used to calculate superficial and deep parafoveal VD (pfVD) and OCT-based parafoveal GCC (pfGCC) thickness. Association of baseline superficial and deep pfVD with pfGCC thinning rate was evaluated using linear mixed model. RESULTS The included subjects had a baseline mean visual field mean deviation (95% CI) of -2.9 (-3.7 to -2.1) dB and a mean follow-up period of 3.6 years. In the univariable model, lower baseline superficial pfVD and higher mean intraocular pressure (IOP) during follow-up were significantly associated with a faster pfGCC thinning rate (p<0.05 for all), while deep pfVD was not (p=0.177). In the multivariable model, faster pfGCC thinning was correlated with higher mean IOP during follow-up (β=-0.05, p=0.002) and lower baseline superficial pfVD (β=-0.04, p=0.011). Eyes with a baseline superficial pfVD in the lowest tertile (≤46%) had significantly faster pfGCC loss compared with eyes with baseline superficial pfVD greater than 46% (p=0.015). CONCLUSION Lower baseline superficial pfVD, but not deep pfVD, was associated with faster pfGCC thinning in glaucoma. Moreover, superficial macular VD may help predict central macula thinning in patients with glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo-Hsuan Wu
- Hamilton Glaucoma Center, Shiley Eye Institute, Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Sasan Moghimi
- Hamilton Glaucoma Center, Shiley Eye Institute, Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Takashi Nishida
- Hamilton Glaucoma Center, Shiley Eye Institute, Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - James A Proudfoot
- Hamilton Glaucoma Center, Shiley Eye Institute, Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Alireza Kamalipour
- Hamilton Glaucoma Center, Shiley Eye Institute, Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Linda M Zangwill
- Hamilton Glaucoma Center, Shiley Eye Institute, Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Robert N Weinreb
- Hamilton Glaucoma Center, Shiley Eye Institute, Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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Combined wide-field optical coherence tomography angiography density map for high myopic glaucoma detection. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22034. [PMID: 34764370 PMCID: PMC8585951 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01661-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic ability of wide-field optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) density map for detection of glaucomatous damage in high myopic (HM) eyes and to further compare the diagnostic ability of OCTA with that of conventional imaging approaches including red-free photography and swept-source OCT (SS-OCT) wide-field maps. A total of 77 healthy HM eyes and 72 HM eyes with open angle glaucoma (OAG) participated in this retrospective observational study. Patients underwent a comprehensive ocular examination, including wide-field SS-OCT scan and peripapillary area and macular OCTA scans. An integrated OCTA density map thereafter was merged by vascular landmark-guided superimposition of peripapillary and macular superficial vascular density maps onto the red-free photography (resulting in the OCTA-PanoMap). Glaucoma specialists then determined the presence of glaucomatous damage in HM eyes by reading the OCTA-PanoMap and compared its sensitivity and specificity with those of conventional images. Sensitivity and specificity of OCTA-PanoMap for HM-OAG diagnosis was 94.4% and 96.1%, respectively. Compared with other imaging methods, the sensitivity of OCTA-PanoMap was significantly higher than that of red-free photography (P = 0.022) and comparable to that of wide-field SS-OCT maps. Specificity of OCTA-PanoMap was significantly higher than those of other conventional imaging methods (except for wide-field thickness map). The OCTA-PanoMap showed good diagnostic ability for discrimination of HM-OAG eyes from healthy HM eyes. As a complementary method of an alternative imaging modality, OCTA-PanoMap can be a useful tool for detection of HM-OAG.
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Lin YH, Huang SM, Yeung L, Ku WC, Chen HSL, Lai CC, Chuang LH. Correlation of Visual Field With Peripapillary Vessel Density Through Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Normal-Tension Glaucoma. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2020; 9:26. [PMID: 33364080 PMCID: PMC7746955 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.9.13.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the retinal vessel density (VD) in healthy and normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) eyes through optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and to determine the correlation between VD and the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and functional visual field (VF) defects for different locations. Methods A total of 74 NTG eyes and 24 healthy eyes were included. OCTA VD at 4.5 × 4.5 mm peripapillary region and 3.0 × 3.0 mm macula area, RNFL thickness, and VF pattern deviation results were individually analyzed on the basis of the Garway-Heath sectorization. Correlations between VD and VF/RNFL and VF were compared. Results In the NTG group, peripapillary VD, superficial macula VD, RNFL thickness, and ganglion cell complex thickness were significantly lower. In the whole peripapillary area and inferotemporal sector, anatomic correlations between VD and VF pattern deviation values were significantly higher than those between the RNFL thickness and VF values. In the subgroup analysis, VD was anatomically correlated with VF in early-, moderate-, and severe-stage NTG eyes, whereas the RNFL thickness was correlated with VF in moderate- and severe-stage NTG eyes. Conclusions We observed VD reduction in the peripapillary retina and superficial macula area in NTG eyes. The microvascular dropout of VD in the peripapillary retina, especially in the inferotemporal sector, provided a more accurate anatomic correlation with functional VF defects than that of the RNFL thickness, especially in early-stage NTG eyes. Translational Relevance In patients who cannot comply VF exam, VD is a good tool for disease detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Hsuan Lin
- Department of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ming Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ling Yeung
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Chen Ku
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Henry Shen-Lih Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chun Lai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Lan-Hsin Chuang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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