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Alabdulkader B, Alsiwat Y, Almatar H, Albdah B, Almustanyir A, Almutleb E, Alkanhal N, Almazroa A. Prevalence, Characteristics, and Management of Pediatric Ocular Trauma in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: A Retrospective Analysis. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:1673. [PMID: 39201231 PMCID: PMC11353789 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12161673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2024] [Revised: 08/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Ocular trauma is a major cause of visual impairment; however, little is known about its burden in Saudi Arabia. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the epidemiological characteristics of ocular trauma in pediatric patients in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. PATIENTS AND METHODS Medical records of pediatric patients diagnosed with eye injuries between January 2016 and December 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. Demographic and injury characteristics were collected, and ocular trauma injuries were classified according to the Birmingham Eye Trauma Terminology. RESULTS A total of 855 injured patients were included in the study, of whom 525 (61.4%) were boys. Patient age ranged from one month to 18 years. Most ocular injuries occurred in children aged 5-9 years. The injuries were more prevalent in boys than in girls. Closed globe injuries accounted for 70% of cases, open globe injuries for 21%, and other injuries for 9%. Most ocular injuries occurred at home (n = 87, 42%), followed by school (n = 61, 30%). CONCLUSIONS These results may inform the implementation and targeting of interventions to reduce or prevent eye injuries in children. Further, they highlight the importance of well-planned prevention programs to prevent eye injuries from occurring in children's daily lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balsam Alabdulkader
- Department of Optometry, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (B.A.); (Y.A.); (A.A.); (E.A.)
| | - Yara Alsiwat
- Department of Optometry, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (B.A.); (Y.A.); (A.A.); (E.A.)
| | - Hessa Almatar
- AI and Bioinformatics Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia;
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia (N.A.)
| | - Bayan Albdah
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia (N.A.)
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Almustanyir
- Department of Optometry, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (B.A.); (Y.A.); (A.A.); (E.A.)
| | - Essam Almutleb
- Department of Optometry, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (B.A.); (Y.A.); (A.A.); (E.A.)
| | - Norah Alkanhal
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia (N.A.)
| | - Ahmed Almazroa
- AI and Bioinformatics Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia;
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia (N.A.)
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Manandhar A, Mukharjee T, Karn RR. Ocular Firework Injuries among Patients Presented to the Emergency Department During Festival Season in a Tertiary Eye Hospital. JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc 2024; 62:99-102. [PMID: 38409985 PMCID: PMC10924514 DOI: 10.31729/jnma.8433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Fireworks can cause severe ocular injuries which can be prevented if used with proper precautions. It causes not only mechanical injuries but also thermal and chemical injuries. This study aimed to find out the prevalence of ocular firework injuries among patients presented to the emergency department during festival season in a tertiary eye hospital. Methods This is a descriptive cross-sectional study done among patients presenting in the emergency department of a tertiary eye hospital after obtaining ethical approval from the Institutional Review Committee. Data of patients from medical records between 26 October 2021 to 28 November 2021 and 15 October 2022 to 17 November 2022 was collected. A convenience sampling method was used. The point estimate was calculated at a 95% Confidence Interval. Results Among 132 patients, the prevalence of ocular firework injuries was seen in 73 (55.30%) (46.82-63.78, 95% Confidence Interval). Closed globe injury was mostly observed in 56 (76.71%) patients with ocular injuries. The most common age group affected was those less than 30 years old 54 (73.97%). Conclusions The prevalence of ocular firework injuries was found to be lower than other studies done in similar settings. Protective measures should be used to prevent ocular injuries. A public awareness program needs to be launched before such festivals. Keywords festivals; injuries; prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashma Manandhar
- Vitreo Retinal Department, Biratnagar Eye Hospital, Biratnagar, Morang, Nepal
| | - Tinku Mukharjee
- Optical Department, Biratnagar Eye Hospital, Biratnagar, Morang, Nepal
| | - Rajiv Ranjan Karn
- Research Department, Biratnagar Eye Hospital, Abhibadan Marg, Biratnagar, Morang, Nepal
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Explosive eye injuries: characteristics, traumatic mechanisms, and prognostic factors for poor visual outcomes. Mil Med Res 2023; 10:3. [PMID: 36631894 PMCID: PMC9835351 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-022-00438-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Explosions can produce blast waves, high-speed medium, thermal radiation, and chemical spatter, leading to complex and compound eye injuries. However, few studies have comprehensively investigated the clinical features of different eye injury types or possible risk factors for poor prognosis. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed all consecutive records of explosive eye injuries (1449 eyes in 1115 inpatients) in 14 tertiary referral hospitals in China over 12 years (between January 2008 and December 2019). Data on demographics, eye injury types, ocular findings, treatments, and factors affecting visual prognosis were extracted from a standardized database of eye injuries and statistically analyzed. RESULTS Mechanical ocular trauma accounted for 94.00% of explosion-related eye injuries, among which intraocular foreign bodies (IOFBs) resulted in 55.17% of open globe injuries (OGIs) and contusion caused 60.22% of close globe injuries (CGIs). Proliferative vitreous retinopathy (PVR) was more common in perforating (47.06%) and IOFB (26.84%) than in penetrating (8.79%) injuries, and more common with laceration (24.25%) than rupture (9.22%, P < 0.01). However, no difference was observed between rupture and contusion. Ultimately, 9.59% of eyes were removed and the final vision was ≤ 4/200 in 45.82% of patients. Poor presenting vision [odds ratio (OR) = 5.789], full-thickness laceration of the eyeball ≥ 5 mm (OR = 3.665), vitreous hemorrhage (OR = 3.474), IOFB (OR = 3.510), non-mechanical eye injury (NMEI, OR = 2.622, P < 0.001), rupture (OR = 2.362), traumatic optic neuropathy (OR = 2.102), retinal detachment (RD, OR = 2.033), endophthalmitis (OR = 3.281, P < 0.01), contusion (OR = 1.679), ciliary body detachment (OR = 6.592), zone III OGI (OR = 1.940), and PVR (OR = 1.615, P < 0.05) were significant negative predictors for poor visual outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Explosion ocular trauma has complex mechanisms, with multiple eyes involved and poor prognosis. In lethal level I explosion injuries, eyeball rupture is a serious condition, whereas contusion is more likely to improve. In level II injuries, IOFBs are more harmful than penetrating injuries, and level IV represents burn-related eye injuries. PVR is more associated with penetrating mechanisms than with OGI. Identifying the risk predictors for visual prognosis can guide clinicians in the evaluation and treatment of ocular blast injuries.
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Turgut F, Bograd A, Jeltsch B, Weber A, Schwarzer P, Ciotu IM, Amaral J, Menke MN, Thommen F, Tandogan T, Tappeiner C. Occurrence and outcome of firework-related ocular injuries in Switzerland: A descriptive retrospective study. BMC Ophthalmol 2022; 22:296. [PMID: 35799154 PMCID: PMC9260982 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-022-02513-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Firework-related ocular injuries (FWROI) are a major cause of preventable visual impairment. This study aimed to analyze the occurrence and outcome of FWROI in Switzerland. Methods This retrospective multicenter study included patients with FWROI from seven centers in Switzerland from January 2009 to August 2020. Demographic information, type of injuries, medical and surgical treatments, the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) at baseline and end of follow-up, occurrence and type of secondary complications, and duration of hospitalization were analyzed. Results A total of 105 patients (119 eyes) with a mean age of 27.1 ± 15.9 years were included in the study (71.4% male patients; 29.5% underage). Most injuries occurred around New Year’s Eve (32.4%) and the Swiss national holiday on 1 August (60.9%). The most common anterior segment findings were conjunctival or corneal foreign bodies (58%), whereas Berlin’s edema was the most common posterior segment finding (11.4%). Globe ruptures were found in four patients. The mean BCVA in all patients at first presentation was 0.4 ± 0.8 logMAR and improved to 0.3 ± 0.8 logMAR at last follow-up. A primary surgical intervention was performed in 48 eyes (40.3%). Hospitalization directly after the trauma was necessary for 18 patients for a mean of 5.8 ± 4.1 days, and a total of 4.9 ± 7.6 follow-up visits were needed. Conclusion This study provides the first data on FWROI in Switzerland, which are helpful for further preventive and educational programs and comparisons with other countries. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12886-022-02513-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferhat Turgut
- Department of Ophthalmology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Ophthalmology, City Hospital Triemli, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Bograd
- Department of Ophthalmology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Brida Jeltsch
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Adrian Weber
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lucerne Cantonal Hospital, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Petra Schwarzer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Pallas Klinik Olten, Louis Giroud-Strasse 20, 4600, Olten, Switzerland
| | - Iulia M Ciotu
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Joao Amaral
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland
| | - Marcel N Menke
- Department of Ophthalmology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Ophthalmology, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland
| | - François Thommen
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lausanne, Hôpital Ophtalmique Jules-Gonin, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tamer Tandogan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Pallas Klinik Olten, Louis Giroud-Strasse 20, 4600, Olten, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Tappeiner
- Department of Ophthalmology, Pallas Klinik Olten, Louis Giroud-Strasse 20, 4600, Olten, Switzerland. .,Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany. .,University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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AlGhadeer H, Khandekar R. Fireworks ocular injury in Saudi children: profile and management outcomes. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5942. [PMID: 35396519 PMCID: PMC8993825 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09606-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
To explore the demographic profiling, causes, types, complications, management outcomes, and severity of fireworks-inflicted ocular injuries in children in KSA. This is a retrospective study of 115 cases with eye injuries managed at the Emergency Department, of our institution between 2003 and 2019. Demography, clinical features at presentation, mode of management and the Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were evaluated at the last follow up. The study included 117 eyes of 115 children [median age: 9 years; 96 (83.5%) boys;19 (16.5%) girls]. Fifty-six (48.7%) participants were bystanders. The injuries were caused mainly due to bangers (n = 47; 40.9%), rockets in bottle (n = 28; 24.3%), firecrackers (n = 27; 23.5%), and nonspecific reasons (n = 13; 11.3%). The children had presented with various severity levels: corneal abrasion (n = 52; 44.4%); cataract (n = 47;40.2%); penetrating injury (n = 40; 34.2%); secondary glaucoma (n = 22;18.8%); subluxated lens (n = 19;16.2%); limbal stem cell deficiency (n = 14;12.0%); Iridodialysis (n = 12;10.3%), and vitreous hemorrhage (n = 11;9.4%). Management interventions of the eyes under study included: penetrating injury repair (n = 40; 34.2%), lens removal plus intraocular lens implantation (n = 26; 22.2%), removal of foreign body (n = 9; 7.7%). The BCVA after six months was 20/20 to 20/60 in 49 (41%) cases; 20/70 to 20/200 in 27 (23.1%) cases; < 20/200 to 20/400 in 7 (6%) cases, and < 20/400 in 34 (29.1%) of the cases. Out of 51.3% eyes with < 20/200 before management, only 35% recorded severe visual impairment. Fireworks-related eye injuries were mainly observed in boys primarily due to the use of bangers. Visual disability remained in one-third of the managed cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huda AlGhadeer
- Emergency Department, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, PO Box 7191, Riyadh, 11462, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Rajiv Khandekar
- Research Department, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,British Columbia Center for Epidemiologic and International Ophthalmology, UBC, Vancouver, Canada
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Al Barqi M, Al Ghadeer H. Severe Ocular Trauma Caused by Fireworks Injury: A Case Series. Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol 2022; 29:103-105. [PMID: 37123429 PMCID: PMC10138128 DOI: 10.4103/meajo.meajo_217_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim was to describe the three eyes of three patients with severe firework-related ocular injuries. The three eyes of three patients with firework injuries were studied. All patients were men aged 5, 11, and 31 years. All underwent a complete ocular examination, and two had surgical intervention. Two eyes received surgical treatment. One eye had evisceration, and the other eye had lens aspiration with a posterior chamber intraocular lens. Final visual acuity was no light perception, light perception, and 20/50. Ocular trauma from fireworks can cause a significant ocular morbidity, especially in children. Public health education on the hazards of fireworks is crucial to prevent a permanent visual loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Al Barqi
- Department of Emergency, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Huda Al Ghadeer
- Department of Emergency, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Address for correspondence: Dr. Huda Al Ghadeer, Department of Emergency, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Aruba Road, POB: 7191, Riyadh 11462, Saudi Arabia. E-mail:
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