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Antman G, Ritzer L, Galor A, Verticchio Vercellin A, Siesky BA, Alabi D, Vayner J, Segev F, Harris A. The relationship between dry eye disease and human microbiota: A review of the science. Exp Eye Res 2024; 245:109951. [PMID: 38838972 PMCID: PMC11250917 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2024.109951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
A complex relationship exists between human microbiota and the risk for ophthalmic disease. While the homeostatic composition of human microbiota is still being established, including what defines dysbiosis (i.e. changes in diversity and abundance), pilot research has begun to identify the potential influence of demographics, geography, and co-morbidities on the microbiota and describe their impact on ocular health. This review specifically focuses on the scientific relationships of the human oral and gut microbiota to dry eye disease (DED), a set of conditions impacting the tear film and ocular surface. Although data are sparse and often conflict across studies, the literature generally supports associations between microbial imbalance (dysbiosis) and DED and alterations in microbial diversity and abundance to specific aspects of DED. This review examines the relevant science and mechanistic relationships linking gut and oral dysbiosis and DED. Various physiochemical factors and therapeutic approaches that alter microbiota, including medications and fecal transplants are examined in relation to DED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gal Antman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikwa, Israel; Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Lukas Ritzer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anat Galor
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Brent A Siesky
- Department of Ophthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Denise Alabi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jason Vayner
- Department of Ophthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Fani Segev
- Ophthalmology, Assuta Ashdod Medical Center, Goldman Medical School, Ben-Gurion University, Be'er Sheva, Israel
| | - Alon Harris
- Department of Ophthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA.
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Caruso L, Fields M, Rimondi E, Zauli G, Longo G, Marcuzzi A, Previati M, Gonelli A, Zauli E, Milani D. Classical and Innovative Evidence for Therapeutic Strategies in Retinal Dysfunctions. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2124. [PMID: 38396799 PMCID: PMC10889839 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The human retina is a complex anatomical structure that has no regenerative capacity. The pathogenesis of most retinopathies can be attributed to inflammation, with the activation of the inflammasome protein platform, and to the impact of oxidative stress on the regulation of apoptosis and autophagy/mitophagy in retinal cells. In recent years, new therapeutic approaches to treat retinopathies have been investigated. Experimental data suggest that the secretome of mesenchymal cells could reduce oxidative stress, autophagy, and the apoptosis of retinal cells, and in turn, the secretome of the latter could induce changes in mesenchymal cells. Other studies have evidenced that noncoding (nc)RNAs might be new targets for retinopathy treatment and novel disease biomarkers since a correlation has been found between ncRNA levels and retinopathies. A new field to explore is the interaction observed between the ocular and intestinal microbiota; indeed, recent findings have shown that the alteration of gut microbiota seems to be linked to ocular diseases, suggesting a gut-eye axis. To explore new therapeutical strategies for retinopathies, it is important to use proper models that can mimic the complexity of the retina. In this context, retinal organoids represent a good model for the study of the pathophysiology of the retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Caruso
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (L.C.); (A.G.)
| | - Matteo Fields
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.F.); (G.L.); (A.M.); (M.P.); (D.M.)
| | - Erika Rimondi
- Department of Translational Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giorgio Zauli
- Research Department, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh 11462, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Giovanna Longo
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.F.); (G.L.); (A.M.); (M.P.); (D.M.)
| | - Annalisa Marcuzzi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.F.); (G.L.); (A.M.); (M.P.); (D.M.)
| | - Maurizio Previati
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.F.); (G.L.); (A.M.); (M.P.); (D.M.)
| | - Arianna Gonelli
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (L.C.); (A.G.)
| | - Enrico Zauli
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.F.); (G.L.); (A.M.); (M.P.); (D.M.)
| | - Daniela Milani
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.F.); (G.L.); (A.M.); (M.P.); (D.M.)
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Zhao J, Wang P, Jiang M, Yan S. Gut microbiota and thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy. ZHONG NAN DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF CENTRAL SOUTH UNIVERSITY. MEDICAL SCIENCES 2023; 48:1753-1759. [PMID: 38432867 PMCID: PMC10929947 DOI: 10.11817/j.issn.1672-7347.2023.230187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) is a multifactorial-mediated autoimmune orbital disease with the highest incidence of orbital disease in adults. Due to the complex clinical manifestations and prolonged course,TAO seriously affect the physical and mental health of patients.The pathogenesis of TAO has not been fully elucidated and the treatment lacks specificity. Therefore, in-depth research on the pathogenesis of TAO is to find effective treatments. In recent years, studies have suggested that there is gut microbiota disorder in TAO, and the risk factors of TAO can promote gut microbiota disorder. Disordered gut microbiota can participate in the occurrence and development of TAO via influencing T cell differentiation, mimicking autoantigens, and influencing host non-coding RNA expression. Modulating the gut microbiota also has therapeutic effects on TAO and is a promising therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxiao Zhao
- First Clinical Medical College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000.
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Minmin Jiang
- First Clinical Medical College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000
| | - Shuxun Yan
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, China.
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Rocha-de-Lossada C, Mazzotta C, Gabrielli F, Papa FT, Gómez-Huertas C, García-López C, Urbinati F, Rachwani-Anil R, García-Lorente M, Sánchez-González JM, Rechichi M, Rubegni G, Borroni D. Ocular Surface Microbiota in Naïve Keratoconus: A Multicenter Validation Study. J Clin Med 2023; 12:6354. [PMID: 37834997 PMCID: PMC10573816 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12196354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In the field of Ophthalmology, the mNGS 16S rRNA sequencing method of studying the microbiota and ocular microbiome is gaining more and more weight in the scientific community. This study aims to characterize the ocular microbiota of patients diagnosed with keratoconus who have not undergone any prior surgical treatment using the mNGS 16S rRNA sequencing method. Samples of naïve keratoconus patients were collected with an eNAT with 1 mL of Liquid Amies Medium (Copan Brescia, Italy), and DNA was extracted and analyzed with 16S NGS. The microbiota analysis showed a relative abundance of microorganisms at the phylum level in each sample collected from 38 patients with KC and 167 healthy controls. A comparison between healthy control and keratoconus samples identified two genera unique to keratoconus, Pelomonas and Ralstonia. Our findings suggest that alterations in the microbiota may play a role in the complex scenario of KC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Rocha-de-Lossada
- Eyemetagenomics Ltd., 71–75, Shelton Street, Covent Garden, London WC2H 9JQ, UK;
- Ophthalmology Department, QVision, Vithas Almería, 04120 Almeria, Spain
- Ophthalmology Department, Hospital Regional Universitario Málaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain; (F.U.); (M.G.-L.)
| | - Cosimo Mazzotta
- Siena Crosslinking Center, 53100 Siena, Italy;
- Departmental Ophthalmology Unit, USL Toscana Sud Est l, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Postgraduate Ophthalmology School, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Federico Gabrielli
- Biolab SRL, Laboratorio di Genetica e Genomica Molecolare, Largo degli Aranci, 9, 63100 Ascoli Piceno, Italy; (F.G.); (F.T.P.)
| | - Filomena Tiziana Papa
- Biolab SRL, Laboratorio di Genetica e Genomica Molecolare, Largo degli Aranci, 9, 63100 Ascoli Piceno, Italy; (F.G.); (F.T.P.)
| | - Carmen Gómez-Huertas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, 18014 Granada, Spain; (C.G.-H.); (C.G.-L.)
| | - Celia García-López
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, 18014 Granada, Spain; (C.G.-H.); (C.G.-L.)
| | - Facundo Urbinati
- Ophthalmology Department, Hospital Regional Universitario Málaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain; (F.U.); (M.G.-L.)
| | | | - María García-Lorente
- Ophthalmology Department, Hospital Regional Universitario Málaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain; (F.U.); (M.G.-L.)
| | | | - Miguel Rechichi
- Centro Polispecialistico Mediterraneo, 88050 Sellia Marina, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Rubegni
- Postgraduate Ophthalmology School, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Davide Borroni
- Eyemetagenomics Ltd., 71–75, Shelton Street, Covent Garden, London WC2H 9JQ, UK;
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