Spontaneous simultaneous bilateral malignant glaucoma of a patient with no antecedent history of medical or surgical eye diseases

A rare case of bilateral malignant glaucoma after cataract surgery with capsular tension ring implantation: a case report

BACKGROUND

Bilateral malignant glaucoma induced by a capsular tension ring associated with ring-shaped cysts of the ciliary body post-cataract surgery is rare. Herein, we present a case to highlight the possibility of capsular tension ring-induced malignant glaucoma.

CASE PRESENTATION

A 59-year-old woman underwent phacoemulsification combined with capsular tension ring implantation for cataracts and zonular fibre laxity in both eyes. Upon admission, annular ciliary masses were detected in both eyes using ultrasound biomicroscopy. Two months post-surgery, the patient experienced vision deterioration, high intraocular pressure, and an axial shallowing anterior chamber in the right eye, and responded poorly to traditional anti-glaucoma medication. Ten days later, similar symptoms appeared in the left eye. Ultrasound biomicroscopy detected contact between the ciliary body and the capsular tension ring. Subsequently, malignant glaucoma was diagnosed. Anterior and posterior capsulotomies performed peripheral to intraocular lens optics using neodymium: YAG laser restored communication and alleviated the symptoms. A one-year follow-up revealed stable intraocular pressure and anterior chamber in both eyes.

CONCLUSIONS

This is the first case report of bilateral malignant glaucoma after cataract surgery induced by capsular tension ring, which is associated with bilateral ring-shaped cysts of the ciliary body. Blockage between the ciliary body and capsular tension ring was confirmed using ultrasound biomicroscopy.

Impact of improved minimally invasive anterior vitrectomy on the prognosis of patients with malignant glaucoma

BACKGROUND

The importance of communicating the anterior chamber and vitreous cavity for managing malignant glaucoma (MG) is widely recognized. This study investigated the impact of improved minimally invasive anterior vitrectomy (IAV) on the prognosis of MG.

METHODS

This retrospective interventional study included patients with MG who underwent conventional surgery or improved minimally IAV in Nanchang Aier Eye Hospital between January 2011 and April 2021. For the improved step, a small amount of triamcinolone acetonide was injected into the vicinity of the iris. Then, the residual vitreous body adhering to triamcinolone acetonide was excised. Comparisons were made using repeated measures ANOVA, t-test, and chi-squared test.

RESULTS

Thirty-one eyes from 26 patients were included: 15 eyes from 13 patients in the conventional group and 16 eyes from 13 patients in the IAV group. The 1-week, 1-month, and 3-month intraocular pressure (IOP) and the 3-month mean central anterior chamber depth were comparable between the two groups (all P > 0.05). The conventional group showed one eye with intraoperative vitreous hemorrhage and two eyes with postoperative re-shallowing of the anterior chamber; such events did not occur in the IAV group, and none developed corneal endothelial decompensation, IOL deviation, suprachoroidal hemorrhage, or retinal detachment during treatment and follow-up.

CONCLUSION

Patients with MG who undergo improved minimally IAV might have similar postoperative IOP and central anterior chamber depth compared with conventional surgery but with reduced complications such as intraoperative vitreous hemorrhage and postoperative re-shallowing of the anterior chamber. Improved minimally IAV might be an alternative surgery for MG.

Aqueous misdirection syndrome masking as myopic surprise following phacoemulsification surgery

Aqueous misdirection syndrome is a rare but serious condition that can present after routine phacoemulsification surgery. This report examines a case of myopic surprise following an uncomplicated left eye (LE) phacoemulsification surgery. The patient had previous bilateral peripheral iridotomies for narrow anterior chamber angles. Repeat biometry measurement of the pseudophakic LE did not show shallow anterior chamber, and intraocular pressure (IOP) was normal at initial presentation. However, approximately 3 years postoperatively, LE IOP was raised. Surgical management was considered as medical and laser procedures did not stop deterioration. Clinical presentation of aqueous misdirection syndrome may be subtle and can occur weeks to years after routine uncomplicated phacoemulsification surgery. Myopic surprise may be the only initial presenting sign. Patients who are at risk of aqueous misdirection syndrome should be followed up closely after cataract surgery with accurate gonioscopic assessments for early diagnosis and treatment to prevent optic nerve damage.

Aqueous misdirection after Nd:YAG goniopuncture in deep sclerectomy treated with Nd:YAG irido-zonulo-hyaloidotomy

BACKGROUND

To report a case of aqueous misdirection after goniopuncture in deep sclerectomy treated with Nd:YAG laser irido-zonulo-hyaloidotomy.

CASE PRESENTATION

About 72 years old patient with pseudoexfoliation glaucoma who underwent deep sclerectomy, developed aqueous misdirection after Nd:YAG laser goniopuncture. Medical management failed and subsequent peripheral Yag laser iridotomy to expose the zonules coupled with laser zonulo-hyaloidotomy was done and an instant gush of aqueous and vitreous substance prolapse through the iridotomy was noticed. Later, the anterior chamber was deep and the pressure was controlled.

CONCLUSIONS

Aqueous misdirection can occur after Nd:YAG laser goniopuncture. Nd:YAG laser irido-zonulo-hyaloidotomy can be effective in breaking the attack.

Simultaneous bilateral aqueous misdirection following certolizumab therapy for rheumatoid arthritis

Aqueous misdirection syndrome is a rare, incompletely understood, sight-threatening eye condition that is difficult to diagnose and treat. We present a case of simultaneous bilateral aqueous misdirection following the administration of certolizumab in a 41-year-old women with rheumatoid arthritis and no known risk factors. To our knowledge, aqueous misdirection has not previously been associated with the use of tumour necrosis factor-alpha inhibitors.

Slit-lamp Pars Plana Needle Hyaloidotomy-Zonulotomy-Iridotomy for the Treatment of Spontaneous Malignant Glaucoma

An 88-year-old woman with a history of recent complicated pacemaker insertion presented with acute-onset malignant glaucoma recalcitrant to conservative medical therapy. Surgical intervention was discussed; however, given her complex cardiac history and recent postoperative state, the risk of anesthesia-related systemic adverse events was deemed unacceptably high. As such, a slit-lamp procedure was recommended to break the attack of malignant glaucoma. Here within, we report a novel technique of breaking an attack of malignant glaucoma by needling the anterior hyaloid face at the slit lamp. With this technique, a 25-G needle was entered through the pars plana and was advanced through the anterior hyaloid face, zonules, and peripheral iridotomy to create a unicameral eye and successfully break the malignant closure attack.

Spontaneous malignant glaucoma: Case report and review of the literature

Malignant glaucoma usually occurs after anterior segment surgery (typically after glaucoma surgery). The aim of this article is to report a case of spontaneous malignant glaucoma (SpMG), which required phacovitrectomy for resolution and to review the cases of SpMG reported in modern literature. Only nine cases were identified. SpMG has no gender predilection and age at onset seems to be lower (mean age 47 years) than in secondary malignant glaucoma (SeMG). Nearly in half of the reported patients (4 out of 9) the condition had a bilateral presentation. The risk factors that have been identified for SeMG (nanophthalmos, shallow anterior chamber, iris plateau, zonular laxity) are underrepresented in SpMG.

Surgical management of malignant glaucoma: a retrospective analysis of fifty eight eyes

PurposeTo assess outcomes of surgical management of malignant glaucoma in terms of re-formation of anterior chamberMethodsThis was a retrospective analysis of consecutive patients who underwent surgical treatment for malignant glaucoma between January 1995 and December 2013 at a tertiary care ophthalmic institute, with a minimum follow up of 2 months.ResultsFifty eight eyes of 58 patients were included. Fifty two (89.7%) patients had primary angle closure glaucoma. The majority had undergone glaucoma filtration surgery earlier (n=53, 91.4%). Lensectomy and anterior vitrectomy was performed in 15 (25.9%) eyes (Group 1). Vitrectomy and anterior chamber re-formation was performed in 27 (46.6%) eyes (Group 2). Vitrectomy-phacoemulsification-vitrectomy was performed in 16 (27.6%) eyes (Group 3). Communication between the two segments of eye through anterior hyaloid, lens capsule complex and/or iris was achieved in all groups. The median follow-up (Inter-quartile range) was 30 (71.5) months. Anterior chamber re-formation was achieved in 56 (96.5%) eyes at final visit. The improvement in mean±SD LogMAR visual acuity (1.1±1 to 0.7±0.8) and reduction in number ±SD of anti-glaucoma medications (2.1±1.1 to 1±1.6) between onset and final visit were significant (P=0.02 and <0.01, respectively). The intraocular pressure (mm Hg) at onset and at final visit was 30.7±17.4 and 14±6.2, 32.8±12.6 and 15.3±7.4, and 27.2±14 and 10.9±3 in groups 1-3, respectively (all P<0.01).ConclusionOur anatomical success rate was high. The key element in achieving this outcome was the establishment of a patent communication between the vitreous cavity and the anterior chamber.

Aqueous misdirection syndrome: an interesting case presentation

Objective

To report a case of an aqueous misdirection-like presentation in a pseudophakic patient.

Design

Retrospective case review.

Participant

An 84-year-old pseudophakic gentleman presented with bilateral blurred vision 8 years after cataract surgery. A refractive shift with shallow anterior chambers and elevated intraocular pressures were noted. No corneal edema was noted. Although aqueous suppression and topical atropine would relieve the signs and symptoms, the effect was temporary with fluctuating and variable changes in refraction, anterior chamber depth, and intraocular pressure. The presence of patent iridotomies had no effect on the fluctuations. A pars plana vitrectomy and surgical iridectomy were successful in preventing further fluctuations.

Conclusion

Aqueous misdirection is a form of secondary angle closure glaucoma marked by elevated intraocular pressures, myopic shift in refraction, and central shallowing of the anterior chamber. Here, a case of a pseudophakic patient experiencing bilateral and fluctuating signs and symptoms resembling aqueous misdirection is presented. Surgical intervention with a pars plana vitrectomy and iridectomy prevented further fluctuations.

Current concepts in the treatment of vitreous block, also known as aqueous misdirection

Vitreous block (VB), a rare secondary angle-closure caused by anterior rotation of the ciliary body, occurs in a variety of settings, but most frequently after glaucoma filtering surgery. The etiology remains unclear, but choroidal expansion and anterior vitreous abnormalities have been proposed. In the past, treatment of VB has yielded high rates of failure and recurrence. Advancements in surgical techniques, however, have led to improved visual outcomes. We review the history of this condition and present a stepwise approach to its diagnosis and treatment using modern imaging modalities and surgical techniques.