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Jue Z, Xu Z, Yuen VL, Chan ODS, Yam JC. Association between vitamin D level and cataract: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2024:10.1007/s00417-024-06592-w. [PMID: 39179900 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-024-06592-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The association between serum vitamin D level and cataract remains controversial. This study aims to evaluate the association between vitamin D level and cataract. METHODS In this study, articles in the PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE databases were searched up to 30 August 2023 and 626 articles were screened. Four studies involving a total of 10,928 subjects with cataract and 10,117 control subjects met the inclusion criteria. RESULTS Decreased serum vitamin D level was associated with higher incidence of cataract (P = 0.047; MD: -4.87; 95%CI: [-9.67, -0.07]). In the subgroup analysis by sex, a significant association was found between serum vitamin D level and cataract in both male (P = 0.01, MD: -2.15,95%CI: [-3.83, -0.46]) and female (P < 0.01; MD: -6.67,95%CI: [-8.20, -5.14]).In the subgroup analysis by the types of cataract, significant association was found between serum vitamin D level and nuclear (P < 0.01; MD: -10.48; 95%CI: [-12.72, -8.24]) and posterior subcapsular cataract (P = 0.02; MD: -6.05; 95%CI: [-11.30, -0.80]) but not in cortical cataract (P = 0.14; MD: -6.74; 95%CI: [-15.70, 2.22]). CONCLUSION This meta-analysis revealed potential association between serum vitamin D level and cataract, more significant in female, and the subtypes of nuclear and posterior subcapsular cataract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Jue
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 147K Argyle Street, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ziming Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 147K Argyle Street, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Vincent L Yuen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 147K Argyle Street, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Odessa Dik San Chan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 147K Argyle Street, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jason C Yam
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 147K Argyle Street, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- Hong Kong Eye Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hong Kong Children's Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- Hong Kong Hub of Paediatric Excellence, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Mrugacz M, Pieńczykowska K, Bryl A. The Role of Vitamin D3 in Ocular Diseases. Nutrients 2024; 16:1878. [PMID: 38931233 PMCID: PMC11206323 DOI: 10.3390/nu16121878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D3 plays a vital role in numerous physiological processes within the human body, including having a positive effect on eye health. It is renowned for its immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and angiogenic properties. Its deficiency is evolving into a significant global challenge. In order to explain the connection between vitamin D3 and various ocular diseases, 84 relevant studies, mainly from the PubMed database, published in English between 1999 and 2024 were analyzed. Ocular tissues can activate and regulate vitamin D levels, which emphasizes the significance of this nutrient in maintaining eye homeostasis. While there is suggestive evidence for a probable association between vitamin D3 and ocular health, more robust research is needed to establish causation and inform clinical guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Mrugacz
- Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Rehabilitation, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Białystok, Poland;
| | - Kamila Pieńczykowska
- The Medical University of Bialystok Clinical Hospital, 15-089 Białystok, Poland;
| | - Anna Bryl
- Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Rehabilitation, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Białystok, Poland;
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Ciorba AL, Teusdea A, Roiu G, Cavalu DS. Particularities of Cataract Surgery in Elderly Patients: Corneal Structure and Endothelial Morphological Changes after Phacoemulsification. Geriatrics (Basel) 2024; 9:77. [PMID: 38920433 PMCID: PMC11202640 DOI: 10.3390/geriatrics9030077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of ultrasounds used in phacoemulsification during cataract surgery on the corneal structure and morphology in patients over 65 years. We compared the outcomes of phacoemulsification techniques in terms of corneal cell morphology in 77 patients over 65 years old and 43 patients under 65 years old. Corneal cell density, central corneal thickness and hexagonality were measured preoperatively and post-surgery (at 1 and 4 weeks) by specular microscopy. The effect of gender, axial length and anterior chamber depth on the parameters of corneal endothelium were evaluated. In both groups, a progressive decrease in endothelial cells was observed, starting from the first week post-surgery until the fourth postoperative week. The central corneal thickness increased in both groups with maximum values at the first week postoperatively, while their initial values were restored in the fourth week post-surgery, with no statistical difference between groups. Statistically significant differences were noticed in terms of cell hexagonality in the group over 65, showing smaller hexagonality at all preoperative and postoperative time points compared to group under 65. Our result highlights the importance of routine specular microscopy performed before surgery, regardless the age of the patients, with caution and careful attention to the phaco power intensity, ultrasound energy consumption and intraoperative manipulation of instruments, as well as proper use of viscoelastic substances to reduce corneal endothelium damage, especially in elderly patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adela Laura Ciorba
- Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, P-ta 1 Decembrie 10, 410087 Oradea, Romania; (A.L.C.); (D.S.C.)
| | - Alin Teusdea
- Faculty of Environmental Protection, University of Oradea, 26 Gen. Magheru Street, 410048 Oradea, Romania
| | - George Roiu
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, P-ta 1 Decembrie 10, 410087 Oradea, Romania
| | - Daniela Simona Cavalu
- Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, P-ta 1 Decembrie 10, 410087 Oradea, Romania; (A.L.C.); (D.S.C.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, P-ta 1 Decembrie 10, 410087 Oradea, Romania
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Ramezani A, Sabbaghi H, Katibeh M, Ahmadieh H, Kheiri B, Yaseri M, Moradian S, Alizadeh Y, Soltani Moghadam R, Medghalchi A, Etemad K, Behboudi H. Prevalence of cataract and its contributing factors in Iranian elderly population: the Gilan eye study. Int Ophthalmol 2023; 43:4503-4514. [PMID: 37584824 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-023-02851-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To report the prevalence and the associated factors leading to cataract among the Iranian population living in Gilan Province, Iran. METHODS This population-based cross-sectional study was performed from June to November 2014 on 2,975 residents aged ≥ 50 years old living in urban and rural regions of the Gilan Province in Iran. A representative sample of residents in the province was recruited into the study through door-to-door visiting, and baseline data were collected by questionnaire. All participants were referred to the medical center for comprehensive ophthalmic examination, laboratory tests, and blood pressure measurement. RESULTS Among the population, 2,588 (86.99%) subjects were eligible to be included in this study, categorized either into the cataract or the non-cataract group. The mean age of participants was 62.59 ± 8.92 years, and 57.5% were female. Higher prevalence of cataract was found in individuals of older ages (odds ratio (OR) = 1.13; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.10 to 1.16; P < 0.001) and a history of previous ocular surgery (OR = 5.78; 95% CI = 2.28 to 14.63; P < 0.001). At the same time, a lower prevalence of cataract was seen in patients exposed to sunlight for more than 4 h per day (OR = 0.49; 95% CI = 0.32 to 0.73; P = 0.001). CONCLUSION Cataract affects 50.50% of the study population, especially those over 80. The mildest form of cataract, grade zero, is the most common. Surgery for cataract has good outcomes. The risk of cataract is higher for those older or who have had eye surgeries. People not affected by cataract tend to be exposed to more sunlight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirreza Ramezani
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Velenjak Street, Tehran, 198353-5511, Iran
| | - Hamideh Sabbaghi
- Ophthalmic Epidemiology Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Optometry, School of Rehabilitation, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Katibeh
- Center for Global Health, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Hamid Ahmadieh
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahareh Kheiri
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Yaseri
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Siamak Moradian
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yousef Alizadeh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Namjoo Avenue, Rasht, Gilan, Iran
| | - Reza Soltani Moghadam
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Namjoo Avenue, Rasht, Gilan, Iran
| | - Abdolreza Medghalchi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Namjoo Avenue, Rasht, Gilan, Iran
| | - Koorosh Etemad
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hassan Behboudi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Namjoo Avenue, Rasht, Gilan, Iran.
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5
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Jafari R, Kamali M, Rad MM. A new pattern of bilateral cataracts associated with hypocalcemia secondary to uncontrolled hypoparathyroidism. Oman J Ophthalmol 2022; 15:389-392. [PMID: 36760949 PMCID: PMC9905909 DOI: 10.4103/ojo.ojo_238_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoparathyroidism is a disorder characterized by hypocalcemia. Premature cataract is one of the signs of hypoparathyroidism, but it is very rare. The present text is a case report of a rare case of a new pattern of bilateral cataracts associated with hypocalcemia secondary to uncontrolled hypoparathyroidism. The patient is a 30-year-old male with a chief complaint of progressive, painless vision loss and tearing in both eyes and photophobia in the left eye for the past 10 months and paresthesia, muscle spasms, and tingling for 2 years before referral. He had a history of hypoparathyroidism disorder that was undertreated with medication. Central posterior subcapsular cataract in both the eyes had been diagnosed. He underwent cataract surgery of the left eye under topical anesthesia. The visual acuity improved from 20/40 to 20/20 postoperatively, and the patient did not have any visual symptoms. This case is the first report of cataract with feathery opacity pattern reported with high-quality imaging from a patient. This feathery opacity pattern may explain the difference in the morphology of this patient's cataracts from others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Jafari
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran,Address for correspondence: Dr. Reza Jafari, Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. E-mail:
| | - Mahsa Kamali
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Marzieh Movahedi Rad
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran,Diabetes Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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Serhan HA, Alma’aitah HW, Irshaidat S, Ameer MA, Asghar MS, Tahir MJ. Ophthalmic manifestations of nutritional deficiencies: A mini review. J Family Med Prim Care 2022; 11:5899-5901. [PMID: 36618247 PMCID: PMC9810943 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_790_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Balanced nutrition is crucial for a healthy eye and vision. Many nutritional deficiencies can result in vision impairment. This article reviews the ocular manifestations of vitamin deficiencies, including vitamin A, vitamin B1 and B12, vitamin C, vitamin D, and vitamin E, and minerals such as zinc. It discusses different ophthalmic symptoms and signs, including dry eye disease, corneal xerosis, decreased night vision, subconjunctival hemorrhage, and retinal changes similar to retinitis pigmentosa. We strongly recommend using multi-vitamin supplements for treating many diseases such as age-related macular degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sara Irshaidat
- Department of Pediatric, King Hussein Cancer Centre, Amman, Jordan
| | - Muhammad Atif Ameer
- Department of Medicine, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Weston-Super Mare, UK
| | - Muhammad Sohaib Asghar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences–Ojha Campus, Karachi, Pakistan,Address for correspondence: Dr. Muhammad Sohaib Asghar, Department of Internal Medicine, Dow University Hospital–Ojha Campus, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan. B328, Block 6, Gulshan-e-Iqbal, Karachi - 75300, Pakistan. E-mail:
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Vitamin D, the Vitamin D Receptor, Calcitriol Analogues and Their Link with Ocular Diseases. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14112353. [PMID: 35684153 PMCID: PMC9183042 DOI: 10.3390/nu14112353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The global prevalence of eye diseases continues to grow, bringing with it a reduction in the activity levels and quality of life of patients, and partial or complete blindness if left untreated. As such, there is considerable interest in identifying more effective therapeutic options and preventive agents. One such agent is vitamin D, known to have a range of anti-cancer, anti-angiogenic, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties, and whose deficiency is linked to the pathogenesis of a range of cardiovascular, cancer, and inflammatory diseases. This review presents the current stage of knowledge concerning the link between vitamin D and its receptor and the occurrence of eye disease, as well as the influence of analogues of calcitriol, an active metabolite of vitamin D. Generally, patients affected by various ocular disorders have vitamin D deficiency. In addition, previous findings suggest that vitamin D modulates the course of eye diseases and may serve as a marker, and that its supplementation could mitigate some disorders. However, as these studies have some limitations, we recommend further randomized trials to clarify the link between vitamin D and its activity with eye disease.
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8
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Chan HN, Zhang XJ, Ling XT, Bui CHT, Wang YM, Ip P, Chu WK, Chen LJ, Tham CC, Yam JC, Pang CP. Vitamin D and Ocular Diseases: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084226. [PMID: 35457041 PMCID: PMC9032397 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The contributory roles of vitamin D in ocular and visual health have long been discussed, with numerous studies pointing to the adverse effects of vitamin D deficiency. In this paper, we provide a systematic review of recent findings on the association between vitamin D and different ocular diseases, including myopia, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy (DR), dry eye syndrome (DES), thyroid eye disease (TED), uveitis, retinoblastoma (RB), cataract, and others, from epidemiological, clinical and basic studies, and briefly discuss vitamin D metabolism in the eye. We searched two research databases for articles examining the association between vitamin D deficiency and different ocular diseases. One hundred and sixty-two studies were found. There is evidence on the association between vitamin D and myopia, AMD, DR, and DES. Overall, 17 out of 27 studies reported an association between vitamin D and AMD, while 48 out of 54 studies reported that vitamin D was associated with DR, and 25 out of 27 studies reported an association between vitamin D and DES. However, the available evidence for the association with other ocular diseases, such as glaucoma, TED, and RB, remains limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hei-Nga Chan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (H.-N.C.); (X.-J.Z.); (X.-T.L.); (C.H.-T.B.); (Y.-M.W.); (W.-K.C.); (L.-J.C.); (C.C.T.)
| | - Xiu-Juan Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (H.-N.C.); (X.-J.Z.); (X.-T.L.); (C.H.-T.B.); (Y.-M.W.); (W.-K.C.); (L.-J.C.); (C.C.T.)
| | - Xiang-Tian Ling
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (H.-N.C.); (X.-J.Z.); (X.-T.L.); (C.H.-T.B.); (Y.-M.W.); (W.-K.C.); (L.-J.C.); (C.C.T.)
| | - Christine Huyen-Trang Bui
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (H.-N.C.); (X.-J.Z.); (X.-T.L.); (C.H.-T.B.); (Y.-M.W.); (W.-K.C.); (L.-J.C.); (C.C.T.)
| | - Yu-Meng Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (H.-N.C.); (X.-J.Z.); (X.-T.L.); (C.H.-T.B.); (Y.-M.W.); (W.-K.C.); (L.-J.C.); (C.C.T.)
| | - Patrick Ip
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China;
| | - Wai-Kit Chu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (H.-N.C.); (X.-J.Z.); (X.-T.L.); (C.H.-T.B.); (Y.-M.W.); (W.-K.C.); (L.-J.C.); (C.C.T.)
- Hong Kong Hub of Paediatric Excellence, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Li-Jia Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (H.-N.C.); (X.-J.Z.); (X.-T.L.); (C.H.-T.B.); (Y.-M.W.); (W.-K.C.); (L.-J.C.); (C.C.T.)
- Hong Kong Hub of Paediatric Excellence, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Clement C. Tham
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (H.-N.C.); (X.-J.Z.); (X.-T.L.); (C.H.-T.B.); (Y.-M.W.); (W.-K.C.); (L.-J.C.); (C.C.T.)
- Hong Kong Hub of Paediatric Excellence, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hong Kong Children’s Hospital, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Eye Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jason C. Yam
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (H.-N.C.); (X.-J.Z.); (X.-T.L.); (C.H.-T.B.); (Y.-M.W.); (W.-K.C.); (L.-J.C.); (C.C.T.)
- Hong Kong Hub of Paediatric Excellence, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hong Kong Children’s Hospital, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Eye Hospital, Hong Kong, China
- Correspondence: (J.C.Y.); (C.-P.P.)
| | - Chi-Pui Pang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (H.-N.C.); (X.-J.Z.); (X.-T.L.); (C.H.-T.B.); (Y.-M.W.); (W.-K.C.); (L.-J.C.); (C.C.T.)
- Hong Kong Hub of Paediatric Excellence, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Correspondence: (J.C.Y.); (C.-P.P.)
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Pierscionek BK. Anti-cataract therapies: is there a need for a new approach based on targeting of aquaporins? Expert Opin Ther Targets 2021; 25:1027-1031. [PMID: 34930082 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2021.2017423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara K Pierscionek
- Faculty of Health, Education, Medicine and Social Care, Medical Technology Research Centre, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford Campus, Chelmsford UK
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10
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Wishart TFL, Flokis M, Shu DY, Das SJ, Lovicu FJ. Hallmarks of lens aging and cataractogenesis. Exp Eye Res 2021; 210:108709. [PMID: 34339681 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Lens homeostasis and transparency are dependent on the function and intercellular communication of its epithelia. While the lens epithelium is uniquely equipped with functional repair systems to withstand reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated oxidative insult, ROS are not necessarily detrimental to lens cells. Lens aging, and the onset of pathogenesis leading to cataract share an underlying theme; a progressive breakdown of oxidative stress repair systems driving a pro-oxidant shift in the intracellular environment, with cumulative ROS-induced damage to lens cell biomolecules leading to cellular dysfunction and pathology. Here we provide an overview of our current understanding of the sources and essential functions of lens ROS, antioxidative defenses, and changes in the major regulatory systems that serve to maintain the finely tuned balance of oxidative signaling vs. oxidative stress in lens cells. Age-related breakdown of these redox homeostasis systems in the lens leads to the onset of cataractogenesis. We propose eight candidate hallmarks that represent common denominators of aging and cataractogenesis in the mammalian lens: oxidative stress, altered cell signaling, loss of proteostasis, mitochondrial dysfunction, dysregulated ion homeostasis, cell senescence, genomic instability and intrinsic apoptotic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mary Flokis
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Daisy Y Shu
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Save Sight Institute, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear. Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shannon J Das
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Frank J Lovicu
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Save Sight Institute, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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11
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Daldal H, Gokmen Salici A. Ocular Findings Among Patients With Vitamin D Deficiency. Cureus 2021; 13:e15159. [PMID: 34168925 PMCID: PMC8215305 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.15159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the ocular findings in patients with low vitamin D levels. Methods All patients who attended the Internal Medicine Clinic between March 2018 and February 2020 with vitamin low D levels but had been untreated for the same were included in our study. The exclusion criteria were as follows:history of intraocular surgery, trauma, steroid use, secondary glaucoma, and history of rheumatologic diseases. The patients were classified into three groups: group 1 had severe deficiency with vitamin D levels below 10 µg/L; group 2 had vitamin deficiency with levels of 10-20 µg/L; and group 3 had vitamin D insufficiency with levels of 20-30 µg/L. A comparison among groups was performed in terms of intraocular pressure (IOP), retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, central macular thickness (CMT), dry eyes, cataract, glaucoma, macular degeneration, and refractive error. The evaluation of statistical data was performed with the SPSS Statistics software version 22 (IBM, Armonk, NY). Results There were a total of 98 patients and 196 eyes, who were classified into three groups. There were 41 patients in group 1, 45 in group 2, and 12 in group 3. Groups were similar in terms of age (p=0.25) and gender (p=0.46). The average age among the cohort was 51 ± 13.08 years; 65 (66.3%) of the patients were female and 33 (33.7%) were male. There was no statistically significant difference in terms of IOP (p=0.55), dry eyes (p=0.35), cataract (p=0.22), glaucoma (p=0.50), macular degeneration (p=0.64), and refractive error (p=0.46) among the groups. There was a statistically significant difference in CMT between group 1 and other groups (p=0.002 and p=0.002, respectively). Also, there was a statistically significant difference in RNFL thickness between group 1 and group 2 (p=0.01). When compared in terms of quadrants, a significant difference was found only with regard to the nasal quadrant. Conclusion Based on our findings, lower levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D might be related to thinning in CMT. Regarding RNFL thickness, while there was a significant difference between groups 1 and 2, there was no difference between groups 1 and 3, and hence the association between lower levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and thinning in RNFL thickness could not be clearly established. Hence, we have assumed that lower levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D might cause thinning in the macula and nasal quadrant of RNFL, and vitamin D deficiency might affect the nasal quadrant of RNFL primarily. Further long-term studies with a larger number of patients might clarify the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and the thinning in CMT, RNFL quadrants, and RNFL thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatice Daldal
- Department of Ophthalmology, Usak University Faculty of Medicine, Usak, TUR
| | - Ayla Gokmen Salici
- Department of Internal Medicine, Usak University Training and Research Hospital, Usak, TUR
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Atalay K, Gezer Savur F, Kirgiz A, Erdogan Kaldirim H, Zengi O. SERUM VITAMIN D LEVELS IN DIFFERENT MORPHOLOGIC FORMS OF AGE RELATED CATARACT. ACTA ENDOCRINOLOGICA-BUCHAREST 2020; 16:178-182. [PMID: 33029234 DOI: 10.4183/aeb.2020.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Vitamin D insufficiency and age related cataract (ARC) are public health problems. We evaluated serum vitamin D levels in ARC patients. Method A prospective hospital-based cross-sectional study was designed to measure the vitamin D status of patients with ARC. Patients have grouped either presence of any type of posterior subcapsular cataract (PSC) (group 1) or ARC without the PSC component (Group 2). After full ophthalmologic consideration, patients over 40 years of age with no history of ocular trauma, multivitamin supplement ingestion, chronic renal failure, thyroidectomy, parathyroidectomy, skin cancer, and cigarette smoking were included in the study. Results Totally, 79 subjects of which 26 (32.9%) subjects in group 1 and 53 (67.1%) subjects in group 2 were included in the study. Group 1 had mean vitamin D levels of 17.31±13.30 ng/mL. Vitamin D levels in Group 2 were 13.34±7.87 ng/mL. Group 1 did not show vitamin D insufficiency (P = 0.31; one-sample t-test). However, Group 2 showed a statistically significantly lower vitamin D level compared to the insufficiency level of 20ng/mL (P= 0.00; one-sample t-test). Conclusion Vitamin D may have an important function in lens metabolism. Vitamin D deficiency and cataract development need further extensive researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Atalay
- Bağcılar Training and Research Hospital - Ophthalmology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - F Gezer Savur
- Bağcılar Training and Research Hospital - Ophthalmology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - A Kirgiz
- Bağcılar Training and Research Hospital - Ophthalmology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - H Erdogan Kaldirim
- Bağcılar Training and Research Hospital - Ophthalmology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - O Zengi
- Bağcılar Training and Research Hospital - Ophthalmology, Istanbul, Turkey
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Richardson RB, Ainsbury EA, Prescott CR, Lovicu FJ. Etiology of posterior subcapsular cataracts based on a review of risk factors including aging, diabetes, and ionizing radiation. Int J Radiat Biol 2020; 96:1339-1361. [DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2020.1812759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard B. Richardson
- Radiobiology and Health Branch, Canadian Nuclear Laboratories (CNL), Chalk River, Canada
- McGill University’s Medical Physics Unit, Cedars Cancer Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Elizabeth A. Ainsbury
- Public Health England’s Centre for Chemical, Radiological and Environmental Hazards, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Frank J. Lovicu
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Öktem Ç, Aslan F. Vitamin D Levels in Young Adult Cataract Patients: A Case-Control Study. Ophthalmic Res 2020; 64:116-120. [PMID: 32575105 DOI: 10.1159/000509602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate whether a relationship is present between early cataract formation and vitamin D in young adults. METHODS A total of 37 cataract patients (18 males and 19 females) and 53 healthy participants (27 males and 26 females) under the age of 60 years were included in this study. The 25-OH vitamin D values were measured in all subjects and the mean vitamin D levels compared between the 2 groups. Additionally, the differences between the vitamin D levels of the genders in both groups were investigated. RESULTS The mean age of the study group was 48.1 ± 8.5 (range 33-59) years, and the mean age of the control group was 49.3 ± 7.8 (range 31-59) years (p = 0.48 and p = 0.83). The mean vitamin D level was 15.6 ± 8.4 ng/mL in the study group and 20.8 ± 7.1 ng/mL in the healthy subjects (p = 0.002). Among the females, the vitamin D level was 10.6 ± 4.7 ng/mL in the study group and 18.1 ± 6.4 ng/mL in the control group (p = 0.0001). No significant difference was found between the groups among the males (p = 0.24). CONCLUSION We found vitamin D deficiency to be associated with early age-related cataract in a statistically significant manner. We believe it is worth investigating the reason for this concurrence with large longitudinal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Çağlar Öktem
- Department of Ophthalmology, Alaaddin Keykubat University Alanya Education and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey,
| | - Fatih Aslan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Alaaddin Keykubat University Alanya Education and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
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Heruye SH, Maffofou Nkenyi LN, Singh NU, Yalzadeh D, Ngele KK, Njie-Mbye YF, Ohia SE, Opere CA. Current Trends in the Pharmacotherapy of Cataracts. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:E15. [PMID: 31963166 PMCID: PMC7168925 DOI: 10.3390/ph13010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cataracts, one of the leading causes of preventable blindness worldwide, refers to lens degradation that is characterized by clouding, with consequent blurry vision. As life expectancies improve, the number of people affected with cataracts is predicted to increase worldwide, especially in low-income nations with limited access to surgery. Although cataract surgery is considered safe, it is associated with some complications such as retinal detachment, warranting a search for cheap, pharmacological alternatives to the management of this ocular disease. The lens is richly endowed with a complex system of non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidants which scavenge reactive oxygen species to preserve lens proteins. Depletion and/or failure in this primary antioxidant defense system contributes to the damage observed in lenticular molecules and their repair mechanisms, ultimately causing cataracts. Several attempts have been made to counteract experimentally induced cataract using in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo techniques. The majority of the anti-cataract compounds tested, including plant extracts and naturally-occurring compounds, lies in their antioxidant and/or free radical scavenging and/or anti-inflammatory propensity. In addition to providing an overview of the pathophysiology of cataracts, this review focuses on the role of various categories of natural and synthetic compounds on experimentally-induced cataracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Segewkal H. Heruye
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Creighton University, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
| | - Leonce N. Maffofou Nkenyi
- Department of Pharmacy Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Health Professions, Creighton University, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
| | - Neetu U. Singh
- Department of Pharmacy Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Health Professions, Creighton University, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
| | | | - Kalu K. Ngele
- Department of Biology/Microbiology/Biotechnology, Federal University Ndufu Alike Ikwo, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - Ya-Fatou Njie-Mbye
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX 77004, USA
| | - Sunny E. Ohia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX 77004, USA
| | - Catherine A. Opere
- Department of Pharmacy Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Health Professions, Creighton University, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
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Fousekis FS, Katsanos A, Katsanos KH, Christodoulou DK. Ocular manifestations in celiac disease: an overview. Int Ophthalmol 2020; 40:1049-1054. [PMID: 31916055 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-019-01254-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To review and highlight the ocular manifestations associated with celiac disease (CD) and presentation of their pathogenetic mechanisms. METHODS A thorough review of the literature was performed using PubMed to identify articles about serrated polyposis syndrome. The search was performed using the search string: ("celiac disease" OR "coeliac disease") AND ("ocular manifestations" OR "eye" OR "orbitopathy" OR "uveitis" OR "neuro-ophthalmic manifestations"). Only articles in English were reviewed. RESULTS Several ocular symptoms and disorders have been associated with CD and are a result of defective intestinal absorption and immunological mechanisms. These include nyctalopia, dry eye, cataract, thyroid-associated orbitopathy, uveitis, central retinal vein occlusion and neuro-ophthalmic manifestations. In addition, CD-related ocular disease may represent the first manifestation of CD. CONCLUSION CD may hold accountable for the development of ocular diseases of obscure etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fotios S Fousekis
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Health Sciences, University Hospital of Ioannina, University of Ioannina, 45100, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Andreas Katsanos
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Health Sciences, University Hospital of Ioannina, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Konstantinos H Katsanos
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Health Sciences, University Hospital of Ioannina, University of Ioannina, 45100, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Dimitrios K Christodoulou
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Health Sciences, University Hospital of Ioannina, University of Ioannina, 45100, Ioannina, Greece.
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Ozates S, Doguizi S, Ozbay Hosnut F, Sahin G, Sekeroglu MA, Yilmazbas P. Assessment of Corneal and Lens Density in Children With Celiac Disease. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2019; 56:402-406. [PMID: 31743410 DOI: 10.3928/01913913-20191009-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the early changes of corneal and lens density in a pediatric population with celiac disease. METHODS One hundred one patients were included in this observational and prospective study. Patients with celiac disease formed the celiac disease group. Healthy individuals with no medical history formed the control group. Corneal and lens density were assessed with Pentacam HR (Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany). RESULTS The mean lens and corneal density outcomes in all zones did not differ between groups (P > .05 for each). Maximum lens density outcome was significantly higher in the celiac disease group than in the control group (P = .028). The mean corneal density at the peripheral cornea was significantly higher in females than males in the celiac disease group (P < .05 for each). Compliance with a gluten-free diet, body mass index, and histological classification of celiac disease had no significant effect on lens and corneal density in patients with celiac disease (P > .05 for each). CONCLUSIONS Celiac disease did not affect the mean lens and corneal density in this pediatric population, but higher maximum lens density in patients with celiac disease and higher peripheral corneal density in female patients with celiac disease may indicate early stages of ocular involvement of celiac disease. [J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2019;56(6):402-406.].
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Association of Serum 25-Hydroxyl Vitamin D Deficiency and Age-Related Cataract: A Case-Control Study. J Ophthalmol 2019; 2019:9312929. [PMID: 31143475 PMCID: PMC6501145 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9312929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To study the relation between the serum 25-hydroxyl vitamin D (OH D) level and the occurrence of age-related cataract in a case-control study. Patients and Methods 325 cataract patients and 385 control individuals of both sexes were examined for the 25-OH D level using the chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CMIA) technology. Results Mean 25-OH D level in cataract patients was 7.6 ± 5.5 ± 11.2 ng/mL and median was 5.6 (2.6-31.9), while in the control group, mean 25-OH D level was 18.5 ± 9.6 ng/mL and median was 17.8 (3.4-37.8) (p value < 0.001). There was a statistically significant difference among the different types of cataracts with the lowest level in nuclear cataract. Conclusion 25-OH D levels in all enrolled individuals were below the reference levels with a severe deficiency in cataract patients. These results might highlight the role of deficiency of 25-OH D in age-related cataract patients.
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Cataractogenic load – A concept to study the contribution of ionizing radiation to accelerated aging in the eye lens. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2019; 779:68-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Das GK, Boriwal K, Chhabra P, Sahu PK, Kumar S, Kumar N. Presenile cataract and its risk factors: A case control study. J Family Med Prim Care 2019; 8:2120-2123. [PMID: 31334190 PMCID: PMC6618174 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_267_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Early onset opacification of the lens (cataract) has been observed to be on the rise globally. This study was conducted to determine the various types of presenile cataract and to determine the probable risk factors associated with the occurrence of presenile cataract. Materials and Methods: Patients in the age group of 18–40 years attending the Out-Patient Clinic of the Ophthalmology Department who were found to have presenile cataract were recruited as cases. An equal number of consecutive patients of the same age group were included in the control group. Those who gave consent to participate in the study were interviewed through a preformed questionnaire and underwent a complete ocular examination and set of blood investigations. The type of cataract was noted, data obtained were compiled, and examination and investigations done were documented and analyzed using frequency distribution and Chi-squared test. Results: In total, 90 cases and 90 controls that fulfilled the inclusion criteria were recruited. Most common type of cataract was found to be posterior subcapsular cataract. Presenile cataract was observed to be significantly associated with tobacco intake (P = 0.035), hypercholesterolemia (P = 0.002), fuel exposure (P = 0.004), and lower socioeconomic status (P = <0.001). Conclusions: Tobacco chewing, hypercholesterolemia, and excessive fuel exposure are risk factors for early development of cataract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopal K Das
- UCMS and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Dilshad Garden, New Delhi, India
| | - Krutika Boriwal
- UCMS and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Dilshad Garden, New Delhi, India
| | - Pragti Chhabra
- UCMS and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Dilshad Garden, New Delhi, India
| | - Pramod K Sahu
- UCMS and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Dilshad Garden, New Delhi, India
| | - Sabitabh Kumar
- UCMS and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Dilshad Garden, New Delhi, India
| | - Nitish Kumar
- UCMS and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Dilshad Garden, New Delhi, India
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Song WS, Yoon WT, Kim YK, Park SP. Analysis of 25-Hydroxy Vitamin D in the Aqueous Humor of Age-related Macular Degeneration Patients. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN OPHTHALMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 2018. [DOI: 10.3341/jkos.2018.59.11.1024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Won Seok Song
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hallym University Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Yong-Kyu Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hallym University Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Pyo Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hallym University Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Abstract
PURPOSE Cataract and insufficient vitamin D intake are both increasing worldwide concerns, yet little is known about the relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels and age-related cataract. We performed this study to determine the association between serum 25(OH)D levels and age-related cataract in adults. METHODS Study participants comprised 16,086 adults aged 40 years or older who had never been diagnosed with or undergone surgery for cataract using Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data from 2008 to 2012. Participants were assessed to have cataract when diagnosed with cortical, nuclear, anterior subcapsular, posterior subcapsular, or mixed cataract. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to evaluate the magnitude and significance of the association between serum 25(OH)D levels and cataract in multivariable logistic regression models. RESULTS The OR for nuclear cataract with the highest quintile of serum 25(OH)D levels was 0.86 (95% CI 0.75-0.99) compared to the lowest quintile. A linear trend across quintiles was significant. Natural log-transformed serum 25(OH)D levels were also significantly associated with nuclear cataract (OR 0.84, 95% CI 0.75-0.95). The opulation-attributable fraction of nuclear cataract due to serum 25(OH)D insufficiency (<30 ng/mL) was 8.8% (p = 0.048). CONCLUSIONS Serum 25(OH)D levels were inversely associated with the risk of nuclear cataract. Prospective studies investigating the effects of serum 25(OH)D levels on the development of nuclear cataract are needed to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangshin Park
- a Center for International Health Research, Rhode Island Hospital , The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University , Providence , RI , USA.,b Department of Pediatrics , The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University , Providence , RI , USA
| | - Nam-Kyong Choi
- c Institute of Environmental Medicine , Seoul National University Medical Research Center , Seoul , Republic of Korea.,d Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics , Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA.,e Department of Health Convergence , Ewha Womans University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
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Liu YT, Hung TY, Lee YK, Huang MY, Hsu CY, Su YC. Association between Chronic Kidney Disease and Risk of Cataract: A Nationwide Retrospective Cohort Study. Am J Nephrol 2017; 45:524-531. [PMID: 28528337 DOI: 10.1159/000475555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have established a relationship between chronic kidney disease (CKD) and cataract, but the relationship between the severity of renal impairment and risk of cataract is uncertain. This study investigates the relationship between the severity of renal disease and cataract in a nationwide sample from Taiwan. METHODS The cohort from 1-million National Health Insurance beneficiaries from Taiwan was retrospectively analyzed. All adult beneficiaries were followed from January 1, 2005 until December 31, 2013, to identify patients who underwent cataract surgeries. On the basis of the ambulatory care records, those diagnosed with CKD (ICD-9-CM code: 585) during the follow-up period were enrolled as CKD patients after careful evaluation. Each patient with CKD was age- and gender-matched with 4 individuals who did not have CKD. Cox regression models were applied to compare the hazard of cataract surgery in individuals with and without CKD. Subgroup analysis was used to compare patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) with age- and gender-matched non-CKD individuals. ESRD was defined by CKD patients who need regular renal replacement therapy. The same method was applied to evaluate hazard ratios (HRs). RESULTS After age and gender matching, there were 11,881 patients in the CKD group and 47,524 in the non-CKD group. After control for possible confounding, the adjusted HR (aHR) of cataract was 1.84 (95% CI 1.73-1.95) for the CKD group. Subgroup analysis of patients with ESRD (n = 3,209) and non-CKD individuals (n = 12,836), with matching done on the basis of age and gender, indicated an aHR of cataract was 2.33 (95% CI 2.10-2.59) for the ESRD group. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates a relationship between CKD and cataract, and suggests that the risk for cataract increases with the severity of renal impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Tzu Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hsinchu Branch of Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
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