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Lu Q, Xie Y, Luo J, Gong Q, Li C. Natural flavones from edible and medicinal plants exhibit enormous potential to treat ulcerative colitis. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1168990. [PMID: 37324477 PMCID: PMC10268007 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1168990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic aspecific gut inflammatory disorder that primarily involves the recta and colons. It mostly presents as a long course of repeated attacks. This disease, characterized by intermittent diarrhoea, fecal blood, stomachache, and tenesmus, severely decreases the living quality of sick persons. UC is difficult to heal, has a high recurrence rate, and is tightly related to the incidence of colon cancer. Although there are a number of drugs available for the suppression of colitis, the conventional therapy possesses certain limitations and severe adverse reactions. Thus, it is extremely required for safe and effective medicines for colitis, and naturally derived flavones exhibited huge prospects. This study focused on the advancement of naturally derived flavones from edible and pharmaceutical plants for treating colitis. The underlying mechanisms of natural-derived flavones in treating UC were closely linked to the regulation of enteric barrier function, immune-inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, gut microflora, and SCFAs production. The prominent effects and safety of natural-derived flavones make them promising candidate drugs for colitis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Lu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhuhai Campus, Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Yuhong Xie
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhuhai Campus, Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Jingbin Luo
- China Traditional Chinese Medicine Holdings Company Limited, Foshan, China
| | - Qihai Gong
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Cailan Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhuhai Campus, Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
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Targets and Potential Mechanism of Scutellaria baicalensis in Treatment of Primary Hepatocellular Carcinoma Based on Bioinformatics Analysis. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:8762717. [PMID: 35190740 PMCID: PMC8858046 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8762717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
Objective To analyze the target and potential mechanism of Scutellaria baicalensis (SB) in the treatment of HCC based on bioinformatics, so as to provide suggestions for the diagnosis, treatment, and drug development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods The regulated gene targets of SB were screened by gene expression pattern clustering and differential analysis of gene expression data of HepG2 cells treated with SB at 0 h, 1 h, 3 h, 6 h, 12 h, and 24 h. The module genes related to HCC were identified by the weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA). KEGG and GO enrichment were used to analyze the molecular function and structure of the module, and GSEA was used to evaluate the different functional pathways between normal people and patients with HCC. Then, the module gene was used for univariate Cox proportional hazard analysis and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression analysis to build a prognostic model. The protein-protein interaction network (PPI) was used to analyze the core genes regulated by SB (CGRSB) of the module, and the survival curve revealed the CGRSB impact on patient survival. The CIBERSORT algorithm combined with correlation analysis to explore the relationship between CGRSB and immune infiltration. Finally, the single-cell sequencing technique was used to analyze the distribution of CGRSB at the cellular level. Results SB could regulate 903 genes, of which 234 were related to the occurrence of HCC. The prognosis model constructed by these genes has a good effect in evaluating the survival of patients. KEGG and GO enrichment analysis showed that the regulation of SB on HCC mainly focused on some cell proliferation, apoptosis, and immune-related functions. GSEA enrichment analysis showed that these functions are related to the occurrence of HCC. A total of 24 CGRSB were obtained after screening, of which 13 were significantly related to survival, and most of them were unfavorable factors for patient survival. The correlation analysis of gene expression showed that most of CGRSB was significantly correlated with T cells, macrophages, and other functions. The results of single-cell analysis showed that the distribution of CGRSB in macrophages was the most. Conclusion SB has high credibility in the treatment of HCC, such as CDK2, AURKB, RRM2, CENPE, ESR1, and PRIM2. These targets can be used as potential biomarkers for clinical diagnosis. The research also shows that the p53 signal pathway, MAPK signal pathway, apoptosis pathway, T cell receptor pathway, and macrophage-mediated tumor immunity play the most important role in the mechanism of SB in treating HCC.
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Natural Products of Pharmacology and Mechanisms in Nucleus Pulposus Cells and Intervertebral Disc Degeneration. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:9963677. [PMID: 34394398 PMCID: PMC8357477 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9963677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is one of the main causes of low back pain (LBP), which severely reduces the quality of life and imposes a heavy financial burden on the families of affected individuals. Current research suggests that IDD is a complex cell-mediated process. Inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, abnormal mechanical load, telomere shortening, DNA damage, and nutrient deprivation contribute to intervertebral disc cell senescence and changes in matrix metabolism, ultimately causing IDD. Natural products are widespread, structurally diverse, afford unique advantages, and exhibit great potential in terms of IDD treatment. In recent years, increasing numbers of natural ingredients have been shown to inhibit the degeneration of nucleus pulposus cells through various modes of action. Here, we review the pharmacological effects of natural products on nucleus pulposus cells and the mechanisms involved. An improved understanding of how natural products target signalling pathways will aid the development of anti-IDD drugs. This review focuses on potential IDD drugs.
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Sharifi-Rad J, Herrera-Bravo J, Salazar LA, Shaheen S, Abdulmajid Ayatollahi S, Kobarfard F, Imran M, Imran A, Custódio L, Dolores López M, Schoebitz M, Martorell M, Kumar M, Ansar Rasul Suleria H, Cho WC. The Therapeutic Potential of Wogonin Observed in Preclinical Studies. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2021; 2021:9935451. [PMID: 34221094 PMCID: PMC8221866 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9935451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Wogonin is a flavonoid found in different plants such as roots of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi distributed mainly in Asia and Europe. Dried root extracts of S. baicalensis with high content of wogonin, popularly known as "Huang-Qin" or Chinese or baical skullcap, have been used for long time in traditional Chinese medicine. Several health benefits are attributed to wogonin and derivatives showing anti-inflammatory, antiviral, anticancer, and antioxidant effects and more recently antineurodegenerative properties. Preclinical pharmacological activities of wogonin against diverse types of cancer such as breast, colorectal, and human gastric cancer will be presented in this review. In addition, studies on oxidative stress and bioavailability of wogonin will be discussed together with antineurodegenerative potential with special focus on Alzheimer's disease. Outcomes extracted from the last preclinical studies related to therapeutic applications of wogonin will be commented and updated in this review. The scientific evidence collected in this review aims to encourage transfer of the preclinical evidence of wogonin to new clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Azuay, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | - Jesús Herrera-Bravo
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomas, Santiago, Chile
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Luis A. Salazar
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | | | - Seyed Abdulmajid Ayatollahi
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Farzad Kobarfard
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Muhammad Imran
- University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ali Imran
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition & Home Economics, Institute of Home and Food Sciences Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Luísa Custódio
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Building 7, Campus of Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
| | - María Dolores López
- Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agronomy, Universidad de Concepción, Avenida Vicente Mendez, 595, Chillán 3812120, Chile
| | - Mauricio Schoebitz
- Departamento de Suelos y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Miquel Martorell
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Centre for Healthy Living, University of Concepción, Concepción 4070386, Chile
- Unidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico, Universidad de Concepción UDT, Concepción 4070386, Chile
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Chemical and Biochemical Processing Division, ICAR–Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai 400019, India
| | | | - William C. Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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Colorectal Adenocarcinoma Cell Culture in a Microfluidically Controlled Environment with a Static Molecular Gradient of Polyphenol. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113215. [PMID: 34072020 PMCID: PMC8198126 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To study the simultaneous effect of the molecular gradient of polyphenols (curcumin, trans-resveratrol, and wogonin) and biological factors released from tumor cells on apoptosis of adjacent cells, a novel microfluidic system was designed and manufactured. The small height/volume of microfluidic culture chambers and static conditions allowed for establishing the local microenvironment and maintaining undisturbed concentration profiles of naturally secreted from cells biochemical factors. In all trials, we observe that these conditions significantly affect cell viability by stimulating cell apoptosis at lower concentrations of polyphenols than in traditional multiwell cultures. The observed difference varied between 20.4-87.8% for curcumin, 11.0-37.5% for resveratrol, and 21.7-62.2% for wogonin. At low concentrations of polyphenols, the proapoptotic substances released from adjacent cells, like protein degradation products, significantly influence cell viability. The mean increase in cell mortality was 38.3% for microfluidic cultures. Our research has also confirmed that the gradient microsystem is useful in routine laboratory tests in the same way as a multiwell plate and may be treated as its replacement in the future. We elaborated the new repetitive procedures for cell culture and tests in static gradient conditions, which may become a gold standard of new drug investigations in the future.
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Koulgi S, Jani V, Uppuladinne V. N. M, Sonavane U, Joshi R. Natural plant products as potential inhibitors of RNA dependent RNA polymerase of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251801. [PMID: 33984041 PMCID: PMC8118514 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug repurposing studies targeting inhibition of RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have exhibited the potential effect of small molecules. In the present work a detailed interaction study between the phytochemicals from Indian medicinal plants and the RdRP of SARS-CoV-2 has been performed. The top four phytochemicals obtained through molecular docking were, swertiapuniside, cordifolide A, sitoindoside IX, and amarogentin belonging to Swertia chirayita, Tinospora cordifolia and Withania somnifera. These ligands bound to the RdRP were further studied using molecular dynamics simulations. The principal component analysis of these systems showed significant conformational changes in the finger and thumb subdomain of the RdRP. Hydrogen bonding, salt-bridge and water mediated interactions supported by MM-GBSA free energy of binding revealed strong binding of cordifolide A and sitoindoside IX to RdRP. The ligand-interacting residues belonged to either of the seven conserved motifs of the RdRP. These residues were polar and charged amino acids, namely, ARG 553, ARG 555, ASP 618, ASP 760, ASP 761, GLU 811, and SER 814. The glycosidic moieties of the phytochemicals were observed to form favourable interactions with these residues. Hence, these phytochemicals may hold the potential to act as RdRP inhibitors owing to their stability in binding to the druggable site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Koulgi
- High Performance Computing—Medical and Bioinformatics Applications Group, Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC), Pune, India
| | - Vinod Jani
- High Performance Computing—Medical and Bioinformatics Applications Group, Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC), Pune, India
| | | | - Uddhavesh Sonavane
- High Performance Computing—Medical and Bioinformatics Applications Group, Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC), Pune, India
| | - Rajendra Joshi
- High Performance Computing—Medical and Bioinformatics Applications Group, Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC), Pune, India
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Tyagi IS, Chen S, Khan MA, Xie J, Li PY, Long X, Xue H. Intrinsic and chemically-induced daughter number variations in cancer cell lines. Cell Cycle 2021; 20:537-549. [PMID: 33596747 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2021.1883363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Multipolar mitosis was observed in cancer cells under mechanical stress or drug treatment. However, a comprehensive understanding of its basic properties and significance to cancer cell biology is lacking. In the present study, live-cell imaging was employed to investigate the division and nucleation patterns in four different cell lines. Multi-daughter divisions were observed in the three cancer cell lines HepG2, HeLa and A549, but not in the transformed non-cancer cell line RPE1. Multi-daughter mother cells displayed multi-nucleation, enlarged cell area, and prolonged division time. Under acidic pH or treatment with the anti-cancer drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) or the phytochemical compound wogonin, multi-daughter mitoses were increased to different extents in all three cancer cell lines, reaching as high as 16% of all mitoses. While less than 0.4% of the bi-daughter mitosis were followed by cell fusion events under the various treatment conditions, 50% or more of the multi-daughter mitoses were followed by fusion events at neutral, acidic or alkaline pH. These findings revealed a "Daughter Number Variation" (DNV) process in the cancer cells, with multi-daughter divisions in Stage 1 and cell fusions leading to the formation of cells containing up to five nuclei in Stage 2. The Stage 2-fusions were inhibited by 5-FU in A549 and HeLa, and by wogonin in A549, HeLa and HepG2. The parallel relationship between DNV frequency and malignancy among the different cell lines suggests that the inclusion of anti-fusion agents exemplified by wogonin and 5-FU could be beneficial in combinatory cancer chemotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iram Shazia Tyagi
- Division of Life Science and Applied Genomics Center, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Si Chen
- Division of Life Science and Applied Genomics Center, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Ajmal Khan
- Division of Life Science and Applied Genomics Center, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Xie
- Division of Life Science and Applied Genomics Center, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Yin Li
- Division of Life Science and Applied Genomics Center, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Long
- Division of Life Science and Applied Genomics Center, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Xue
- Division of Life Science and Applied Genomics Center, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.,Center for Cancer Genomics, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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Pérez-Lozano ML, Cesaro A, Mazor M, Esteve E, Berteina-Raboin S, Best TM, Lespessailles E, Toumi H. Emerging Natural-Product-Based Treatments for the Management of Osteoarthritis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:265. [PMID: 33572126 PMCID: PMC7914872 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a complex degenerative disease in which joint homeostasis is disrupted, leading to synovial inflammation, cartilage degradation, subchondral bone remodeling, and resulting in pain and joint disability. Yet, the development of new treatment strategies to restore the equilibrium of the osteoarthritic joint remains a challenge. Numerous studies have revealed that dietary components and/or natural products have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-bone-resorption, and anabolic potential and have received much attention toward the development of new therapeutic strategies for OA treatment. In the present review, we provide an overview of current and emerging natural-product-based research treatments for OA management by drawing attention to experimental, pre-clinical, and clinical models. Herein, we review current and emerging natural-product-based research treatments for OA management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Luisa Pérez-Lozano
- Laboratory I3MTO, EA 4708, Université d’Orléans, CEDEX 2, 45067 Orléans, France; (M.-L.P.-L.); (A.C.); (E.L.)
- Plateforme Recherche Innovation Médicale Mutualisée d’Orléans, Centre Hospitalier Régional d’Orléans, 14 Avenue de l’Hôpital, 45100 Orléans, France
| | - Annabelle Cesaro
- Laboratory I3MTO, EA 4708, Université d’Orléans, CEDEX 2, 45067 Orléans, France; (M.-L.P.-L.); (A.C.); (E.L.)
- Plateforme Recherche Innovation Médicale Mutualisée d’Orléans, Centre Hospitalier Régional d’Orléans, 14 Avenue de l’Hôpital, 45100 Orléans, France
| | - Marija Mazor
- Center for Proteomics, Department for Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, B. Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia;
| | - Eric Esteve
- Service de Dermatologie, Centre Hospitalier Régional d′Orléans, 14 Avenue de l’Hôpital, 45100 Orléans, France;
| | - Sabine Berteina-Raboin
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique ICOA, Université d’Orléans-Pôle de Chimie, UMR CNRS 7311, Rue de Chartres-BP 6759, CEDEX 2, 45067 Orléans, France;
| | - Thomas M. Best
- Department of Orthopedics, Division of Sports Medicine, Health Sports Medicine Institute, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA;
| | - Eric Lespessailles
- Laboratory I3MTO, EA 4708, Université d’Orléans, CEDEX 2, 45067 Orléans, France; (M.-L.P.-L.); (A.C.); (E.L.)
- Plateforme Recherche Innovation Médicale Mutualisée d’Orléans, Centre Hospitalier Régional d’Orléans, 14 Avenue de l’Hôpital, 45100 Orléans, France
- Centre Hospitalier Régional d’Orléans, Institut Département de Rhumatologie, 45067 Orléans, France
| | - Hechmi Toumi
- Laboratory I3MTO, EA 4708, Université d’Orléans, CEDEX 2, 45067 Orléans, France; (M.-L.P.-L.); (A.C.); (E.L.)
- Plateforme Recherche Innovation Médicale Mutualisée d’Orléans, Centre Hospitalier Régional d’Orléans, 14 Avenue de l’Hôpital, 45100 Orléans, France
- Centre Hospitalier Régional d’Orléans, Institut Département de Rhumatologie, 45067 Orléans, France
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The Synthetic Flavonoid Derivative GL-V9 Induces Apoptosis and Autophagy in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma via Suppressing AKT-Regulated HK2 and mTOR Signals. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25215033. [PMID: 33143000 PMCID: PMC7663336 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25215033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous-cell carcinoma (cSCC) is one of most common type of non-black skin cancer. The malignancy degree and the death risk of cSCC patients are significantly higher than basal cell carcinoma patients. GL-V9 is a synthesized flavonoid derived from natural active ingredient wogonin and shows potent growth inhibitory effects in liver and breast cancer cells. In this study, we investigated the anti-cSCC effect and the underlying mechanism of GL-V9. The results showed that GL-V9 induced both apoptosis and autophagy in human cSCC cell line A431 cells, and prevented the growth progression of chemical induced primary skin cancer in mice. Metabolomics assay showed that GL-V9 potentially affected mitochondrial function, inhibiting glucose metabolism and Warburg effect. Further mechanism studies demonstrated that AKT played important roles in the anti-cSCC effect of GL-V9. On one hand, GL-V9 suppressed AKT-modulated mitochondrial localization of HK2 and promoted the protein degradation of HK2, resulting in cell apoptosis and glycolytic inhibition. On the other hand, GL-V9 induced autophagy via inhibiting Akt/mTOR pathway. Interestingly, though the autophagy induced by GL-V9 potentially antagonized its effect of apoptosis induction, the anti-cSCC effect of GL-V9 was not diluted. All above, our studies suggest that GL-V9 is a potent candidate for cSCC treatment.
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Establishment of in vitro genetically engineered cultures in Scutellaria orientalis and S. araxensis. Biologia (Bratisl) 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-020-00540-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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11
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Tuan HN, Minh BH, Tran PT, Lee JH, Oanh HV, Ngo QMT, Nguyen YN, Lien PTK, Tran MH. The Effects of 2',4'-Dihydroxy-6'-methoxy-3',5'- dimethylchalcone from Cleistocalyx operculatus Buds on Human Pancreatic Cancer Cell Lines. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24142538. [PMID: 31336786 PMCID: PMC6680674 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24142538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
2',4'-Dihydroxy-6'-methoxy-3',5'-dimethylchalcone (DMC), a principal natural chalcone of Cleistocalyx operculatus buds, suppresses the growth of many types of cancer cells. However, the effects of this compound on pancreatic cancer cells have not been evaluated. In our experiments, we explored the effects of this chalcone on two human pancreatic cancer cell lines. A cell proliferation assay revealed that DMC exhibited concentration-dependent cytotoxicity against PANC-1 and MIA PACA2 cells, with IC50 values of 10.5 ± 0.8 and 12.2 ± 0.9 µM, respectively. Treatment of DMC led to the apoptosis of PANC-1 by caspase-3 activation as revealed by annexin-V/propidium iodide double-staining. Western blotting indicated that DMC induced proteolytic activation of caspase-3 and -9, degradation of caspase-3 substrate proteins (including poly[ADP-ribose] polymerase [PARP]), augmented bak protein level, while attenuating the expression of bcl-2 in PANC-1 cells. Taken together, our results provide experimental evidence to support that DMC may serve as a useful chemotherapeutic agent for control of human pancreatic cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huynh Nhu Tuan
- Hanoi University of Pharmacy, 13 Le Thanh Tong Street, Hoan Kiem District, Hanoi 100100, Vietnam
| | - Bui Hoang Minh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 300C Nguyen Tat Thanh Street, District 4, Hochiminh City 72820, Vietnam
| | - Phuong Thao Tran
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-Do 24414, Korea
| | - Jeong Hyung Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-Do 24414, Korea
| | - Ha Van Oanh
- Hanoi University of Pharmacy, 13 Le Thanh Tong Street, Hoan Kiem District, Hanoi 100100, Vietnam
| | - Quynh Mai Thi Ngo
- College of Pharmacy, Hai Phong University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 72A Nguyen Binh Khiem, Hai Phong 180000, Vietnam
| | - Yen Nhi Nguyen
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Science, Vietnam National University Hochiminh City, 227 Nguyen Van Cu, District 5, Hochiminh City 748000, Vietnam
| | - Pham Thi Kim Lien
- Biomedical Sciences Department, Institute for Research & Executive Education (VNUK), The University of Danang, 158A Le Loi, Hai Chau District, Danang City 551000, Vietnam
| | - Manh Hung Tran
- Biomedical Sciences Department, Institute for Research & Executive Education (VNUK), The University of Danang, 158A Le Loi, Hai Chau District, Danang City 551000, Vietnam.
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12
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Ye Q, Liu K, Shen Q, Li Q, Hao J, Han F, Jiang RW. Reversal of Multidrug Resistance in Cancer by Multi-Functional Flavonoids. Front Oncol 2019; 9:487. [PMID: 31245292 PMCID: PMC6581719 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) resulting from different defensive mechanisms in cancer is one of the major obstacles of clinical treatment. To circumvent MDR many reversal agents have been developed, but most of them fail in clinical trials due to severely adverse effects. Recently, certain natural products have been reported to overcome MDR, including flavonoids which are abundant in plants, foods, and herbs. The structure of flavonoids can be abbreviated as C6-C3-C6 (C for carbon), and further categorized into flavonoids, iso-flavonoids and neo-flavonoids, according to their structural backbones. Flavonoids possess multiple bioactivities, and a growing body of research has indicated that both flavonoids and iso-flavonoids can either kill or re-sensitize conventional chemotherapeutics to resistant cancer cells. Here, we summarize the research and discuss the underlying mechanisms, concluding that these flavonoids do not function as specific regulators of target proteins, but rather as multi-functional agents that negatively regulate the key factors contributing to MDR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kai Liu
- Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, China
| | - Qun Shen
- Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, China
| | | | - Jinghui Hao
- Jiaozuo Second People's Hospital, Jiaozuo, China
| | | | - Ren-Wang Jiang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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13
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Park B, You S, Cho WCS, Choi JY, Lee MS. A systematic review of herbal medicines for the treatment of cancer cachexia in animal models. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2019; 20:9-22. [PMID: 30614226 PMCID: PMC6331334 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1800171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to summarize preclinical studies on herbal medicines used to treat cancer cachexia and its underlying mechanisms. METHODS We searched four representing databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, the Allied and Complementary Medicine Database, and the Web of Science up to December 2016. Randomized animal studies were included if the effects of any herbal medicine were tested on cancer cachexia. The methodological quality was evaluated by the Collaborative Approach to Meta-Analysis and Review of Animal Data from Experimental Studies (CAMARADE) checklist. RESULTS A total of fourteen herbal medicines and their compounds were identified, including Coptidis Rhizoma, berberine, Bing De Ling, curcumin, Qing-Shu-Yi-Qi-Tang, Scutellaria baicalensis, Hochuekkito, Rikkunshito, hesperidin, atractylodin, Sipjeondaebo-tang, Sosiho-tang, Anemarrhena Rhizoma, and Phellodendri Cortex. All the herbal medicines, except curcumin, have been shown to ameliorate the symptoms of cancer cachexia through anti-inflammation, regulation of the neuroendocrine pathway, and modulation of the ubiquitin proteasome system or protein synthesis. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that herbal medicines might be a useful approach for treating cancer cachexia. However, more detailed experimental studies on the molecular mechanisms and active compounds are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bongki Park
- Liver and Immunology Research Center, Oriental College, Daejeon University, Daejeon 34020, Republic of Korea
| | - Sooseong You
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - William C. S. Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jun-Yong Choi
- Department of Korean Internal Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong Soo Lee
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
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14
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Cheerathodi MR, Meckes DG. The Epstein-Barr virus LMP1 interactome: biological implications and therapeutic targets. Future Virol 2018; 13:863-887. [PMID: 34079586 DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2018-0120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The oncogenic potential of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is mostly attributed to latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1), which is essential and sufficient for transformation of fibroblast and primary lymphocytes. LMP1 expression results in the activation of multiple signaling cascades like NF-ΚB and MAP kinases that trigger cell survival and proliferative pathways. LMP1 specific signaling events are mediated through the recruitment of a number of interacting proteins to various signaling domains. Based on these properties, LMP1 is an attractive target to develop effective therapeutics to treat EBV-related malignancies. In this review, we focus on LMP1 interacting proteins, associated signaling events, and potential targets that could be exploited for therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mujeeb R Cheerathodi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, 32306
| | - David G Meckes
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, 32306
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15
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Guo Q, Lu L, Liao Y, Wang X, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Huang S, Sun H, Li Z, Zhao L. Influence of c-Src on hypoxic resistance to paclitaxel in human ovarian cancer cells and reversal of FV-429. Cell Death Dis 2018; 8:e3178. [PMID: 29324735 PMCID: PMC5827169 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
SRC family kinase was documented to have vital roles in adjusting cancer cell malignant behaviors. To date, the role of c-Src, a member of SRC family kinase, in resistance to paclitaxel in human ovarian cancer cells under hypoxia has not been investigated. In the present study, we discovered that hypoxic environment suppressed paclitaxel-induced G2/M phase arrest and blockade of c-Src improved ovarian cancer cells’ sensitivity to paclitaxel. FV-429, a derivative of natural flavonoid wogonin, could suppress gene expression and activation of c-Src, followed by deteriorated Stat3 nuclear translocation and its binding to HIF-1α, resulting in paclitaxel resistance reversal through G2/M arrest potentiation. Our study demonstrated that c-Src contributed to hypoxic microenvironment-rendered paclitaxel resistance in human epithelial ovarian cancer cells by G2/M phase arrest deterioration, and through c-Src suppression, FV-429 was capable of reversing the resistance by blocking c-Src/Stat3/HIF-1α pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yicheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoliang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Haopeng Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
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16
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Kudo M, Kobayashi-Nakamura K, Tsuji-Naito K. Bifunctional effects of O-methylated flavones from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi on melanocytes: Inhibition of melanin production and intracellular melanosome transport. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171513. [PMID: 28182699 PMCID: PMC5300169 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The growing interest in skin lightening has recently renewed attention on the esthetic applications of Chinese herbal medicine. Although Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi is used for antipyretic and antiinflammatory purposes, its whitening effect remains unclear. This study reports three major findings: (1) S. baicalensis has a potent inhibitory effect on melanogenesis; (2) wogonin and its glycoside are the active components of S. baicalensis; and (3) O-methylated flavones from S. baicalensis, such as wogonin, inhibit intracellular melanosome transport. Using a melanin quantification assay, we showed that S. baicalensis potently inhibits melanogenesis in B16F10 cells. Componential analyses revealed that the main components of S. baicalensis are baicalin, wogonoside, baicalein, wogonin, and oroxylin A. Among these five flavones, wogonin and wogonoside consistently inhibited melanogenesis in both B16F10 melanoma cells and primary melanocytes. Wogonin exhibited the strongest inhibition of melanin production and markedly lightened the color of skin equivalents. We identified microphthalmia-associated transcription factor and tyrosinase-related proteins as potential targets of wogonin- and wogonoside-induced melanogenesis suppression. In culture, we found that the melanosomes in wogonin-treated B16F10 cells were localized to the perinuclear region. Immunoblotting analyses revealed that wogonin significantly reduced in melanophilin protein, which is required for actin-based melanosome transport. Other actin-based melanosome transport-related molecules, i.e., Rab27A and myosin Va, were not affected by wogonin. Cotreatment with MG132 blocked the wogonin-induced decrease in melanophilin, suggesting that wogonin promotes the proteolytic degradation of melanophilin via the calpain/proteasomal pathway. We determined that the structural specificities of the mono-O-methyl group in the flavone A-ring and the aglycone form were responsible for reducing melanosome transport. Furthermore, wogonin and two wogonin analogs, mono-O-methyl flavones, strongly suppressed melanosome transport. Our findings suggest the applicability of S. baicalensis in the esthetic field. Thus, we propose a novel pharmacologic approach for the treatment of hyperpigmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiko Kudo
- Fundamental Research Laboratory, Fundamental Research Department, DHC Corporation, Chiba, Japan
| | | | - Kentaro Tsuji-Naito
- Fundamental Research Laboratory, Fundamental Research Department, DHC Corporation, Chiba, Japan
- * E-mail:
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17
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Efficacy of Scutellaria baicalensis for the Treatment of Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease Associated with Encephalitis in Patients Infected with EV71: A Multicenter, Retrospective Analysis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:5697571. [PMID: 27840828 PMCID: PMC5093290 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5697571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 09/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of using the traditional Chinese herbal medicine Scutellaria baicalensis for the treatment of severe HFMD in 725 patients aged >1 year in a multicenter, retrospective analysis. The patients were divided into the S. baicalensis and ribavirin groups, and the temperatures, presence or absence of skin rashes and oral lesions, nervous system (NS) involvement, and viral loads of the patients, as well as the safety of the treatments, were evaluated. The median duration of fever, median time to NS involvement, and the number of patients with oral ulcers and/or vesicles, as well as skin rashes, were decreased in the S. baicalensis group compared with the ribavirin group. In addition, the EV71 viral loads were decreased in the S. baicalensis group, suggesting that S. baicalensis exerted more potent antiviral effects compared with ribavirin. The present study demonstrated that S. baicalensis was suitable for the treatment of severe HFMD in patients aged >1 year, since it was shown to rapidly relieve fever, attenuate oral lesions and rashes, and improve NS involvement. Furthermore, it was demonstrated to be relatively safe for topical application.
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