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Chai X, Zhang Y, Zhang W, Feng K, Jiang Y, Zhu A, Chen X, Di L, Wang R. Tumor Metabolism: A New Field for the Treatment of Glioma. Bioconjug Chem 2024; 35:1116-1141. [PMID: 39013195 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.4c00287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
The clinical treatment of glioma remains relatively immature. Commonly used clinical treatments for gliomas are surgery combined with chemotherapy and radiotherapy, but there is a problem of drug resistance. In addition, immunotherapy and targeted therapies also suffer from the problem of immune evasion. The advent of metabolic therapy holds immense potential for advancing more efficacious and tolerable therapies against this aggressive disease. Metabolic therapy alters the metabolic processes of tumor cells at the molecular level to inhibit tumor growth and spread, and lead to better outcomes for patients with glioma that are insensitive to conventional treatments. Moreover, compared with conventional therapy, it has less impact on normal cells, less toxicity and side effects, and higher safety. The objective of this review is to examine the changes in metabolic characteristics throughout the development of glioma, enumerate the current methodologies employed for studying tumor metabolism, and highlight the metabolic reprogramming pathways of glioma along with their potential molecular mechanisms. Importantly, it seeks to elucidate potential metabolic targets for glioblastoma (GBM) therapy and summarize effective combination treatment strategies based on various studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Chai
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu Provincial TCM Engineering Technology Research Center of High Efficient Drug Delivery System, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yingjie Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu Provincial TCM Engineering Technology Research Center of High Efficient Drug Delivery System, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu Provincial TCM Engineering Technology Research Center of High Efficient Drug Delivery System, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Kuanhan Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu Provincial TCM Engineering Technology Research Center of High Efficient Drug Delivery System, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yingyu Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu Provincial TCM Engineering Technology Research Center of High Efficient Drug Delivery System, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Anran Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu Provincial TCM Engineering Technology Research Center of High Efficient Drug Delivery System, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiaojin Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu Provincial TCM Engineering Technology Research Center of High Efficient Drug Delivery System, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Liuqing Di
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu Provincial TCM Engineering Technology Research Center of High Efficient Drug Delivery System, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ruoning Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu Provincial TCM Engineering Technology Research Center of High Efficient Drug Delivery System, Nanjing 210023, China
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Katinas JM, Nayeen MJ, Schneider M, Shah K, Fifer AN, Klapper LM, Sharma A, Thalluri K, Van Nieuwenhze MS, Hou Z, Gangjee A, Matherly LH, Dann CE. Structural Characterization of 5-Substituted Pyrrolo[3,2- d]pyrimidine Antifolate Inhibitors in Complex with Human Serine Hydroxymethyl Transferase 2. Biochemistry 2024:10.1021/acs.biochem.3c00613. [PMID: 38324671 PMCID: PMC11303599 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.3c00613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
We previously discovered first-in-class multitargeted 5-substituted pyrrolo[3,2-d]pyrimidine antifolates that inhibit serine hydroxymethyltransferase 2 (SHMT2), resulting in potent in vitro and in vivo antitumor efficacies. In this report, we present crystallographic structures for SHMT2 in complex with an expanded series of pyrrolo[3,2-d]pyrimidine compounds with variations in bridge length (3-5 carbons) and the side chain aromatic ring (phenyl, thiophene, fluorine-substituted phenyl, and thiophene). We evaluated structural features of the inhibitor-SHMT2 complexes and correlations to inhibitor potencies (i.e., Kis), highlighting conserved polar contacts and identifying 5-carbon bridge lengths as key determinants of inhibitor potency. Based on the analysis of SHMT2 structural data, we investigated the impact of mutation of Tyr105 in SHMT2 kinetic analysis and studies with HCT116 cells with inducible expression of wild-type and Y105F SHMT2. Increased enzyme inhibition potency by the pyrrolo[3,2-d]pyrimidine inhibitors with Phe105 SHMT2 accompanied an increased growth inhibition of Phe105-expressing HCT116 cells compared to wild-type SHMT2. Pyrrolo[3,2-d]pyrimidine inhibitors with polyglutamate modifications were evaluated for potencies against SHMT2. We determined the crystal structures of SHMT2 in complex with our lead antifolate AGF347 lacking L-glutamate, or as a diglutamate and triglutamate, for comparison with parent AGF347. These data provide the first insights into the influence of antifolate polyglutamylation on SHMT2:inhibitor interactions. Collectively, our results provide new insights into the critical structural determinants of SHMT2 binding by pyrrolo[3,2-d]pyrimidine inhibitors as novel antitumor agents, as well as the first structural characterization of human SHMT2 in complex with polyglutamates of an SHMT2-targeted antifolate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade M Katinas
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Md Junayed Nayeen
- School of Pharmacy & Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15282, United States
| | - Mathew Schneider
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, 4100 John R, Detroit, Michigan 48201, United States
| | - Khushbu Shah
- School of Pharmacy & Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15282, United States
| | - Alexandra N Fifer
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Lily M Klapper
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Abhishekh Sharma
- School of Pharmacy & Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15282, United States
| | - Kishore Thalluri
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | | | - Zhanjun Hou
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, 4100 John R, Detroit, Michigan 48201, United States
| | - Aleem Gangjee
- School of Pharmacy & Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15282, United States
| | - Larry H Matherly
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, 4100 John R, Detroit, Michigan 48201, United States
| | - Charles E Dann
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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Jiang W, Zhang T, Zhang H, Han T, Ji P, Ou Z. Metabolic Patterns of High-Invasive and Low-Invasive Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells Using Quantitative Metabolomics and 13C-Glucose Tracing. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1806. [PMID: 38136676 PMCID: PMC10742159 DOI: 10.3390/biom13121806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Most current metabolomics studies of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) are mainly focused on identifying potential biomarkers for early screening and diagnosis, while few studies have investigated the metabolic profiles promoting metastasis. In this study, we aimed to explore the altered metabolic pathways associated with metastasis of OSCC. Here, we identified four OSCC cell models (CAL27, HN6, HSC-3, SAS) that possess different invasive heterogeneity via the transwell invasion assay and divided them into high-invasive (HN6, SAS) and low-invasive (CAL27, HSC-3) cells. Quantitative analysis and stable isotope tracing using [U-13C6] glucose were performed to detect the altered metabolites in high-invasive OSCC cells, low-invasive OSCC cells and normal human oral keratinocytes (HOK). The metabolic changes in the high-invasive and low-invasive cells included elevated glycolysis, increased fatty acid metabolism and an impaired TCA cycle compared with HOK. Moreover, pathway analysis demonstrated significant differences in fatty acid biosynthesis; arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism; and glycine, serine and threonine metabolism between the high-invasive and low-invasive cells. Furthermore, the high-invasive cells displayed a significant increase in the percentages of 13C-glycine, 13C-palmitate, 13C-stearic acid, 13C-oleic acid, 13C-AA and estimated FADS1/2 activities compared with the low-invasive cells. Overall, this exploratory study suggested that the metabolic differences related to the metastatic phenotypes of OSCC cells were concentrated in glycine metabolism, de novo fatty acid synthesis and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) metabolism, providing a comprehensive understanding of the metabolic alterations and a basis for studying related molecular mechanisms in metastatic OSCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenrong Jiang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China; (W.J.); (T.Z.)
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 401147, China
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China; (W.J.); (T.Z.)
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 401147, China
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Ministry of Education of China International Collaborative Joint Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; (H.Z.); (T.H.)
- State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Tingli Han
- Ministry of Education of China International Collaborative Joint Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; (H.Z.); (T.H.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Ping Ji
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China; (W.J.); (T.Z.)
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 401147, China
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Zhanpeng Ou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China; (W.J.); (T.Z.)
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 401147, China
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China
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4
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Zhang Y, Huang H, Liu P, Xie Y. NFYB increases chemosensitivity in glioblastoma by promoting HDAC5-mediated transcriptional inhibition of SHMT2. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2023; 82:911-920. [PMID: 37742129 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlad073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Temozolomide (TMZ) is a commonly used chemotherapeutic agent for glioblastoma (GBM), but acquired drug resistance prevents its therapeutic efficacy. We investigated potential mechanisms underlying TMZ resistance and glycolysis in GBM cells through regulation by nuclear transcription factor Y subunit β (NFYB) of the oncogene serine hydroxymethyltransferase 2 (SHMT2). GBM U251 cells were transfected with NFYB-, SHMT2-, and the potential NFYB target histone deacetylase 5 (HDAC5)-related vectors. Glucose uptake and lactate production were measured with detection kits. CCK-8/colony formation, scratch, Transwell, and flow cytometry assays were performed to detect cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis, respectively. The binding of NFYB to the HDAC5 promoter and the regulation of NFYB on HDAC5 promoter activity were detected with chromatin immunoprecipitation and dual-luciferase reporter assays, respectively. NFYB and HDAC5 were poorly expressed and SHMT2 was expressed at high levels in GBM U251 cells. NFYB overexpression or SHMT2 knockdown decreased glucose uptake, lactate production, proliferation, migration, and invasion and increased apoptosis and TMZ sensitivity of the cells. NFYB activated HDAC5 to inhibit SHMT2 expression. SHMT2 overexpression nullified the inhibitory effects of NFYB overexpression on glycolysis and TMZ resistance. Thus, NFYB may reduce tumorigenicity and TMZ resistance of GBM through effects on the HDAC5/SHMT2 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingfan Zhang
- Teaching and Research Section of Clinical Nursing, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Haoxuan Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Peikun Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyang Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
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Nayeen MJ, Katinas JM, Magdum T, Shah K, Wong JE, O’Connor CE, Fifer AN, Wallace-Povirk A, Hou Z, Matherly LH, Dann CE, Gangjee A. Structure-Based Design of Transport-Specific Multitargeted One-Carbon Metabolism Inhibitors in Cytosol and Mitochondria. J Med Chem 2023; 66:11294-11323. [PMID: 37582241 PMCID: PMC10461232 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Multitargeted agents provide tumor selectivity with reduced drug resistance and dose-limiting toxicities. We previously described the multitargeted 6-substituted pyrrolo[3,2-d]pyrimidine antifolate 1 with activity against early- and late-stage pancreatic tumors with limited tumor selectivity. Structure-based design with our human serine hydroxymethyl transferase (SHMT) 2 and glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase (GARFTase) structures, and published X-ray crystal structures of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase/inosine monophosphate cyclohydrolase (ATIC), SHMT1, and folate receptor (FR) α and β afforded 11 analogues. Multitargeted inhibition and selective tumor transport were designed by providing promiscuous conformational flexibility in the molecules. Metabolite rescue identified mitochondrial C1 metabolism along with de novo purine biosynthesis as the targeted pathways. We identified analogues with tumor-selective transport via FRs and increased SHMT2, SHMT1, and GARFTase inhibition (28-, 21-, and 11-fold, respectively) compared to 1. These multitargeted agents represent an exciting new structural motif for targeted cancer therapy with substantial advantages of selectivity and potency over clinically used antifolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Junayed Nayeen
- Division
of Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15282, United States
| | - Jade M. Katinas
- Department
of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408, United States
| | - Tejashree Magdum
- Division
of Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15282, United States
| | - Khushbu Shah
- Division
of Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15282, United States
| | - Jennifer E. Wong
- Department
of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408, United States
| | - Carrie E. O’Connor
- Department
of Oncology, Wayne State University School
of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201, United States
| | - Alexandra N. Fifer
- Department
of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408, United States
| | - Adrianne Wallace-Povirk
- Department
of Oncology, Wayne State University School
of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201, United States
| | - Zhanjun Hou
- Department
of Oncology, Wayne State University School
of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201, United States
- Molecular
Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos
Cancer Institute, 4100 John R, Detroit, Michigan 48201, United States
| | - Larry H. Matherly
- Department
of Oncology, Wayne State University School
of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201, United States
- Molecular
Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos
Cancer Institute, 4100 John R, Detroit, Michigan 48201, United States
| | - Charles E. Dann
- Department
of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408, United States
| | - Aleem Gangjee
- Division
of Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15282, United States
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Huo FC, Xie M, Zhu ZM, Zheng JN, Pei DS. SHMT2 promotes the tumorigenesis of renal cell carcinoma by regulating the m6A modification of PPAT. Genomics 2022; 114:110424. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2022.110424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Zhang H, Che Y, Xuan B, Wu X, Li H. Serine hydroxymethyltransferase 2 (SHMT2) potentiates the aggressive process of oral squamous cell carcinoma by binding to interleukin enhancer-binding factor 2 (ILF2). Bioengineered 2022; 13:8785-8797. [PMID: 35333683 PMCID: PMC9161932 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2051886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a frequent threatening head and neck malignancy. Serine hydroxymethyltransferase 2 (SHMT2) was identified to be upregulated in OSCC and its high expression was associated with poor patient prognosis. This paper set out to assess the influence of SHMT2 on OSCC progression and the potential mechanisms related to interleukin enhancer-binding factor 2 (ILF2). First of all, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and western blot examined the expression of SHMT2 and ILF2 in OSCC cells. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and colony formation assays appraised cell proliferation. Terminal-deoxynucleotidyl Transferase Mediated Nick End Labeling (TUNEL) staining was to estimate the apoptotic rate of cells. Further, wound healing and transwell assays verified the migration and invasion of cells. Western blot was adopted to detect the expression of factors related to apoptosis, migration, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). The possible interaction of SHMT2 and ILF2 was predicted by a Molecular INTeraction (MINT) and BioGRID databases and determined using co-immunoprecipitation (IP) assay. Subsequently, ILF2 was overexpressed to investigate whether SHMT2 regulated OSCC progression by binding to ILF2. Results implied that SHMT2 possessed increased expression in OSCC cells, and OSCC cell viability, migration, invasion, EMT were inhibited and apoptosis was potentiated after its silencing. ILF2 bound to SHMT2 and ILF2 expression was downregulated after SHMT2 silencing in OSCC cells. Importantly, ILF2 overexpression abolished the suppressive role of SHMT2 interference in the progression of OSCC. Collectively, SHMT2 could promote the progression of OSCC by binding to ILF2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yilei Che
- Department of Stomatology, Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Xuan
- Department of Stomatology, Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaozhen Wu
- Department of Stomatology, Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Stomatology, Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing, China
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SHMT2 Drives the Progression of Colorectal Cancer by Regulating UHRF1 Expression. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 2022:3758697. [PMID: 35211429 PMCID: PMC8863481 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3758697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Serine hydroxymethyltransferase 2 (SHMT2) has a critical role in serine-glycine metabolism to drive cancer cell proliferation. Yet, the function of SHMT2 in tumorigenesis, especially in human colorectal cancer (CRC) progression, remains largely unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS CRC and paired normal samples were collected in the Department of Colorectal Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, and assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis, western blot (WB), and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Moreover, SHMT2 expression in human CRC cells was identified by qPCR and WB. The CRC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion after SHMT2 knockdown were explored through in vitro and in vivo assays. mRNA-seq assays were used to investigate the underlying mechanisms behind the SHMT2 function. RESULTS It was found that SHMT2 mRNA and protein were overexpressed in CRC tissue compared to the levels in normal mucosa. Positive expression of SHMT2 was significantly correlated with TNM stage and lymph node metastasis, and elevated expression of SHMT2 resulted as an independent prognostic factor in patients with CRC. SHMT2 knockdown impaired the proliferation of CRC in vitro and in vivo and induced cell cycle arrest by regulating UHRF1 expression. CONCLUSION Taken together, our findings reveal that UHRF1 is a novel target gene of SHMT2, which can be used as a potential therapeutic strategy for CRC therapy.
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Zhang Y, Lim D, Yao Y, Dong C, Feng Z. Global research trends in radiotherapy for gliomas: a systematic bibliometric analysis. World Neurosurg 2022; 161:e355-e362. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2022.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Clark RA, Qiao J, Jacobson JC, Chung DH. Induction of serine hydroxymethyltransferase 2 promotes tumorigenesis and metastasis in neuroblastoma. Oncotarget 2022; 13:32-45. [PMID: 35018218 PMCID: PMC8735882 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
High-risk neuroblastoma (NB) remains an extremely difficult subgroup to cure and is associated with MYCN amplification. Serine hydroxymethyltransferase 2 (SHMT2) regulates serine metabolism in a myc-dependent manner; it is upregulated in several cancers and is associated with tumor aggressiveness. Akt-2, an important regulator of MYCN via the PI3K/Akt pathway, induces metastatic potential in NB. The association between SHMT2 and PI3K/Akt in hepatocyte regeneration has been well established but its mechanistic interaction in cancer has yet to be clearly elucidated. Herein, we evaluated the exact role of SHMT2 on the PI3K/Akt pathway, in addition to NB tumorigenesis and metastatic potential in vitro. SHMT2 gene expression and overall survival (OS) were assessed. Two human NB cell lines were examined. SHMT2 silencing and overexpression were performed. The downstream effects were analyzed with immunoblotting, RT-qPCR and functional assays were performed. We found SHMT2 gene expression is associated with decreased OS and MYCN amplification. SHMT2 protein and mRNA expression are increased in MYCN-amplified cells. SHMT2 expression has a direct interaction with Akt-2 and MYCN. Induction of SHMT2 increased cellular proliferation, colony formation and cellular migration and SHMT2 expression was increased in metastatic NB cells. We conclude that SHMT2 regulates N-Myc via phosphorylation of Akt-2 and plays an important role in NB tumorigenesis by contributing to cell growth, migration, colony formation and metastasis in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael A Clark
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75234, USA
| | - Jingbo Qiao
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75234, USA
| | - Jillian C Jacobson
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75234, USA
| | - Dai H Chung
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75234, USA.,Department of Surgery, Children's Health, Dallas, TX 75234, USA
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Zeng Y, Zhang J, Xu M, Chen F, Zi R, Yue J, Zhang Y, Chen N, Chin YE. Roles of Mitochondrial Serine Hydroxymethyltransferase 2 (SHMT2) in Human Carcinogenesis. J Cancer 2021; 12:5888-5894. [PMID: 34476002 PMCID: PMC8408114 DOI: 10.7150/jca.60170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last few years, cellular metabolic reprogramming has been acknowledged as a hallmark of human cancer and evaluated for its crucial role in supporting the proliferation and survival of human cancer cells. In a variety of human tumours, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), breast cancer and non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), a large amount of carbon is reused in serine/glycine biosynthesis, accompanied by higher expression of the key glycine synthetic enzyme mitochondrial serine hydroxymethyltransferase 2 (SHMT2). This enzyme can convert serine into glycine and a tetrahydrofolate-bound one-carbon unit, ultimately supporting thymidine synthesis and purine synthesis and promoting tumour growth. In tumour samples, elevated expression of SHMT2 was found to be associated with poor prognosis. In this review, the pivotal roles of SHMT2 in human carcinogenesis are described, highlighting the underlying regulatory mechanisms through promotion of tumour progression. In conclusion, SHMT2 may serve as a prognostic marker and a target for anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zeng
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mengmeng Xu
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fuxian Chen
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ruidong Zi
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jicheng Yue
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanan Zhang
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Nannan Chen
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Y Eugene Chin
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
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Jin M, Lee WK, You MH, Jang A, Cheng SY, Kim WG, Jeon MJ, Lee YM. SHMT2 expression as a diagnostic and prognostic marker for thyroid cancer. Endocr Connect 2021; 10:630-636. [PMID: 34010151 PMCID: PMC8240706 DOI: 10.1530/ec-21-0135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Catabolism of serine via serine hydroxymethyltransferase2 (SHMT2) through the mitochondrial one-carbon unit pathway is important in tumorigenesis. Therefore, SHMT2 may play a role in thyroid cancer. METHODS Thyroid tissue samples and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database were used to evaluate SHMT2 expression in thyroid tissues and the association with clinical outcomes. RESULTS SHMT2 protein expression was evaluated in thyroid tissues consisting of 52 benign nodules, 129 papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTC) and matched normal samples, and 20 anaplastic thyroid carcinomas (ATC). ATCs presented the highest (95.0%) positivity of SMHT2 protein expression. PTCs showed the second highest (73.6%) positivity of SHMT2 expression, which was significantly higher than that of benign nodules (19.2%, P = 0.016) and normal thyroid tissues (0%, P < 0.001). Analysis of TCGA data showed that SHMT2 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression was significantly higher in tumors than in normal tissues (P < 0.001). When we classified thyroid cancer into high and low groups according to SHMT2 mRNA expression levels, the thyroid differentiation score for the high SHMT2 group was significantly lower than that of the low SHMT2 group (P < 0.001). There was also a significant correlation between SHMT2 mRNA expression and the stemness index (r = 0.41, P < 0.001). The high SHMT2 group had more advanced TNM stages and shorter progression-free survival rates than the low SHMT2 group (P < 0.01 and P = 0.007, respectively). CONCLUSION SHMT2 expression is higher in thyroid cancers than normal or benign tissues and is associated with de-differentiation and poor clinical outcomes. Thus, SHMT2 might be useful as a diagnostic and prognostic marker for thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meihua Jin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woo Kyung Lee
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mi-Hyeon You
- Asan Institute of Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ahreum Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sheue-yann Cheng
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Won Gu Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Ji Jeon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Correspondence should be addressed to M J Jeon or Y-M Lee: or
| | - Yu-Mi Lee
- Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Correspondence should be addressed to M J Jeon or Y-M Lee: or
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13
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Liao Y, Wang F, Zhang Y, Cai H, Song F, Hou J. Silencing SHMT2 inhibits the progression of tongue squamous cell carcinoma through cell cycle regulation. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:220. [PMID: 33863325 PMCID: PMC8052717 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-01880-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Serine hydroxymethyltransferase 2 (SHMT2) is a vital metabolic enzyme in one carbon metabolism catalyzing the conversion of serine to glycine, which has been reported to play a crucial role in the progression of tumors. However, its function in tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) remains unclear. Methods SHMT2 expression was analyzed using samples in online databases, and was assessed through immunohistochemistry staining of collected clinical specimens. The correlation between SHMT2 expression and the cell cycle was predicted through bioinformatic analysis, including weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). After transfection with siRNA, CCK8 assay, Edu staining, flow cytometry, trans-well assay, and wound healing experiments were performed to verify the functional role of SHMT2 in vitro. A stable cell line with SHMT2 silencing was established to detect the oncogenic function of SHMT2 in vivo. Results The expression of SHMT2 was up-regulated in TSCC tissues and cell lines compared with normal groups, and highly expressed SHMT2 significantly indicated a poorer clinical outcome for TSCC patients. Bioinformatic analysis found that high expression of SHMT2 was closely related with biologic process including cell cycle and cell cycle G1/S transition. Down regulating of SHMT2 significantly suppressed the proliferation, invasive and migrative ability of TSCC cells, and induced the prolongation of the G1 phase of the cell cycle in vitro. Furthermore, western blot showed that cell cycle-related regulators such as cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) and cyclinD1 expression levels were decreased, while the expression levels of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p21Cip1 and p27Kip1 were increased after SHMT2 knockdown. Silencing SHMT2 in the HN6 cell line using short hairpin RNA also impeded tumor growth in vivo. Conclusions Overexpression of SHMT2 in TSCC indicated low survival rates, and was associated with aggressive behaviors of TSCC. It was also found to be involved in cell cycle regulation of TSCC cells. SHMT2 may serve as a novel prognostic indicator of TSCC. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12935-021-01880-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, Guangdong, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, Guangdong, China
| | - Yadong Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongshi Cai
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, Guangdong, China
| | - Fan Song
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinsong Hou
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, Guangdong, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, Guangdong, China.
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14
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Identification of SHMT2 as a Potential Prognostic Biomarker and Correlating with Immune Infiltrates in Lung Adenocarcinoma. J Immunol Res 2021; 2021:6647122. [PMID: 33928169 PMCID: PMC8049788 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6647122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
It has attracted growing attention that the role of serine hydroxy methyl transferase 2 (SHMT2) in various types of cancers. However, the prognostic role of SHMT2 in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and its relationship with immune cell infiltration is not clear. In this study, the information of mRNA expression and clinic data in LUAD were, respectively, downloaded from the GEO and TCGA database. We conducted a biological analysis to select the signature gene SHMT2. Online databases including Oncomine, GEPIA, TISIDB, TIMER, and HPA were applied to analyze the characterization of SHMT2 expression, prognosis, and the correlation with immune infiltration in LUAD. The mRNA expression and protein expression of SHMT2 in LUAD tissues were higher than in normal tissue. A Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that patients with lower expression level of SHMT2 had a better overall survival rate. Multivariate analysis and the Cox proportional hazard regression model revealed that SHMT2 expression was an independent prognostic factor in patients with LUAD. Meanwhile, the gene SHMT2 was highly associated with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in LUAD. These results suggest that the SHMT2 gene is a promising candidate as a potential prognostic biomarker and highly associated with different types of immune cell infiltration in LUAD.
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15
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Zhao LN, Björklund M, Caldez MJ, Zheng J, Kaldis P. Therapeutic targeting of the mitochondrial one-carbon pathway: perspectives, pitfalls, and potential. Oncogene 2021; 40:2339-2354. [PMID: 33664451 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01695-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Most of the drugs currently prescribed for cancer treatment are riddled with substantial side effects. In order to develop more effective and specific strategies to treat cancer, it is of importance to understand the biology of drug targets, particularly the newly emerging ones. A comprehensive evaluation of these targets will benefit drug development with increased likelihood for success in clinical trials. The folate-mediated one-carbon (1C) metabolism pathway has drawn renewed attention as it is often hyperactivated in cancer and inhibition of this pathway displays promise in developing anticancer treatment with fewer side effects. Here, we systematically review individual enzymes in the 1C pathway and their compartmentalization to mitochondria and cytosol. Based on these insight, we conclude that (1) except the known 1C targets (DHFR, GART, and TYMS), MTHFD2 emerges as good drug target, especially for treating hematopoietic cancers such as CLL, AML, and T-cell lymphoma; (2) SHMT2 and MTHFD1L are potential drug targets; and (3) MTHFD2L and ALDH1L2 should not be considered as drug targets. We highlight MTHFD2 as an excellent therapeutic target and SHMT2 as a complementary target based on structural/biochemical considerations and up-to-date inhibitor development, which underscores the perspectives of their therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Na Zhao
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Mikael Björklund
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh (ZJU-UoE) Institute, Haining, Zhejiang, PR China.,2nd Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.,Deanery of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Matias J Caldez
- Laboratory of Host Defense, The World Premier International Research Center Initiative (WPI) Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jie Zheng
- School of Information Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Philipp Kaldis
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
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16
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Cuthbertson CR, Arabzada Z, Bankhead A, Kyani A, Neamati N. A Review of Small-Molecule Inhibitors of One-Carbon Enzymes: SHMT2 and MTHFD2 in the Spotlight. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2021; 4:624-646. [PMID: 33860190 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.0c00223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is a key hallmark of cancer and shifts cellular metabolism to meet the demands of biomass production necessary for abnormal cell reproduction. One-carbon metabolism (1CM) contributes to many biosynthetic pathways that fuel growth and is comprised of a complex network of enzymes. Methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil were pioneering drugs in this field and are still widely used today as anticancer agents as well as for other diseases such as arthritis. Besides dihydrofolate reductase and thymidylate synthase, two other enzymes of the folate cycle arm of 1CM have not been targeted clinically: serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT) and methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (MTHFD). An increasing body of literature suggests that the mitochondrial isoforms of these enzymes (SHMT2 and MTHFD2) are clinically relevant in the context of cancer. In this review, we focused on the 1CM pathway as a target for cancer therapy and, in particular, SHMT2 and MTHFD2. The function, regulation, and clinical relevance of SHMT2 and MTHFD2 are all discussed. We expand on previous clinical studies and evaluate the prognostic significance of these critical enzymes by performing a pan-cancer analysis of patient data from the The Cancer Genome Atlas and a transcriptional coexpression network enrichment analysis. We also provide an overview of preclinical and clinical inhibitors targeting the folate pathway, the methionine cycle, and folate-dependent purine biosynthesis enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine R Cuthbertson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and the Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 1600 Huron Parkway, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Zahra Arabzada
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and the Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 1600 Huron Parkway, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Armand Bankhead
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.,Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Armita Kyani
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and the Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 1600 Huron Parkway, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Nouri Neamati
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and the Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 1600 Huron Parkway, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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17
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Yang C, Zhang J, Liao M, Yang Y, Wang Y, Yuan Y, Ouyang L. Folate-mediated one-carbon metabolism: a targeting strategy in cancer therapy. Drug Discov Today 2020; 26:817-825. [PMID: 33316375 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Folate-mediated one-carbon metabolism (FOCM) supports vital events for the growth and survival of proliferating cells. Nucleotide synthesis and DNA methylation are the biochemical bases of cancers that are highly dependent on FOCM. Recent studies revealed that FOCM is connected with redox homeostasis and epigenetics in cancer. Furthermore, folate-metabolizing enzymes, such as serine hydroxymethyltransferase 2 (SHMT2) and methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase 2 (MTHFD2), are associated with the development of cancers, including breast cancer, highlighting their potential application in tumor-targeted therapy. Therefore, targeting metabolizing enzymes, especially SHMT2 and MTHFD2, provides a novel strategy for cancer treatment. In this review, we outline current understanding of the functions of SHMT2 and MTHFD2, discussing their expression, potential functions, and regulatory mechanism in cancers. Furthermore, we discuss examples of inhibitors of SHMT2 and MTHFD2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, China
| | - Jifa Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, China
| | - Minru Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, China
| | - Yushang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, China; Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China
| | - Yuxi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, China; Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Medical School/West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China.
| | - Yong Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, China; Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China.
| | - Liang Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, China; The Research Units of West China, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China.
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18
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Luo L, Zheng Y, Li M, Lin X, Li X, Li X, Cui L, Luo H. TMPRSS2 Correlated With Immune Infiltration Serves as a Prognostic Biomarker in Prostatic Adenocarcinoma: Implication for the COVID-2019. Front Genet 2020; 11:575770. [PMID: 33193689 PMCID: PMC7556306 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.575770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 transmembrane serine protease (TMPRSS2) is a new member of the serine proteases, and studies have shown that TMPRSS2 plays a role in the occurrence of prostate malignancies and is closely related to the occurrence of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, the role of TMPRSS2 in prostatic adenocarcinoma (PRAD) remains largely unclear. To better explore its function in PRAD, we examined the expression level of TMPRSS2 in the GEO, tumor immune assessment resource (TIMER), as well as Oncomine databases and studied the association between TMPRSS2 and overall survival (OS) rates in the UALCAN and gene expression profiling interactive analysis (GEPIA) databases. In addition, we studied the correlation of the level of immune infiltration and markers of immune cell type in the TIMER database, analyzed the prognosis based on the expression level of TMPRSS2 in the related immune cell subsets, and determined the methylation profile of TMPRSS2 promoter by UALCAN database. Subsequently, we conducted a survival analysis and gene ontology (GO) pathway analysis in the TISID database and detected the expression of TMPRSS2 in the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) database. We also studied the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of TMPRSS2 in the GENEMANIA database. Additionally, we used the microarray GSE56677 and GSE52920 to illustrate changes in TMPRSS2 expression in vivo and in vitro after severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (SARS-COV) infection, finding that expression of TMPRSS2 decreased after SARS-COV infection in vitro. The function of TMPRSS2 in the dataset was further verified by gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). In conclusion, the expression of TMPRSS2 is significantly increased in PRAD, elevated TMPRSS2 is associated with immune infiltration, and prognosis is positively correlated. In addition, tumor tissue from COVID-19 patients with PRAD may be more susceptible to infection with SARS-COV-2, which may render the prognosis gets worse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianxiang Luo
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yushi Zheng
- The First Clinical College, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Mingyue Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Xinjie Lin
- The First Clinical College, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xiaodi Li
- The First Clinical College, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xiaoling Li
- Animal Experiment Center, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Liao Cui
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Hui Luo
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
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19
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Jiang Y, Wang A, Bai H, Ye M. [Protective effect of serine methyltransferase against hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2020; 40:506-512. [PMID: 32895129 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2020.04.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the protective effect of serine hydroxymethyl transferase 2 (SHMT2) against hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice. METHODS Sixty C57BL/6 mice were divided equally into sham-operated group, saline adeno-associated virus group (AVV-GFP), and adeno-associated virus silencing group (AAV-SHMT2). The adeno-associated virus and normal saline were injected into the tail vein of the mice 2 weeks before establishment of a 70% ischemia-reperfusion model in the liver. qPCR, Western blotting, immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the changes of AST/ALT concentration, SHMT2, JNK, NF-κB, caspase-3 and downstream inflammatory factors in the mice, and HE staining was used to observe the pathological damage of the liver tissue in each group; the cell apoptosis in the liver was detected using TUNEL assay. RESULTS The expression of SHMT2 increased with time after hepatic ischemia-reperfusion and reached the highest level at 24 h (the relative expression was 1.5, P < 0.05). At 24 h after hepatic ischemia-reperfusion, the levels of AST/ALT in AAV-SHMT2 group (588/416 U/L) were significantly higher than those in the control group (416/345 U/L) and the empty vector group (387/321 U/L) (P < 0.05). Compared with those in the control group and the empty vector group, the level of SHMT2 was significantly decreased in AAV-SHMT2 group (with a relative expression of 0.24, P < 0.05), the levels of p-JNK and p-p65 were significantly increased (relative expression of 0.80 and 0.97, respectively, P < 0.05), and the levels TNF-α and IL-1β were consistently elevated (relative expression levels of 1.6 and 1.2, respectively, P < 0.05). No significant differences were found in these parameters between the empty vector group and the control group (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS SHMT2 may alleviate liver cell apoptosis in mice with hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury by inhibiting the activation of JNK pathway and excessive activation of NF-κB pathway to reduce hepatic damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Ankang Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - He Bai
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical College, Xi'an 710000, China
| | - Mingxin Ye
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
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20
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Dekhne AS, Hou Z, Gangjee A, Matherly LH. Therapeutic Targeting of Mitochondrial One-Carbon Metabolism in Cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2020; 19:2245-2255. [PMID: 32879053 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-20-0423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
One-carbon (1C) metabolism encompasses folate-mediated 1C transfer reactions and related processes, including nucleotide and amino acid biosynthesis, antioxidant regeneration, and epigenetic regulation. 1C pathways are compartmentalized in the cytosol, mitochondria, and nucleus. 1C metabolism in the cytosol has been an important therapeutic target for cancer since the inception of modern chemotherapy, and "antifolates" targeting cytosolic 1C pathways continue to be a mainstay of the chemotherapy armamentarium for cancer. Recent insights into the complexities of 1C metabolism in cancer cells, including the critical role of the mitochondrial 1C pathway as a source of 1C units, glycine, reducing equivalents, and ATP, have spurred the discovery of novel compounds that target these reactions, with particular focus on 5,10-methylene tetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase 2 and serine hydroxymethyltransferase 2. In this review, we discuss key aspects of 1C metabolism, with emphasis on the importance of mitochondrial 1C metabolism to metabolic homeostasis, its relationship with the oncogenic phenotype, and its therapeutic potential for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aamod S Dekhne
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, and the Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Zhanjun Hou
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, and the Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Aleem Gangjee
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Larry H Matherly
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, and the Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan.
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21
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Wu X, Xia J, Zhang J, Zhu Y, Wu Y, Guo J, Chen S, Lei Q, Meng B, Kuang C, Feng X, He Y, Shen Y, Li X, Qiu L, Li G, Zhou W. Phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase promotes proliferation and bortezomib resistance through increasing reduced glutathione synthesis in multiple myeloma. Br J Haematol 2020; 190:52-66. [PMID: 32037523 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.16503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The serine synthesis pathway (SSP) is active in multiple cancers. Previous study has shown that bortezomib (BTZ) resistance is associated with an increase in the SSP in multiple myeloma (MM) cells; however, the underlying mechanisms of SSP-induced BTZ resistance remain unclear. In this study, we found that phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH), the first rate-limiting enzyme in the SSP, was significantly elevated in CD138+ cells derived from patients with relapsed MM. Moreover, high PHGDH conferred inferior survival in MM. We also found that overexpression of PHDGH in MM cells led to increased cell growth, tumour formation, and resistance to BTZ in vitro and in vivo, while inhibition of PHGDH by short hairpin RNA or NCT-503, a specific inhibitor of PHGDH, inhibited cell growth and BTZ resistance in MM cells. Subsequent mechanistic studies demonstrated PHGDH decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) through increasing reduced glutathione (GSH) synthesis, thereby promoting cell growth and BTZ resistance in MM cells. Furthermore, adding GSH to PHGDH silenced MM cells reversed S phase arrest and BTZ-induced cell death. These findings support a mechanism in which PHGDH promotes proliferation and BTZ resistance through increasing GSH synthesis in MM cells. Therefore, targeting PHGDH is a promising strategy for MM therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Wu
- Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health and the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jiliang Xia
- Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health and the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jingyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health and the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yinghong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health and the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yangbowen Wu
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jiaojiao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health and the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shilian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health and the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qian Lei
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health and the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bin Meng
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health and the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chunmei Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health and the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiangling Feng
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yanjuan He
- Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yi Shen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Hematology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lugui Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Guancheng Li
- Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health and the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wen Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health and the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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22
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Kishor PBK, Suravajhala R, Rajasheker G, Marka N, Shridhar KK, Dhulala D, Scinthia KP, Divya K, Doma M, Edupuganti S, Suravajhala P, Polavarapu R. Lysine, Lysine-Rich, Serine, and Serine-Rich Proteins: Link Between Metabolism, Development, and Abiotic Stress Tolerance and the Role of ncRNAs in Their Regulation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:546213. [PMID: 33343588 PMCID: PMC7744598 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.546213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Lysine (Lys) is indispensable nutritionally, and its levels in plants are modulated by both transcriptional and post-transcriptional control during plant ontogeny. Animal glutamate receptor homologs have been detected in plants, which may participate in several plant processes through the Lys catabolic products. Interestingly, a connection between Lys and serotonin metabolism has been established recently in rice. 2-Aminoadipate, a catabolic product of Lys appears to play a critical role between serotonin accumulation and the color of rice endosperm/grain. It has also been shown that expression of some lysine-methylated proteins and genes encoding lysine-methyltransferases (KMTs) are regulated by cadmium even as it is known that Lys biosynthesis and its degradation are modulated by novel mechanisms. Three complex pathways co-exist in plants for serine (Ser) biosynthesis, and the relative preponderance of each pathway in relation to plant development or abiotic stress tolerance are being unfolded slowly. But the phosphorylated pathway of L-Ser biosynthesis (PPSB) appears to play critical roles and is essential in plant metabolism and development. Ser, which participates indirectly in purine and pyrimidine biosynthesis and plays a pivotal role in plant metabolism and signaling. Also, L-Ser has been implicated in plant responses to both biotic and abiotic stresses. A large body of information implicates Lys-rich and serine/arginine-rich (SR) proteins in a very wide array of abiotic stresses. Interestingly, a link exists between Lys-rich K-segment and stress tolerance levels. It is of interest to note that abiotic stresses largely influence the expression patterns of SR proteins and also the alternative splicing (AS) patterns. We have checked if any lncRNAs form a cohort of differentially expressed genes from the publicly available PPSB, sequence read archives of NCBI GenBank. Finally, we discuss the link between Lys and Ser synthesis, catabolism, Lys-proteins, and SR proteins during plant development and their myriad roles in response to abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. B. Kavi Kishor
- Department of Biotechnology, Vignan’s Foundation for Science, Technology and Research (Deemed to be University), Guntur, India
- *Correspondence: P. B. Kavi Kishor,
| | | | | | - Nagaraju Marka
- Biochemistry Division, National Institute of Nutrition-ICMR, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Divya Dhulala
- Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Kummari Divya
- Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India
| | - Madhavi Doma
- Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Prashanth Suravajhala
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Birla Institute of Scientific Research, Jaipur, India
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23
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Dekhne AS, Ning C, Nayeen MJ, Shah K, Kalpage H, Frühauf J, Wallace-Povirk A, O'Connor C, Hou Z, Kim S, Hüttemann M, Gangjee A, Matherly LH. Cellular Pharmacodynamics of a Novel Pyrrolo[3,2- d]pyrimidine Inhibitor Targeting Mitochondrial and Cytosolic One-Carbon Metabolism. Mol Pharmacol 2019; 97:9-22. [PMID: 31707355 DOI: 10.1124/mol.119.117937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Folate-dependent one-carbon (C1) metabolism is compartmentalized in the mitochondria and cytosol and is a source of critical metabolites for proliferating tumors. Mitochondrial C1 metabolism including serine hydroxymethyltransferase 2 (SHMT2) generates glycine for de novo purine nucleotide and glutathione biosynthesis and is an important source of NADPH, ATP, and formate, which affords C1 units as 10-formyl-tetrahydrofolate and 5,10-methylene-tetrahydrofolate for nucleotide biosynthesis in the cytosol. We previously discovered novel first-in-class multitargeted pyrrolo[3,2-d]pyrimidine inhibitors of SHMT2 and de novo purine biosynthesis at glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase and 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase with potent in vitro and in vivo antitumor efficacy toward pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells. In this report, we extend our findings to an expanded panel of pancreatic cancer models. We used our lead analog AGF347 [(4-(4-(2-amino-4-oxo-3,4-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,2-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)butyl)-2-fluorobenzoyl)-l-glutamic acid] to characterize pharmacodynamic determinants of antitumor efficacy for this series and demonstrated plasma membrane transport into the cytosol, uptake from cytosol into mitochondria, and metabolism to AGF347 polyglutamates in both cytosol and mitochondria. Antitumor effects of AGF347 downstream of SHMT2 and purine biosynthesis included suppression of mammalian target of rapamycin signaling, and glutathione depletion with increased levels of reactive oxygen species. Our results provide important insights into the cellular pharmacology of novel pyrrolo[3,2-d]pyrimidine inhibitors as antitumor compounds and establish AGF347 as a unique agent for potential clinical application for pancreatic cancer, as well as other malignancies. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This study establishes the antitumor efficacies of novel inhibitors of serine hydroxymethyltransferase 2 and of cytosolic targets toward a panel of clinically relevant pancreatic cancer cells and demonstrates the important roles of plasma membrane transport, mitochondrial accumulation, and metabolism to polyglutamates of the lead compound AGF347 to drug activity. We also establish that loss of serine catabolism and purine biosynthesis resulting from AGF347 treatment impacts mammalian target of rapamycin signaling, glutathione pools, and reactive oxygen species, contributing to antitumor efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aamod S Dekhne
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine/Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan (A.S.D., J.F., A.W.-P., C.O., Z.H., S.K., L.H.M.); Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (M.J.N., K.S., A.G.); Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics (H.K., M.H.) and Department of Pharmacology (L.H.M.), Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China (C.N.); and Molecular Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan (Z.H., S.K., M.H., L.H.M.)
| | - Changwen Ning
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine/Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan (A.S.D., J.F., A.W.-P., C.O., Z.H., S.K., L.H.M.); Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (M.J.N., K.S., A.G.); Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics (H.K., M.H.) and Department of Pharmacology (L.H.M.), Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China (C.N.); and Molecular Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan (Z.H., S.K., M.H., L.H.M.)
| | - Md Junayed Nayeen
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine/Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan (A.S.D., J.F., A.W.-P., C.O., Z.H., S.K., L.H.M.); Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (M.J.N., K.S., A.G.); Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics (H.K., M.H.) and Department of Pharmacology (L.H.M.), Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China (C.N.); and Molecular Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan (Z.H., S.K., M.H., L.H.M.)
| | - Khushbu Shah
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine/Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan (A.S.D., J.F., A.W.-P., C.O., Z.H., S.K., L.H.M.); Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (M.J.N., K.S., A.G.); Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics (H.K., M.H.) and Department of Pharmacology (L.H.M.), Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China (C.N.); and Molecular Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan (Z.H., S.K., M.H., L.H.M.)
| | - Hasini Kalpage
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine/Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan (A.S.D., J.F., A.W.-P., C.O., Z.H., S.K., L.H.M.); Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (M.J.N., K.S., A.G.); Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics (H.K., M.H.) and Department of Pharmacology (L.H.M.), Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China (C.N.); and Molecular Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan (Z.H., S.K., M.H., L.H.M.)
| | - Josephine Frühauf
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine/Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan (A.S.D., J.F., A.W.-P., C.O., Z.H., S.K., L.H.M.); Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (M.J.N., K.S., A.G.); Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics (H.K., M.H.) and Department of Pharmacology (L.H.M.), Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China (C.N.); and Molecular Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan (Z.H., S.K., M.H., L.H.M.)
| | - Adrianne Wallace-Povirk
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine/Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan (A.S.D., J.F., A.W.-P., C.O., Z.H., S.K., L.H.M.); Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (M.J.N., K.S., A.G.); Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics (H.K., M.H.) and Department of Pharmacology (L.H.M.), Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China (C.N.); and Molecular Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan (Z.H., S.K., M.H., L.H.M.)
| | - Carrie O'Connor
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine/Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan (A.S.D., J.F., A.W.-P., C.O., Z.H., S.K., L.H.M.); Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (M.J.N., K.S., A.G.); Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics (H.K., M.H.) and Department of Pharmacology (L.H.M.), Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China (C.N.); and Molecular Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan (Z.H., S.K., M.H., L.H.M.)
| | - Zhanjun Hou
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine/Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan (A.S.D., J.F., A.W.-P., C.O., Z.H., S.K., L.H.M.); Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (M.J.N., K.S., A.G.); Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics (H.K., M.H.) and Department of Pharmacology (L.H.M.), Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China (C.N.); and Molecular Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan (Z.H., S.K., M.H., L.H.M.)
| | - Seongho Kim
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine/Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan (A.S.D., J.F., A.W.-P., C.O., Z.H., S.K., L.H.M.); Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (M.J.N., K.S., A.G.); Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics (H.K., M.H.) and Department of Pharmacology (L.H.M.), Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China (C.N.); and Molecular Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan (Z.H., S.K., M.H., L.H.M.)
| | - Maik Hüttemann
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine/Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan (A.S.D., J.F., A.W.-P., C.O., Z.H., S.K., L.H.M.); Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (M.J.N., K.S., A.G.); Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics (H.K., M.H.) and Department of Pharmacology (L.H.M.), Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China (C.N.); and Molecular Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan (Z.H., S.K., M.H., L.H.M.)
| | - Aleem Gangjee
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine/Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan (A.S.D., J.F., A.W.-P., C.O., Z.H., S.K., L.H.M.); Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (M.J.N., K.S., A.G.); Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics (H.K., M.H.) and Department of Pharmacology (L.H.M.), Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China (C.N.); and Molecular Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan (Z.H., S.K., M.H., L.H.M.)
| | - Larry H Matherly
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine/Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan (A.S.D., J.F., A.W.-P., C.O., Z.H., S.K., L.H.M.); Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (M.J.N., K.S., A.G.); Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics (H.K., M.H.) and Department of Pharmacology (L.H.M.), Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China (C.N.); and Molecular Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan (Z.H., S.K., M.H., L.H.M.)
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24
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Marrocco I, Altieri F, Rubini E, Paglia G, Chichiarelli S, Giamogante F, Macone A, Perugia G, Magliocca FM, Gurtner A, Maras B, Ragno R, Patsilinakos A, Manganaro R, Eufemi M. Shmt2: A Stat3 Signaling New Player in Prostate Cancer Energy Metabolism. Cells 2019; 8:cells8091048. [PMID: 31500219 PMCID: PMC6770108 DOI: 10.3390/cells8091048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a multifactorial disease characterized by the aberrant activity of different regulatory pathways. STAT3 protein mediates some of these pathways and its activation is implicated in the modulation of several metabolic enzymes. A bioinformatic analysis indicated a STAT3 binding site in the upstream region of SHMT2 gene. We demonstrated that in LNCaP, PCa cells’ SHMT2 expression is upregulated by the JAK2/STAT3 canonical pathway upon IL-6 stimulation. Activation of SHTM2 leads to a decrease in serine levels, pushing PKM2 towards the nuclear compartment where it can activate STAT3 in a non-canonical fashion that in turn promotes a transient shift toward anaerobic metabolism. These results were also confirmed on FFPE prostate tissue sections at different Gleason scores. STAT3/SHMT2/PKM2 loop in LNCaP cells can modulate a metabolic shift in response to inflammation at early stages of cancer progression, whereas a non-canonical STAT3 activation involving the STAT3/HIF-1α/PKM2 loop is responsible for the maintenance of Warburg effect distinctive of more aggressive PCa cells. Chronic inflammation might thus prime the transition of PCa cells towards more advanced stages, and SHMT2 could represent a missing factor to further understand the molecular mechanisms responsible for the transition of prostate cancer towards a more aggressive phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Marrocco
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli" and Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Fabio Altieri
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli" and Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Elisabetta Rubini
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli" and Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Giuliano Paglia
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli" and Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Silvia Chichiarelli
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli" and Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Flavia Giamogante
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli" and Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Alberto Macone
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli" and Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Giacomo Perugia
- Department of Maternal Child and Urologic Sciences, Sapienza University, V.le Dell'Università 33, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Fabio Massimo Magliocca
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University, V.le del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Aymone Gurtner
- Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics, and Technological Innovation, Translational Research Area, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy.
| | - Bruno Maras
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli" and Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Rino Ragno
- Rome Center for Molecular Design, Sapienza University, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
- Alchemical Dynamics s.r.l., 00125 Rome, Italy.
| | - Alexandros Patsilinakos
- Rome Center for Molecular Design, Sapienza University, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
- Alchemical Dynamics s.r.l., 00125 Rome, Italy.
| | | | - Margherita Eufemi
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli" and Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
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25
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Ruszkowski M, Sekula B, Ruszkowska A, Dauter Z. Chloroplastic Serine Hydroxymethyltransferase From Medicago truncatula: A Structural Characterization. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:584. [PMID: 29868052 PMCID: PMC5958214 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT, EC 2.1.2.1) is a pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzyme which catalyzes the reversible serine-to-glycine conversion in either a tetrahydrofolate-dependent or -independent manner. The enzyme is also responsible for the tetrahydrofolate-independent cleavage of other β-hydroxy amino acids. In addition to being an essential player in the serine homeostasis, SHMT action is the main source of activated one-carbon units, which links SHMT activity with the control of cell proliferation. In plants, studies of SHMT enzymes are more complicated than of those of, e.g., bacterial or mammalian origins because plant genomes encode multiple SHMT isozymes that are targeted to different subcellular compartments: cytosol, mitochondria, plastids, and nucleus. Here we report crystal structures of chloroplast-targeted SHMT from Medicago truncatula (MtSHMT3). MtSHMT3 is a tetramer in solution, composed of two tight and obligate dimers. Our complexes with PLP internal aldimine, PLP-serine and PLP-glycine external aldimines, and PLP internal aldimine with a free glycine reveal structural details of the MtSHMT3-catalyzed reaction. Capturing the enzyme in different stages along the course of the slow tetrahydrofolate-independent serine-to-glycine conversion allowed to observe a unique conformation of the PLP-serine γ-hydroxyl group, and a concerted movement of two tyrosine residues in the active site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milosz Ruszkowski
- Synchrotron Radiation Research Section of MCL, National Cancer Institute, Argonne, IL, United States
| | - Bartosz Sekula
- Synchrotron Radiation Research Section of MCL, National Cancer Institute, Argonne, IL, United States
| | - Agnieszka Ruszkowska
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
| | - Zbigniew Dauter
- Synchrotron Radiation Research Section of MCL, National Cancer Institute, Argonne, IL, United States
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