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Guo J, Zheng J, Tong J. Potential Markers to Differentiate Uterine Leiomyosarcomas from Leiomyomas. Int J Med Sci 2024; 21:1227-1240. [PMID: 38818470 PMCID: PMC11134592 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.93464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Uterine leiomyomas (ULM) are the most common benign tumors of the female genitalia, while uterine leiomyosarcomas (ULMS) are rare. The sarcoma is diffuse growth, prone to hematogenous metastasis, and has a poor prognosis. Due to their similar clinical symptoms and morphological features, it is sometimes difficult to distinguish them, and the final diagnosis depends on histological diagnosis. Misdiagnosis of ULM as ULMS will lead to more invasive and extensive surgery when it is not needed, while misdiagnosis of ULMS as ULM may lead to delayed treatment and poor prognosis. This review searched and studied the published articles on ULM and ULMS, and summarized the potential markers for the differential diagnosis of ULMS. These markers will facilitate differential diagnosis and personalized treatment, providing timely diagnosis and potentially better prognosis for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialu Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Westlake University School of Medicine, 310003 Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jianfeng Zheng
- Department of Gynecology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, 350014 Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Jinyi Tong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Westlake University School of Medicine, 310003 Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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2
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Travaglino A, Raffone A, Raimondo D, Gencarelli A, Esposito I, Gallo C, Improda FP, Vitale SG, Mollo A, Casadio P, Seracchioli R, Zullo F, Insabato L. Diagnostic and prognostic value of Bcl-2 in uterine leiomyosarcoma. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2023; 307:379-386. [PMID: 35344084 PMCID: PMC9918573 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-022-06531-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uterine leiomyosarcoma (uLMS) may show loss of expression of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) protein. It has been suggested that Bcl-2 loss may both be a diagnostic marker and an unfavorable prognostic marker in uLMS. OBJECTIVE To define the diagnostic and prognostic value of Bcl-2 loss in uLMS through a systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS Electronic databases were searched from their inception to May 2020 for all studies assessing the diagnostic and prognostic value of Bcl-2 loss of immunohistochemical expression in uLMS. Data were extracted to calculate odds ratio (OR) for the association of Bcl-2 with uLMS vs leiomyoma variants and smooth-muscle tumors of uncertain malignant potential (STUMP), and hazard ratio (HR) for overall survival; a p value < 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS Eight studies with 388 patients were included. Loss of Bcl-2 expression in uLMS was not significantly associated with a diagnosis of uLMS vs leiomyoma variants and STUMP (OR = 2.981; p = 0.48). Bcl-2 loss was significantly associated with shorter overall survival in uLMS (HR = 3.722; p = 0.006). High statistical heterogeneity was observed in both analyses. CONCLUSION Loss of Bcl-2 expression appears as a significant prognostic but not diagnostic marker in uLMS. The high heterogeneity observed highlights the need for further research and larger studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Travaglino
- grid.4691.a0000 0001 0790 385XAnatomic Pathology Unit, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Raffone
- Division of Gynaecology and Human Reproduction Physiopathology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Univeristaria Di Bologna. S. Orsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 13, 40138, Bologna, Italy. .,Gynecology and Obstetrics Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131, NaplesNaples, Italy.
| | - Diego Raimondo
- grid.6292.f0000 0004 1757 1758Division of Gynaecology and Human Reproduction Physiopathology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Univeristaria Di Bologna. S. Orsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 13, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Annarita Gencarelli
- grid.4691.a0000 0001 0790 385XAnatomic Pathology Unit, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Italia Esposito
- grid.4691.a0000 0001 0790 385XGynecology and Obstetrics Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 NaplesNaples, Italy
| | - Cinzia Gallo
- grid.411489.10000 0001 2168 2547Gynecology and Obstetrics Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesco Paolo Improda
- grid.4691.a0000 0001 0790 385XGynecology and Obstetrics Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 NaplesNaples, Italy
| | - Salvatore Giovanni Vitale
- grid.8158.40000 0004 1757 1969Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, Department of General Surgery and Medical Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Antonio Mollo
- grid.11780.3f0000 0004 1937 0335Gynecology and Obstetrics Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Schola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Paolo Casadio
- grid.6292.f0000 0004 1757 1758Division of Gynaecology and Human Reproduction Physiopathology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Univeristaria Di Bologna. S. Orsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 13, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Renato Seracchioli
- grid.6292.f0000 0004 1757 1758Division of Gynaecology and Human Reproduction Physiopathology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Univeristaria Di Bologna. S. Orsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 13, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Fulvio Zullo
- grid.4691.a0000 0001 0790 385XGynecology and Obstetrics Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 NaplesNaples, Italy
| | - Luigi Insabato
- grid.4691.a0000 0001 0790 385XAnatomic Pathology Unit, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Enlund S, Sinha I, Amor AR, Fard SS, Tamm EP, Jiang Q, Lundin V, Nilsson A, Holm F. Malignant DFFB isoform switching promotes leukemia survival in relapse pediatric T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. EJHAEM 2022; 4:115-124. [PMID: 36819185 PMCID: PMC9928657 DOI: 10.1002/jha2.634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
With modern treatment most children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) survive without relapse. However, for children who relapse the prognosis is still poor, especially in children with T-cell phenotype (T-ALL) and remains the major cause of death. The exact mechanism of relapse is currently not known. While contribution of RNA processing alteration has been linked to other hematological malignancies, its contribution in pediatric T-ALL may provide new insights. Almost all human genes express more than one alternative splice isoform. Thus, gene modulation producing a diverse repertoire of the transcriptome and proteome have become a significant molecular marker of cancer and a potential therapeutic vulnerability. To study this, we performed RNA-sequencing analysis on patient-derived samples followed by splice isoform-specific PCR. We uncovered a distinct RNA splice isoform expression pattern characteristic for relapse samples compared to the leukemia samples from the time of diagnosis. We also identified deregulated splicing and apoptosis pathways specific for relapse T-ALL. Moreover, patients with T-ALL displayed pro-survival splice isoform switching favoring pro-survival isoforms compared to normal healthy stem cells. Cumulatively, pro-survival isoform switching and DFFB isoform regulation of SOX2 and MYCN may play a role in T-ALL proliferation and survival, thus serving as a potential therapeutic option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Enlund
- Deparment of Women's and Children's HealthDivision of Pediatric Oncology and SurgeryKarolinska InsitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Indranil Sinha
- Deparment of Women's and Children's HealthDivision of Pediatric Oncology and SurgeryKarolinska InsitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Amanda Ramilo Amor
- Deparment of Women's and Children's HealthDivision of Pediatric Oncology and SurgeryKarolinska InsitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Shahrzad Shirazi Fard
- Deparment of Women's and Children's HealthDivision of Pediatric Oncology and SurgeryKarolinska InsitutetStockholmSweden
| | | | - Qingfei Jiang
- Division of Regenerative MedicineDepartment of MedicineSanford Consortium for Regenerative MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaLa JollaCaliforniaUSA,Moores Cancer CenterLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Vanessa Lundin
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative MedicineDepartment of Medicine HuddingeKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Anna Nilsson
- Deparment of Women's and Children's HealthDivision of Pediatric Oncology and SurgeryKarolinska InsitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Frida Holm
- Deparment of Women's and Children's HealthDivision of Pediatric Oncology and SurgeryKarolinska InsitutetStockholmSweden
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de Almeida BC, dos Anjos LG, Dobroff AS, Baracat EC, Yang Q, Al-Hendy A, Carvalho KC. Epigenetic Features in Uterine Leiomyosarcoma and Endometrial Stromal Sarcomas: An Overview of the Literature. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10102567. [PMID: 36289829 PMCID: PMC9599831 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a consensus that epigenetic alterations play a key role in cancer initiation and its biology. Studies evaluating the modification in the DNA methylation and chromatin remodeling patterns, as well as gene regulation profile by non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have led to the development of novel therapeutic approaches to treat several tumor types. Indeed, despite clinical and translational challenges, combinatorial therapies employing agents targeting epigenetic modifications with conventional approaches have shown encouraging results. However, for rare neoplasia such as uterine leiomyosarcomas (LMS) and endometrial stromal sarcomas (ESS), treatment options are still limited. LMS has high chromosomal instability and molecular derangements, while ESS can present a specific gene fusion signature. Although they are the most frequent types of “pure” uterine sarcomas, these tumors are difficult to diagnose, have high rates of recurrence, and frequently develop resistance to current treatment options. The challenges involving the management of these tumors arise from the fact that the molecular mechanisms governing their progression have not been entirely elucidated. Hence, to fill this gap and highlight the importance of ongoing and future studies, we have cross-referenced the literature on uterine LMS and ESS and compiled the most relevant epigenetic studies, published between 2009 and 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Cristine de Almeida
- Laboratório de Ginecologia Estrutural e Molecular (LIM 58), Disciplina de Ginecologia, Departamento de Obstetricia e Ginecologia, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo 05403-010, Brazil
| | - Laura Gonzalez dos Anjos
- Laboratório de Ginecologia Estrutural e Molecular (LIM 58), Disciplina de Ginecologia, Departamento de Obstetricia e Ginecologia, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo 05403-010, Brazil
| | - Andrey Senos Dobroff
- UNM Comprehensive Cancer Center (UNMCCC), University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, (UNM) School of Medicine, UNM Health Sciences Center, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Edmund Chada Baracat
- Laboratório de Ginecologia Estrutural e Molecular (LIM 58), Disciplina de Ginecologia, Departamento de Obstetricia e Ginecologia, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo 05403-010, Brazil
| | - Qiwei Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Ayman Al-Hendy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Katia Candido Carvalho
- Laboratório de Ginecologia Estrutural e Molecular (LIM 58), Disciplina de Ginecologia, Departamento de Obstetricia e Ginecologia, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo 05403-010, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-011-3061-7486
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Sparić R, Andjić M, Babović I, Nejković L, Mitrović M, Štulić J, Pupovac M, Tinelli A. Molecular Insights in Uterine Leiomyosarcoma: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179728. [PMID: 36077127 PMCID: PMC9456512 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Uterine fibroids (UFs) are the most common benign tumors of female genital diseases, unlike uterine leiomyosarcoma (LMS), a rare and aggressive uterine cancer. This narrative review aims to discuss the biology and diagnosis of LMS and, at the same time, their differential diagnosis, in order to distinguish the biological and molecular origins. The authors performed a Medline and PubMed search for the years 1990–2022 using a combination of keywords on the topics to highlight the many genes and proteins involved in the pathogenesis of LMS. The mutation of these genes, in addition to the altered expression and functions of their enzymes, are potentially biomarkers of uterine LMS. Thus, the use of this molecular and protein information could favor differential diagnosis and personalized therapy based on the molecular characteristics of LMS tissue, leading to timely diagnoses and potential better outcomes for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radmila Sparić
- Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, Koste Todorovića 26, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mladen Andjić
- Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, Koste Todorovića 26, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Correspondence: (M.A.); (A.T.)
| | - Ivana Babović
- Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, Koste Todorovića 26, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Lazar Nejković
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics Narodni Front, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milena Mitrović
- Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, Koste Todorovića 26, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Štulić
- Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics Narodni Front, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miljan Pupovac
- Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, Koste Todorovića 26, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Andrea Tinelli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and CERICSAL (CEntro di Ricerca Clinico SALentino), “Verisdelli Ponti Hospital”, Via Giuseppina Delli Ponti, 73020 Scorrano, LE, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.A.); (A.T.)
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6
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Kulbay M, Johnson B, Ricaud G, Séguin-Grignon MN, Bernier J. Energetic metabolic reprogramming in Jurkat DFF40-deficient cancer cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 477:2213-2233. [PMID: 35460011 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04433-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
DNA fragmentation factor 40 (DFF40), or the caspase-activated DNase (CAD), is an endonuclease specific for double-stranded DNA. Alterations in its function and expression have been linked to apoptosis resistance, a mechanism likely used by cancer cells. However, how the DFF40-related apoptosis resistance pathway occurs remains unclear. Here, we sought to determine if DFF40 expression could be linked to cell metabolism through the regulation of mitochondrial integrity and function. We demonstrated that DFF40-deficient cells are more resistant to staurosporine and tributyltin (TBT)-induced apoptosis, and express higher levels of Mcl-1 at basal state. Treatment with TBT induces higher Bcl-2 and caspase-9 mRNA transcripts in DFF40 KO Jurkat cells, as well as enhanced Bcl-2 phosphorylation. A loss of DFF40 expression induces a higher mitochondrial mass, mtDNA copy number, mitochondrial membrane potential, and glycolysis rates in resting T cells. DFF40-deficient cells exhibit the Warburg effect phenotype, where they rely significantly more on glycolysis than oxidative phosphorylation and have a higher proliferative state, demonstrated by a higher Ki-67 transcription factor expression and AKT phosphorylation. Finally, we demonstrated with cell fractioning that DFF40 can translocate to the mitochondria following apoptosis induction. Our study reveals that DFF40 may act as a regulator of mitochondria during cell death and its loss could compromise mitochondrial integrity and cause an energetic reprogramming in pathologies such as cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Kulbay
- INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, 531 Boul. des Prairies, Laval, QC, H7V 1B7, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, 2900 Blvd. Edouard Montpetit, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Bruno Johnson
- INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, 531 Boul. des Prairies, Laval, QC, H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Guillaume Ricaud
- INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, 531 Boul. des Prairies, Laval, QC, H7V 1B7, Canada
| | | | - Jacques Bernier
- INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, 531 Boul. des Prairies, Laval, QC, H7V 1B7, Canada.
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7
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Kulbay M, Paimboeuf A, Ozdemir D, Bernier J. Review of cancer cell resistance mechanisms to apoptosis and actual targeted therapies. J Cell Biochem 2021; 123:1736-1761. [PMID: 34791699 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The apoptosis pathway is a programmed cell death mechanism that is crucial for cellular and tissue homeostasis and organ development. There are three major caspase-dependent pathways of apoptosis that ultimately lead to DNA fragmentation. Cancerous cells are known to highly regulate the apoptotic pathway and its role in cancer hallmark acquisition has been discussed over the past decades. Numerous mutations in cancer cell types have been reported to be implicated in chemoresistance and treatment outcome. In this review, we summarize the mutations of the caspase-dependant apoptotic pathways that are the source of cancer development and the targeted therapies currently available or in trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Kulbay
- INRS - Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Adeline Paimboeuf
- INRS - Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Derman Ozdemir
- Department of Medicine, One Brooklyn Health-Brookdale Hospital Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Jacques Bernier
- INRS - Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, Quebec, Canada
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DFF40 deficiency in cancerous T cells is implicated in chemotherapy drug sensitivity and resistance through the regulation of the apoptotic pathway. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 194:114801. [PMID: 34678222 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The regulation of the apoptotic pathway is one of the most studied mechanisms regarding cancer cell resistance. Many mutations have been linked to drug resistance. The DNA fragmentation factor 40 (DFF40) has been gaining interest regarding cancer cell response to chemotherapy and patient outcomes. Glioblastomas and uterine leiomyosarcomas have been shown to have a downregulation of DFF40 expression, conferring a poor patient prognosis. In concordance with these observations, in this study, we showed that DFF40 gene is also downregulated in breast, endocervical, ovarian, lung, pancreas and glioblastomas. DFF40 is the endonuclease responsible of DNA fragmentation during apoptosis. In this study, we sought to determine if a DFF40 deficiency in Jurkat T cells could impact the sensitivity to conventional chemotherapy drugs. CRISPR-cas9 generated DFF40 knockout (DFF40 KO) stable Jurkat cells and wild-type (DFF40 WT) cells were treated with different antimetabolites and topoisomerase II (TOP2) inhibitors, and cell viability was subsequently assessed. DFF40 deficient cells show chemoresistance to antimetabolites (e.g. methotrexate, 6-mercaptopurine and cytarabine) and surprisingly, they are more sensitive to TOP2 inhibitors (e.g. etoposide and teniposide). DFF40 deficient cells exposed to cytarabine present lower phosphatidylserine translocation levels to the outer cell membrane layer. Etoposide exposure in DFF40 deficient cells induces higher mortality levels and downregulation of Bcl-xL cells compared to DFF40 expressing T cells. The abolition of DFF40 expression in Jurkat cells significantly impairs histone H2AX phosphorylation following etoposide and cytarabine treatments. Our findings suggest that DFF40 is a novel key target in cancer cell resistance that potentially regulates genomic stability.
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9
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Li L, Wu J, Yang L, Wang H, Xu Y, Shen K. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy: An Innovative Method for the Diagnosis of Ovarian Cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:2389-2399. [PMID: 33737836 PMCID: PMC7965685 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s291906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy due to the late diagnoses at advanced stages, drug resistance and the high recurrence rate. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop new techniques to diagnose and monitor ovarian cancer patients. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy has great potential in the diagnosis of this disease, as well as the real-time monitoring of cancer development and chemoresistance. As a noninvasive, simple and convenient technique, it can not only distinguish the molecular differences between normal and malignant tissues, but also be used to identify the characteristics of different types of ovarian cancer. FTIR spectroscopy is also widely used in monitoring cancer cells in response to antitumor drugs, distinguishing cells in different growth states, and identifying new synthetic drugs. In this paper, the applications of FTIR spectroscopy for ovarian cancer diagnosis and other works carried out so far are described in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinguang Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Limin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Institute of Heavy Ion Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Huizi Wang
- Medical Science Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yizhuang Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Keng Shen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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10
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Kulbay M, Bernier-Parker N, Bernier J. The role of the DFF40/CAD endonuclease in genomic stability. Apoptosis 2021; 26:9-23. [PMID: 33387146 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-020-01649-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Maintenance of genomic stability in cells is primordial for cellular integrity and protection against tumor progression. Many factors such as ultraviolet light, oxidative stress, exposure to chemical reagents, particularly mutagens and radiation, can alter the integrity of the genome. Thus, human cells are equipped with many mechanisms that prevent these irreversible lesions in the genome, as DNA repair pathways, cell cycle checkpoints, and telomeric function. These mechanisms activate cellular apoptosis to maintain DNA stability. Emerging studies have proposed a new protein in the maintenance of genomic stability: the DNA fragmentation factor (DFF). The DFF40 is an endonuclease responsible of the oligonucleosomal fragmentation of the DNA during apoptosis. The lack of DFF in renal carcinoma cells induces apoptosis without oligonucleosomal fragmentation, which poses a threat to genetic information transfer between cancerous and healthy cells. In this review, we expose the link between the DFF and genomic instability as the source of disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Kulbay
- INRS - Centre Armand-Frappier-Santé-Biotechnologie, 531 Boul. des Prairies, Laval, QC, H7V 1B7, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, 2900 Blvd. Edouard Montpetit, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Nathan Bernier-Parker
- Toronto Animal Health Partners Emergency and Specialty Hospital, 1 Scarsdale Road, North York, ON, M3B 2R2, Canada
| | - Jacques Bernier
- INRS - Centre Armand-Frappier-Santé-Biotechnologie, 531 Boul. des Prairies, Laval, QC, H7V 1B7, Canada.
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Barazesh M, Mohammadi S, Jalili S, Kavousipour S, Faraji SN, Mokarram P, Pirhadi S. Design and characterization of a recombinant immunotoxin for targeted therapy of breast cancer cells: In vitro and in silico analyses. Life Sci 2020; 265:118866. [PMID: 33301810 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
AIMS GnRH-DFF40 (gonadotropin releasing hormone-DNA fragmentation factor 40) humanized recombinant immunotoxin serves as a prospective candidate for targeted therapy of malignancies with over-expressed gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor (GnRHR). In this study, we attempted to generate a GnRH-based chimeric protein composed of human DFF40 fused with GnRH which encodes an apoptotic nuclease and specifically targets cancer cells displaying GnRH receptor overexpression. MATERIALS AND METHODS A codon optimized, synthetic GnRH-DFF40 fusion gene and its single counterpart (DFF40) were constructed in pET28a expression vector. Cytotoxicity of these expressed proteins were evaluated on three breast cancer cell lines (MCF7, MDA-MB231, and SKBR3). The stability and biological activity of the recombinant proteins were investigated in the treated cell line and cell-free system. Also, the ability of this fusion and its single form in inducing apoptosis, and inhibiting metastasis and migration were evaluated by flow cytometry, migration assay and wound healing analysis, respectively. In silico analyses were also done to understand the specific interactions between GnRH and its receptor. KEY FINDINGS GnRH-DFF40 fusion protein and DFF40 were successfully expressed. The purified chimeric protein showed dose-dependent cytotoxicity against all three cell lines. The recombinant fusion protein was biologically active with nucleolytic functionality and apoptosis induction ability. Moreover, the fusion could inhibit the invasion property of MDA-MB-231 cells. In silico analysis also showed that four residues from GnRH domain and 11 GnRHR residues had the most interaction sites for specific targeted delivery of the immunotoxin in cancer cells. SIGNIFICANCE Fusion construct could be a prospective candidate for targeted therapy of cancers upregulating GnRH receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Barazesh
- School of Paramedical, Gerash University of Medical Sciences, Gerash, Iran
| | - Shiva Mohammadi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Kermanshah University of Medical Science, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Sajad Jalili
- Department of Orthopaedic, School of Medicine, Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Soudabeh Kavousipour
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Seyed Nooreddin Faraji
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Science and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Pooneh Mokarram
- Autophagy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Somayeh Pirhadi
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Kulbay M, Johnson B, Bernier J. DNA fragmentation factor 40 expression in T cells confers sensibility to tributyltin-induced apoptosis. Toxicology 2019; 426:152255. [PMID: 31401084 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2019.152255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
DNA fragmentation factor 40 (DFF40), an endonuclease, mediates the final and irreversible step of apoptosis by conducting oligonucleosomal DNA fragmentation. New emerging studies have proposed a role of DFF40 in genomic stability, besides its nuclease activity. Overexpression of DFF40 in tumoral cells increases their sensitivity to chemotherapeutic drugs. In this study, we sought to determine if DFF40 expression influences the toxicity of tributyltin (TBT), a well-known immunotoxic and apoptosis-inducing compound. The strategy used was to knockout DFF40 expression by CRISPR-cas9 method in Jurkat T cells and to determine the toxicity of TBT in DFF40 KO cells and DFF40 WT Jurkat cells. DFF40 KO Jurkat cells show an increase of cell viability following a 24-h TBT exposure (p < 0.05). There is a resistance to TBT-induced apoptosis determined by annexin V/PI am labeling (p < 0.05). Interestingly, the basal level of ROS rises in DFF40 KO Jurkat cells, but ROS production levels after TBT exposure remains at the same basal level. Other apoptosis or DNA damage makers (procaspase-3, caspase-6, and PARP cleavage) are significantly delayed and decreased. DFF40 deficient cells do not present histone H2AX phosphorylation, whereas wild-type cells present a phosphorylation following a 6-h exposure to TBT (p < 0.001). The re-expression of DFF40 in DFF40 KO cells restores the cytotoxic effects of TBT. Overall, these data suggest a role of DFF40 in cells sensitivity to TBT and possibly in DNA stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Kulbay
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, 531 boulevard des Prairies, H7V 1B7, Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Bruno Johnson
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, 531 boulevard des Prairies, H7V 1B7, Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Jacques Bernier
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, 531 boulevard des Prairies, H7V 1B7, Laval, Québec, Canada.
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Barazesh M, Mostafavipour Z, Kavousipour S, Mohammadi S, Mokarram P. Two Simple Methods for Optimizing the Production of "Difficult-to-Express" GnRH-DFF40 Chimeric Protein. Adv Pharm Bull 2019; 9:423-431. [PMID: 31592077 PMCID: PMC6773931 DOI: 10.15171/apb.2019.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: GnRH-DFF40 (gonadotropin releasing hormone - DNA fragmentation factor 40) is
a humanized recombinant immunotoxin and serves as a prospective candidate for targeted
therapy of gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor (GnRHR) overexpressing malignancies.
However, its production in Escherichia coli in a soluble and functional form still remains a
challenge. Here we introduce two successful and reproducible conditions for production and
purification of “difficult-to-express” GnRH-DFF40 protein.
Methods: A synthetic codon optimized GnRH-DFF40 fusion gene was cloned in pET28a
plasmid. Two methods including high cell density IPTG induction (HCDI) and autoinduction
method (AIM) with a focus on obtaining high cell density have been investigated to enhance the
protein production in (E. coli). Moreover, to obtain higher protein production several factors in
the AIM method including carbon sources, incubation time and temperature, plasmid stability
and double colony selection, were optimized.
Results: Remarkable amounts of soluble GnRH-DFF40 protein were achieved by both methods.
Cell density and protein yields in AIM was about 1.5 fold higher than that what obtained using
HCDI. Initial screening showed that 25ºC is better to achieve higher protein production in both
methods. pH alterations in AIM were maintained in a more constant level at 25ºC and 37ºC
temperatures without any detrimental effects on cell growth during protein production phase
up to 21 hours after incubation. Plasmid stability during growth and expression induction phase
was maintained at a high level of 98% and 96% for AIM and HCDI methods, respectively. After
parameter optimization and double colony selection in AIM, a very high yield of recombinant
protein was achieved (528.3 mg/L).
Conclusion: With the optimization of these high cell density expression methods, reproducible
manifold enhancement of soluble protein yields can be achieved for “difficult-to-express”
GnRH-DFF40 compared to conventional expression methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Barazesh
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Science and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
| | - Zohreh Mostafavipour
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran.,Recombinant Proteins Lab, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
| | - Soudabeh Kavousipour
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Science and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
| | - Shiva Mohammadi
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Science and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
| | - Pooneh Mokarram
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
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The Usefulness of Immunohistochemistry in the Differential Diagnosis of Lesions Originating from the Myometrium. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20051136. [PMID: 30845657 PMCID: PMC6429074 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Uterine leiomyomas (LMs), currently the most common gynecological complaint around the world, are a serious medical, social and economic problem. Accurate diagnosis is the necessary prerequisite of the diagnostic-therapeutic process. Statistically, mistakes may occur more often in case of disease entities with high prevalence rates. Histopathology, based on increasingly advanced immunohistochemistry methods, is routinely used in the diagnosis of neoplastic diseases. Markers of the highest sensitivity and specificity profiles are used in the process. As far as LMs are concerned, the crux of the matter is to identify patients with seemingly benign lesions which turn out to be suspicious (e.g., atypical LM) or malignant (e.g., leiomyosarcoma (LMS)), which is not uncommon. In this study, we present the current state of knowledge about the use of immunohistochemical markers in the differential diagnosis of LM, atypical LM, smooth muscle tumors of uncertain malignant potential (STUMP), and LMS, as well as their clinical predictive value.
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Banas T, Pitynski K, Okon K, Winiarska A. Non-endometrioid and high-grade endometrioid endometrial cancers show DNA fragmentation factor 40 (DFF40) and B-cell lymphoma 2 protein (BCL2) underexpression, which predicts disease-free and overall survival, but not DNA fragmentation factor 45 (DFF45) underexpression. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:418. [PMID: 29653556 PMCID: PMC5899339 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4333-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The expression of DNA fragmentation factor 45 (DFF45) and B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2) in glands of the normal human endometrium is related to phases of the menstrual cycle and decreases after menopause, whereas the expression of DNA fragmentation factor 40 (DFF40) is stable. Moreover, DF45, BCL2 and DFF40 underexpression has been reported in numerous malignancies, including uterine leiomyosarcomas. In this study, we aimed to investigate DFF45, BCL2 and DFF40 expression in endometrioid and non-endometrioid types of endometrial cancers (ECs). We also evaluated the correlations between DFF45, BCL2 and DFF40 expression levels and clinicopathological parameters and determined the value of these three proteins as prognostic markers of disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Methods Immunohistochemistry was performed to evaluate DFF45, BCL2 and DFF40 expression in 342 cases of ECs. Student’s t-test, the Mann-Whitney U-test, and the chi-squared test were used for the statistical analyses as appropriate. The Cox-Mantel test, Cox’s proportional hazard model, and relative risk analyses were used to evaluate associations between DFF40, DFF45, and BCL2 expression and clinicopathological characteristics. Results DFF40 and BCL2, but not DFF45, were significantly underexpressed in non-endometrioid and high-grade endometrioid ECs compared with low- and moderate-grade endometrioid ECs. Women with DFF40- and BCL2-negative tumors had higher risks of disease recurrence, lymph node involvement, lympho-vascular space infiltration, and deep myometrial invasion compared with women with DFF40- and BCL2-positive tumors. Additionally, women with DFF40- and BCL2-negative tumors had significantly lower OS and DFS than women with DFF40- and BCL2-positive tumors. A multivariable analysis of the model, including the clinicopathological characteristics and immunohistochemical results, showed that negative BCL2 expression, lymph node involvement, and high-stage and high-grade disease were independent predictors of OS, whereas negative BCL2 expression, lymph node involvement, and high-stage disease were independent predictors of DFS. Conclusions Compared with low- and moderate-grade endometrioid ECs, non-endometrioid and high-grade endometrioid ECs showed significant DFF40 and BCL2 underexpression. The absence of DFF40 and BCL2 expression negatively affects DFS and OS. Further prospective studies are warranted to assess the potential utility of DFF40 and BCL2 as targets in the diagnosis or treatment of ECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Banas
- Department of Gynecology and Oncology, Jagiellonian University, 21 Kopernika Street, 30-501, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Kazimierz Pitynski
- Department of Gynecology and Oncology, Jagiellonian University, 21 Kopernika Street, 30-501, Krakow, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Okon
- Department of Pathomorphology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Winiarska
- Department of Pathomorphology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
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