Fibrous sheath interacting protein 1 overexpression is associated with unfavorable prognosis in bladder cancer: a potential therapeutic target

Genome-Scale Methylation Analysis Identifies Immune Profiles and Age Acceleration Associations with Bladder Cancer Outcomes

BACKGROUND

Immune profiles have been associated with bladder cancer outcomes and may have clinical applications for prognosis. However, associations of detailed immune cell subtypes with patient outcomes remain underexplored and may contribute crucial prognostic information for better managing bladder cancer recurrence and survival.

METHODS

Bladder cancer case peripheral blood DNA methylation was measured using the Illumina HumanMethylationEPIC array. Extended cell-type deconvolution quantified 12 immune cell-type proportions, including memory, naïve T and B cells, and granulocyte subtypes. DNA methylation clocks determined biological age. Cox proportional hazards models tested associations of immune cell profiles and age acceleration with bladder cancer outcomes. The partDSA algorithm discriminated 10-year overall survival groups from clinical variables and immune cell profiles, and a semi-supervised recursively partitioned mixture model (SS-RPMM) with DNA methylation data was applied to identify a classifier for 10-year overall survival.

RESULTS

Higher CD8T memory cell proportions were associated with better overall survival [HR = 0.95, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.93-0.98], while higher neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (HR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.23-1.50), CD8T naïve (HR = 1.21, 95% CI = 1.04-1.41), neutrophil (HR = 1.04, 95% CI = 1.03-1.06) proportions, and age acceleration (HR = 1.06, 95% CI = 1.03-1.08) were associated with worse overall survival in patient with bladder cancer. partDSA and SS-RPMM classified five groups of subjects with significant differences in overall survival.

CONCLUSIONS

We identified associations between immune cell subtypes and age acceleration with bladder cancer outcomes.

IMPACT

The findings of this study suggest that bladder cancer outcomes are associated with specific methylation-derived immune cell-type proportions and age acceleration, and these factors could be potential prognostic biomarkers.

Human Triosephosphate Isomerase Is a Potential Target in Cancer Due to Commonly Occurring Post-Translational Modifications

Cancer involves a series of diseases where cellular growth is not controlled. Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide, and the burden of cancer incidence and mortality is rapidly growing, mainly in developing countries. Many drugs are currently used, from chemotherapeutic agents to immunotherapy, among others, along with organ transplantation. Treatments can cause severe side effects, including remission and progression of the disease with serious consequences. Increased glycolytic activity is characteristic of cancer cells. Triosephosphate isomerase is essential for net ATP production in the glycolytic pathway. Notably, some post-translational events have been described that occur in human triosephosphate isomerase in which functional and structural alterations are provoked. This is considered a window of opportunity, given the differences that may exist between cancer cells and their counterpart in normal cells concerning the glycolytic enzymes. Here, we provide elements that bring out the potential of triosephosphate isomerase, under post-translational modifications, to be considered an efficacious target for treating cancer.

FSIP1 Is Associated with Poor Prognosis and Can Be Used to Construct a Prognostic Model in Gastric Cancer

Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common upper gastrointestinal malignant tumors, and the incidence of the GC shows an increasing trend in the past years. Finding more sensitive markers will help to reveal the mechanism of GC progression and clinic diagnoses. This study first analyzed the mRNA expression level of FSIP1 in TCGA GC samples and the significance in predicting the prognosis. KEGG and GO analyses were used to explore the molecular mechanism of FSIP1 in GC progression. This study further retrospectively analyzed 166 clinical samples of GC from Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital and evaluated the expression level of FSIP1 by immunohistochemistry. Kaplan-Meier and Cox multivariate analysis was used to investigate the prognostic value of FSIP1 expression in GC patients. We also identified correlations between FSIP1 and clinicopathological characteristics. This study found that the mRNA level of FSIP1 was significantly upregulated in GC compared with nontumor specimens and correlated with poor prognosis. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the results of bioinformatics analysis of the TCGA GC database. FSIP1 was associated with pTNM pathological stage, tumor location, and neural invasion. In addition, multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that FSIP1, T classification, and N classification were independent posterior factors of patients and could be combined with pathological features to construct a nomogram prognostic model. Overall, our results suggest that FSIP1 is expected to be an independent prognostic indicator of GC.

Clinical significance of expression of fibrous sheath interacting protein 1 in colon cancer

BACKGROUND

The occurrence and development of colon cancer are complex, involving a variety of genetic changes, such as mutation and activation of oncogenes, inactivation of tumour suppressor genes, and aberrant proliferation and apoptosis regulation mechanisms. Fibrous sheath interacting protein 1 (FSIP1) is a newly discovered oncogene that is frequently activated in a variety of tumours such as breast cancer and bladder cancer. However, the clinical significance of FSIP1 in colon cancer is unclear. In this study, we analysed the clinical significance of expression of FSIP1 in human colon cancer, aimed to clarify the biological role of FSIP1 in the development and progression of colon cancer.

AIM

To investigate the clinical significance of expression of FSIP1 in colon cancer.

METHODS

From March 2011 to March 2014, 302 specimens of tumour tissues and paracancerous tissues were obtained from patients pathologically diagnosed with colon cancer at Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect FSIP1 expression in colon cancer tissues and adjacent normal tissues. Spearman correlation coefficient and Cox regression analyses were used to determine the relationship between FSIP1 expression and clinicopathological factors and prognosis, as well as the impact on survival.

RESULTS

Compared with its expression in adjacent normal tissues, FSIP1 was expressed at higher levels in colon cancer tissues. Spearman correlation analysis showed that high expression of FSIP1 was positively correlated with clinicopathological stage, lymph node metastasis, and poor prognosis in colon cancer; it was negatively correlated with the degree of tumour differentiation. Cox regression analysis showed that high FSIP1 expression was an independent risk factor for the prognosis of colon cancer patients.

CONCLUSION

High expression of FSIP1 may be one of the important factors affecting the clinical outcome of colon cancer patients and leading to poor prognosis.

FSIP1 regulates autophagy in breast cancer

Fibrous sheath interacting protein 1 (FSIP1) is a cancer antigen expressed in the majority of breast cancer tissues and is associated with poor prognosis. However, the role of FSIP1 in the progression and drug sensitivity of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has not been explored. Here, we show that FSIP1 deficiency by shRNA-mediated knockdown or CRISPR-Cas9-mediated knockout significantly inhibits the proliferation and invasion of TNBC cells and impairs chemotherapy-induced growth inhibition in vivo. Computational modeling predicted that FSIP1 binds to ULK1, and this was established by coimmunoprecipitation. FSIP1 deficiency promoted autophagy, enhanced AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling, and decreased mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) and Wnt/β-catenin activity. In contrast, knockdown of AMPK or inhibition of autophagy restored the sensitivity to chemotherapy drugs in TNBC cells. Our findings uncover a role of FSIP1 as well as mechanisms underlying FSIP1 action in drug sensitivity and may, therefore, aid in design of TNBC therapies.

Knockdown of fibrous sheath interacting protein 1 expression reduces bladder urothelial carcinoma cell proliferation and induces apoptosis via inhibition of the PI3K/AKT pathway

Background

FSIP1 plays a vital role in tumorigenesis and cancer progression. In bladder cancer, FSIP1 overexpression was associated with poor prognosis of bladder urothelial carcinoma. In this study, we investigated whether FSIP1 is essential in the progression of bladder cancer and the mechanism by which it mediates this effect.

Methods

FSIP1 expression was knocked down in bladder cancer cells using lentiviral-mediated short hairpin RNA (shRNA). FSIP1 expression was detected using Western blotting, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The effects of FSIP1 knockdown on tumor cells were assessed using colony formation, 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), and flow cytometry (FCM) apoptosis assays in vitro and BALB/c nude mouse xenograft model in vivo.

Results

The findings suggested that FSIP1 protein was highly expressed in bladder cancer cell lines. Knockdown of FSIP1 resulted in reduced tumor cell viability, cell cycle arrest at G₀/G₁ phase and apoptosis of bladder cancer cell lines (P<0.05). Moreover, knockdown of FSIP1 expression suppressed the tumor formation and growth of bladder cancer xenografts (P<0.05). At the gene level, knockdown of FSIP1 expression downregulated the activity of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.

Conclusion

This study demonstrated that knockdown of FSIP1 suppressed bladder cancer cell malignant behaviors in vitro and in vivo through the inhibition of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, suggesting that targeting FSIP1 could be further evaluated as a potential therapeutic strategy in bladder cancer.