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Khalesi S, Maleki L, Eskandari S, Dehabadi FZ, Kohpaee AY. Cyclin D1 and Ki-67 expression and its correlation with histopathological parameters and cervical lymph node metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2023; 20:112. [PMID: 38020247 PMCID: PMC10680078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common malignant tumor among oral cancers. Cyclin D1 and Ki-67 have associated with cell division. The aim of this study was to compare the expression of these markers in OSCC with and without cervical lymph node (LN) metastasis. Materials and Methods This cross-sectional study was performed on 40 OSCCs with and without cervical LN metastasis (20 in each group) that was recorded in the pathology archive of Ayatollah Kashani Hospital in Isfahan. Clinical information including age, gender, and location was collected. Some histopathological parameters including depth of invasion, lymphovascular invasion (LVI), perineural invasion (PNI), number of LN metastases, histopathological grade, and stage of disease were evaluated. Immunohistochemical staining was performed for cyclin D1 and Ki-67. All data were entered into SPSS24 software and were analyzed by Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, Chi-square, Fisher's exact, and t-tests. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Based on LVI and stage of disease, a significant correlation was found between the two groups (P < 0.001). There was a significant difference between the two groups based on cyclin D1 expression (P = 0.05). The expression of the Ki-67 showed a significant difference based on tumor location (P = 0.026) and PNI (P = 0.033). Conclusion The use of markers should be considered in determining the prognosis of OSCC, and the cyclin D1 marker is one of the useful markers for predictors of cervical LN metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeedeh Khalesi
- Dental Material Research Center, Dental School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Laleh Maleki
- Dental Research Center, Dental School, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shahnaz Eskandari
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Foad Zare Dehabadi
- Departement of Oral Pathology, Dental Students’ Research Committee, Dental School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Yousefi Kohpaee
- Departement of Oral Pathology, Dental Students’ Research Committee, Dental School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Zhang J, Wang Z, Zhao H, Wei Y, Zhou Y, Zhang S, Zhao J, Li X, Lin Y, Liu K. The roles of the SOX2 protein in the development of esophagus and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, and pharmacological target for therapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 163:114764. [PMID: 37100016 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
SOX2 is a transcription factor belonging to the SOX gene family, whose activity has been associated with the maintenance of the stemness and self-renewal of embryonic stem cells (ESCs), as well as the induction of differentiated cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Moreover, accumulating studies have shown that SOX2 is amplified in various cancers, notably in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). In addition, SOX2 expression is linked to multiple malignant processes, including proliferation, migration, invasion, and drug resistance. Taken together, targeting SOX2 might shed light on novel approaches for cancer therapy. In this review, we aim to summarize the current knowledge regarding SOX2 in the development of esophagus and ESCC. We also highlight several therapeutic strategies for targeting SOX2 in different cancer types, which can provide new tools to treat cancers possessing abnormal levels of SOX2 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China; School of Life Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China; Fujian Health College, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350101, China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- Central Laboratory, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China; School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China; Fujian Health College, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350101, China
| | - Hongzhou Zhao
- Central Laboratory, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China; School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China; Fujian Health College, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350101, China
| | - Yuxuan Wei
- Central Laboratory, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China; School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China; Fujian Health College, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350101, China
| | - Yijian Zhou
- Central Laboratory, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China; School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China; Fujian Health College, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350101, China
| | - Shihui Zhang
- Centre for Translational Stem Cell Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam 999077, Hong Kong, China; Fujian Health College, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350101, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Central Laboratory, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China; School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China; Fujian Health College, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350101, China
| | - Xinxin Li
- Central Laboratory, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China; School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China; Fujian Health College, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350101, China
| | - Yong Lin
- Centre for Translational Stem Cell Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam 999077, Hong Kong, China; Fujian Health College, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350101, China.
| | - Kuancan Liu
- Central Laboratory, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China; School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China; Fujian Health College, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350101, China.
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3
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Bai L, Yan L, Guo Y, He L, Sun Z, Cao W, Lu J, Mo S. Perineural Invasion Is a Significant Indicator of High Malignant Degree and Poor Prognosis in Esophageal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Oncol 2022; 12:816270. [PMID: 35756642 PMCID: PMC9213664 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.816270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Perineural invasion (PNI) is a malignant metastatic mode of tumors and has been reported in many tumors including esophageal cancer (EC). However, the role of PNI in EC has been reported differently. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to focus on the role of PNI in EC. Methods Eight databases of CNKI, VIP, Wanfang, Scopus, Wiley, ISI, PubMed, and EBSCO are used for literature search. The association of PNI with gender, pathological stages of T and N (pT and pN), lymphovascular invasion (LVI), lymph node metastasis, 5-year overall survival (OS), and 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) was examined in the meta-analysis by Revman5.0 Software. The pooled OR/HR and 95% CI were used to assess the risk and prognostic value. Results Sixty-nine published studies were screened for analysis of PNI in EC. The incidence of PNI in esophageal squamous carcinoma (ESCC) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) was different, but not statistically significant (p > 0.05). The PNI-positive patients had a significantly higher risk of pT stage (OR = 3.85, 95% CI = 2.45–6.05, p < 0.00001), pN stage (OR = 1.86, 95% CI = 1.52–2.28, p < 0.00001), LVI (OR = 2.44, 95% CI = 1.55–3.85, p = 0.0001), and lymph node metastasis (OR = 2.87, 95% CI = 1.56–5.29, p = 0.0007). Furthermore, the cumulative analysis revealed a significant correlation between PNI and poor OS (HR = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.24–1.51, p < 0.0001), as well as poor DFS (HR = 1.55, 95% CI = 1.38–1.74, p < 0.0001). Conclusion PNI occurrence is significantly related to tumor stage, LVI, lymph node metastasis, OS, and DFS. These results indicate that PNI can serve as an indicator of high malignant degree and poor prognosis in EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuyang Bai
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liangying Yan
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yaping Guo
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Luyun He
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhiyan Sun
- Department of Special Service, No. 988 Hospital of the Joint Service Support Force of People's Liberation Army of China (PLA), Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenbo Cao
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jing Lu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Saijun Mo
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou, China
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4
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Shen Y, Yang L, Li L. Cancer stem-like cells contribute to paclitaxel resistance in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2022; 15:183-190. [PMID: 35535205 PMCID: PMC9077107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the role of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) stem cells in paclitaxel resistance through the molecular characterization of ESCC stem cells. METHODS A resistant cell line (RR-ECl09) of cells were established using intermittent induction and time increments of high-dose paclitaxel in a human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma line (EC109). The multidrug resistance of RR-ECl09 cells to anticancer agents was evaluated by MTT assay. The RR-EC109 and EC109 cells were used for sphere formation assays, clonogenicity assays, stem cell gene expression, and the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers. RESULTS The RR-EC109 cells were established over 7 months. RR-ECl09 cells had 67.258 fold resistance to paclitaxel. The percentage of sphere formation and clone proliferation ability of RR-EC109 cells was higher than that of EC109 cells (P < 0.05). The amount of side population cells in RR-EC109 cells was higher than that of EC109 cells (P < 0.05). RR-EC109 cells produced more mRNA for Bmi1, Nanog, Oct4, Sox2, ABCG2, Nestin, and Ki-67 than EC109 cells (P < 0.05). E-cadherin expression was lower in RR-EC109 cells than in EC109 cells, while N-cadherin, Snail, and Twist expressions were higher in RR-EC109 cells than in EC109 cells (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Cancer stem cell (CSC)-like cells exist among paclitaxel-resistant cells in ESCC and may play a role in ESCC drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanru Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukang Hospital Affiliated to Tibet UniversityLhasa, China
| | - Lihui Yang
- Department of Science and Education, People’s Hospital of Tibet Autonomous Region, Tibet UniversityLhasa, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Laboratory, Fukang Hospital Affiliated to Tibet UniversityLhasa, China
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Song Q, Liu H, Li C, Liang H. miR-33a-5p inhibits the progression of esophageal cancer through the DKK1-mediated Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:20481-20494. [PMID: 34426559 PMCID: PMC8436944 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Esophageal cancer (EC) is one of the most lethal malignancies in humans, and multiple miRNAs have been identified to modulate EC progression by targeting different targets. However, the effect and related mechanism of microRNA-33a-5p (miR-33a-5p) on EC development remain elusive. In this study, we explored the clinical value, function, and possible mechanism of miR-33a-5p in EC. We uncovered that miR-33a-5p and DKK1 are involved in the progression of EC. Significantly, the expression levels of miR-33a-5p were reduced and DKK1 levels were elevated in serum and tissues of clinical EC samples and in EC cell lines. The downregulation of miR-33a-5p and DKK1 upregulation were related to high TNM staging and poor differentiation of patients. The area under the curves (AUCs) of miR-33a-5p and DKK1 for the occurrence of EC were 0.914 and 0.900, respectively. Down-regulation of miR-33a-5p or overexpression of DKK1 indicated a worse prognosis. The miR-33a-5p overexpression or DKK1 depletion induced apoptosis and repressed proliferation, migration, and invasion of EC cells. The repression of miR-33a-5p by inhibitor or DKK1 overexpression presented the conversed effects on EC cells. Mechanically, miR-33a-5p suppressed DKK1 expression, and miR-33a-5p targeted DKK1 to affect the biological behavior of EC through the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Meanwhile, miR-33a-5p inhibited the tumor growth of EC in vivo. Thus, we concluded that miR-33a-5p inhibited the progression of EC through the DKK1-mediated Wnt/β-catenin pathway. MiR-33a-5p and DKK1 can be used as potential therapeutic targets of EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingping Song
- Department of Surgery, Tumor Hospital of Liaocheng, Liaocheng 252000, Shandong, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264000, Shandong, China
| | - Chengyan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264000, Shandong, China
| | - Haifeng Liang
- Department of Surgery, Tumor Hospital of Liaocheng, Liaocheng 252000, Shandong, China
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6
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Xu Y, Zhao H, Tong Y, Wang W, Huang J, Zhu W. Comparative Analysis of Clinicopathological Characteristics, Survival Features, and Protein Expression Between Basaloid and Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Esophagus. Int J Gen Med 2021; 14:3929-3939. [PMID: 34345181 PMCID: PMC8323856 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s314054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC) is a rare variant of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the esophagus. This study aimed to assess the discrepancy in clinicopathological characteristics and protein expression between esophageal BSCC and typical esophageal SCC. Study Design We reviewed 40 cases of esophageal BSCC. As controls, 63 well-differentiated SCC (WSCC) patients, 70 moderately differentiated SCC (MSCC) patients, and 51 poorly differentiated SCC (PSCC) patients were selected. The clinicopathologic characteristics and immunoreactivity of Ki-67, p53, p63, and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) were then evaluated in the BSCC and typical SCC patients. Results The 5-year survival rates for the BSCC patients were 27.5%. The prognostic outcomes of the BSCC group were similar to those of the PSCC and MSCC groups but worse than that of the WSCC group, with a significant difference (P=0.045). Ki-67 expression was significantly higher in the BSCC group than that in the WSCC group (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, there were no significant differences in the expression of the other molecular markers (p53, p63, and EGFR) between the typical SCC and BSCC groups (P > 0.05). The median survival time of esophageal the BSCC patients with low p53 expression was significantly longer than that of the patients with high p53 expression (P=0.026). Further, the median survival time of the esophageal BSCC patients with high p63 expression was significantly longer than that of the patients with low p63 expression (P=0.041). Meanwhile, Ki-67 and EGFR expressions were not correlated with OS in the BSCC group. Conclusion Esophageal BSCC has a more clinically virulent course. Notably, p53 and p63 expression are associated with prognosis in BSCC. These findings conject that evaluation of multiple cancer biomarkers might be a promising auxiliary diagnostic indicator in BSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu, 223300, People's Republic of China
| | - Huanyu Zhao
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu, 223300, People's Republic of China
| | - Yusuo Tong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu, 223300, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanwei Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu, 223300, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu, 223300, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiguo Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu, 223300, People's Republic of China
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Bioinformatics-based analysis of the lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA and TF regulatory networks reveals functional genes in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:225786. [PMID: 32662828 PMCID: PMC7441485 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20201727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a 5-year survival rate unsatisfied malignancies. The study aimed to identify the novel diagnostic and prognostic targets for ESCC. Expression profiling (GSE89102, GSE97051, and GSE59973) data were downloaded from the GEO database. Then, differentially expressed (DE) lncRNAs, DEmiRNAs, and genes (DEGs) with P-values < 0.05, and |log2FC| ≥ 2, were identified using GEO2R. Functional enrichment analysis of miRNA-related mRNAs and lncRNA co-expressed mRNA was performed. LncRNA–miRNA–mRNA, protein–protein interaction of miRNA-related mRNAs and DEGs, co-expression, and transcription factors-hub genes network were constructed. The transcriptional data, the diagnostic and prognostic value of hub genes were estimated with ONCOMINE, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses, and Kaplan–Meier plotter, respectively. Also, the expressions of hub genes were assessed through qPCR and Western blot assays. The CDK1, VEGFA, PRDM10, RUNX1, CDK6, HSP90AA1, MYC, EGR1, and SOX2 used as hub genes. And among them, PRDM10, RUNX1, and CDK6 predicted worse overall survival (OS) in ESCC patients. Our results showed that the hub genes were significantly up-regulated in ESCA primary tumor tissues and cell lines, and exhibited excellent diagnostic efficiency. These results suggest that the hub genes may server as potential targets for the diagnosis and treatment of ESCC.
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Chen A, Santana AL, Doudican N, Roudiani N, Laursen K, Therrien JP, Lee J, Felsen D, Carucci JA. MAGE-A3 is a prognostic biomarker for poor clinical outcome in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma with perineural invasion via modulation of cell proliferation. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241551. [PMID: 33227008 PMCID: PMC7682861 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Perineural invasion is a pathologic process of neoplastic dissemination along and invading into the nerves. Perineural invasion is associated with aggressive disease and a greater likelihood of poor outcomes. In this study, 3 of 9 patients with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and perineural invasion exhibited poor clinical outcomes. Tumors from these patients expressed high levels of MAGE-A3, a cancer testis antigen that may contribute to key processes of tumor development. In addition to perineural invasion, the tumors exhibited poor differentiation and deep invasion and were subsequently classified as Brigham and Women's Hospital tumor stage 3. Cyclin E, A and B mRNA levels were increased in these tumors compared with normal skin tissues (102.93±15.03 vs. 27.15±4.59, 36.83±19.41 vs. 11.59±5.83, 343.77±86.49 vs. 95.65±29.25, respectively; p<0.05). A431 cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma cells pretreated with MAGE-A3 antibody exhibited a decreased percentage S-phase cells (14.13±2.8% vs. 33.97±1.1%; p<0.05) and reduced closure in scratch assays (43.88±5.49% vs. 61.17±3.97%; p = 0.0058). In a syngeneic animal model of squamous cell carcinoma, immunoblots revealed overexpression of MAGE-A3 and cyclin E, A, and B protein in tumors at 6 weeks. However, knockout of MAGE-A3 expression caused a reduction in tumor growth (mean tumor volume 155.3 mm3 vs. 3.2 mm3) compared with parental cells. These results suggest that MAGE-A3 is a key mediator in cancer progression. Moreover, elevated collagen XI and matrix metalloproteases 3, 10, 11, and 13 mRNA levels were observed in poorly differentiated cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma with perineural invasion compared with normal skin tissue (1132.56±882.7 vs. 107.62±183.62, 1118.15±1109.49 vs. 9.5±5, 2603.87±2385.26 vs. 5.29±3, 957.95±627.14 vs. 400.42±967.66, 1149.13±832.18 vs. 19.41±35.62, respectively; p<0.05). In summary, this study highlights the potential prognostic value of MAGE-A3 in clinical outcomes of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Chen
- Ronald O. Perlman Department of Dermatology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Alexis L. Santana
- Ronald O. Perlman Department of Dermatology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Nicole Doudican
- Ronald O. Perlman Department of Dermatology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Nazanin Roudiani
- Ronald O. Perlman Department of Dermatology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Kristian Laursen
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America
| | | | - James Lee
- GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle, NC, United States of America
| | - Diane Felsen
- Pediatric Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine College, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - John A. Carucci
- Ronald O. Perlman Department of Dermatology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
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Ye X, Xie G, Liu Z, Tang J, Cui M, Wang C, Guo C, Tang J. TNNC1 Reduced Gemcitabine Sensitivity of Nonsmall-Cell Lung Cancer by Increasing Autophagy. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e922703. [PMID: 32946432 PMCID: PMC7523424 DOI: 10.12659/msm.922703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background As we know, chemotherapy resistance is a critical factor leading to recurrence and metastasis of nonsmall-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). To clarify the key target and potential mechanism of resistance to gemcitabine (GEM) in NSCLC, we selected Gene Expression Omnibus Data Set and statistically analyzed a parent cell group and a GEM-resistant cell group. Results showed that the expression of troponin C1, slow skeletal and cardiac type (TNNC1) in GEM-resistant cells was higher than in parent cells, which implies that TNNC1 was associated with GEM resistance in lung cancer cells. Material/Methods TNNC1 expression level was detected by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction or western blot in GEM-resistant patient serum and cell lines. It could reduce or increase autophagy response and GEM resistance accordingly by inhibition of the short interfering ribonucleic acid or by forced overexpression of TNNC1 viruses in A549 cell line and GEM-resistant cell line (A549/GemR) respectively. Blocking autophagy with 3-methyladenine increased the sensitivity of chemotherapy confirmed by flow cytometry and microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B – light chain 3 punctate assay. What’s more, in a loss-of-function model, silencing of forkhead box 03 (FOXO3) in A549/GemR cells could rescue the autophagy weakened by TNNC1. Results TNNC1 promoted GEM chemoresistance of NSCLC by activating cytoprotective autophagy, regulated negatively by FOXO3. This research may provide a completely new strategy for NSCLC treatment. Conclusions Targeting the TNNC1/FOXO3 signaling pathway in NSCLC may be a novel strategy to combat GEM resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Ye
- Department of Cardiovascular Thoracic Surgery, The Central Hospital of Yongzhou, Yongzhou, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Guanghui Xie
- Department of Cardiovascular Thoracic Surgery, The Central Hospital of Yongzhou, Yongzhou, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Zhijian Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Thoracic Surgery, The Central Hospital of Yongzhou, Yongzhou, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Jun Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular Thoracic Surgery, The Central Hospital of Yongzhou, Yongzhou, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Mingyuan Cui
- Department of Cardiovascular Thoracic Surgery, The Central Hospital of Yongzhou, Yongzhou, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Chenbin Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Thoracic Surgery, The Central Hospital of Yongzhou, Yongzhou, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Chi Guo
- Department of Cardiovascular Thoracic Surgery, The Central Hospital of Yongzhou, Yongzhou, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Jianfeng Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular Thoracic Surgery, The Central Hospital of Yongzhou, Yongzhou, Hunan, China (mainland)
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10
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Correlation analysis of apparent diffusion coefficient value and P53 and Ki-67 expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Magn Reson Imaging 2020; 68:183-189. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2020.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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11
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Abstract
Whole-slide imaging (WSI) contributes to medical education, collaboration, quality assurance, examination, and consultation in pathology. The images obtained from WSI are of high quality and could be stored indefinitely. In research involving esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, the combination of WSI and image processing program allows effective interpretations of expressions of various immunomarkers related to pathogenesis, prognosis, and response to therapy in tissue microarray sections. The operation and basic principles of whole-slide imaging of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma are also presented. Common use of WSI will occur with modifications of the whole-slide imaging scanners to adapt to the workflows in diagnostic and research laboratories.
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Chai Y, Li Q, Zhao H, Zhang Z, Yu X, Pang L, Liu Z, Zhao J, Wang L, Li F. SOX2 antagonizes WWC1 to drive YAP1 activation in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Med 2019; 8:7055-7064. [PMID: 31560173 PMCID: PMC6853808 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Whether SOX2 and ACTL6A/TP63 interact with the Hippo-YAP1 pathway in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains unclear. Here, we reveal that SOX2, ACTL6A, and TP63 are co-amplified and upregulated in ESCC samples. Multiple SOX2 binding peaks in the locus of WWC1, a Hippo-YAP1 regulator, and an inverse correlation between the expression of SOX2 and WWC1 are identified, suggesting direct repression of WWC1 by SOX2. Expression scores of SOX2 are higher in tumors than normal tissues and positively correlated with nuclear YAP1 staining in primary ESCC. Moreover, SOX2 gain-of-function significantly promotes nuclear YAP1 expression in ESCC cells while silencing of SOX2 expression inhibits YAP1 activation. SOX2 overexpression leads to a significant enhancement of cell migration and invasion as well as chemoresistance to cisplatin, whereas knockdown of SOX2 or ectopic expression of WWC1 suppresses the SOX2-induced migration ability and invasive potential. Disruption of this SOX2-WWC1-YAP1 axis could be a therapeutic strategy for SOX2-dependent tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Chai
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases/the First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
| | - Qihang Li
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases/the First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
| | - Hongying Zhao
- Department of Pathology and Medical Research Center, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyu Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases/the First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China.,Department of Pathology and Medical Research Center, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodan Yu
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases/the First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China.,Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
| | - Lijuan Pang
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases/the First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Pathology and Medical Research Center, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Zhao
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases/the First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
| | - Lianghai Wang
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases/the First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases/the First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China.,Department of Pathology and Medical Research Center, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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13
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Javaeed A, Ghauri SK. Metastatic potential and prognostic significance of SOX2: A meta-analysis. World J Clin Oncol 2019; 10:234-246. [PMID: 31367532 PMCID: PMC6657218 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v10.i6.234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND SOX2 is a regulator of pluripotent cellular transcription, yet it has been recently integrated in cancer biology. The present study provides an analytic insight into the correlation of SOX2 overexpression with cancer metastasis and patient survival.
AIM To investigate the association of SOX2 overexpression with metastasis and its implication in the prognosis of cancer patients.
METHODS A meta-analysis was conducted including studies that compared the association of low or high SOX2 expression with lymph node metastasis (LNM) and/or distant metastasis (DM). The following data were additionally extracted: survival, including the overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS), and prevalence of high and low SOX2 expression. Odds ratios (commonly known as ORs) and their respective 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to investigate the association between SOX2 expression and LNM and DM, while hazard ratios (commonly known as HRs) and 95%CIs were applied to evaluate the prognostic markers.
RESULTS In a total of 2643 patients (60.88% males), the pooled prevalence of SOX2 overexpression was 46.22% (95%CI: 39.07%-53.38%) in different types of cancer. SOX2 overexpression significantly correlated with DM (OR = 1.79, 95%CI: 1.20-3.25, P < 0.008) compared to low SOX2 expression. In subgroups analyses, a high SOX2 expression was associated with LNM in cancers of the lung, breast, and colon and associated with DM in hepatic, head and neck, and colon cancers. SOX2 overexpression was also associated with a shorter OS (HR = 1.65, 95%CI: 1.34-2.04, P < 0.001) and DFS (HR = 1.54, 95%CI: 1.14-2.08, P = 0.005).
CONCLUSION A remarkable role of SOX2 overexpression was observed in cancer biology and metastasis. However, many questions in the regulatory pathways need to be addressed to reveal as many functional aspects as possible to tailor new targeted therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arslaan Javaeed
- Department of Pathology, Poonch Medical College, Azad Kashmir, Rawalakot 1235, Pakistan
| | - Sanniya Khan Ghauri
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
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Sato F, Bhawal UK, Tojyo I, Fujita S, Murata SI, Muragaki Y. Differential expression of claudin‑4, occludin, SOX2 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen between basaloid squamous cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:1977-1985. [PMID: 31257482 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Basaloid squamous cell carcinomas (BSCCs) in oral lesions are extremely rare, and the histology is not well understood. Histologically, they are often similar to conventional squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The present study was designed with an aim to distinguish BSCC from SCC using claudin‑4, occludin, SRY‑box 2 (SOX2) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) immunoreactivities and staining patterns. Three BSCCs (with abundant, with moderate, and without squamous components) specimens and 20 SCC specimens were selected for comparison of their immunoreactivity. These specimens were stained with claudin‑4, occludin, SOX2 and PCNA. In addition to histological analysis, the expression of claudin‑4, occludin and PCNA was determined in oral cancer HSC2 and HSC3 cells with or without SOX2 overexpression, and cell proliferation was determined by XTT assay. Claudin‑4 had strong and occludin had weak immunoreactivity as detected in the membrane of squamous components of BSCC but not in cancer cells. No obvious detection of squamous components and cancer cells were observed in SCC. SOX2 and PCNA immunoreactivities in SCC had dot‑like staining patterns in the nuclei of partial and marginal cancer cells. In contrast, in BSCCs, SOX2 and PCNA had diffuse staining patterns in almost all cancer cells. SOX2 overexpression had little effect on the expression levels of claudin‑4, occludin and PCNA. It also had little effect on the cell proliferation of HSC2 and HSC3 cells. Differences in immunoreactivity and staining pattern may be valuable to distinguish between BSCC and SCC in diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuyuki Sato
- Department of Pathology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Wakayama 641‑8509, Japan
| | - Ujjal K Bhawal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba 271‑8587, Japan
| | - Itaru Tojyo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641‑8509, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Fujita
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641‑8509, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Murata
- Department of Human Pathology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641‑8509, Japan
| | - Yasuteru Muragaki
- Department of Pathology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Wakayama 641‑8509, Japan
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Chen YT, Xie JY, Sun Q, Mo WJ. Novel drug candidates for treating esophageal carcinoma: A study on differentially expressed genes, using connectivity mapping and molecular docking. Int J Oncol 2018; 54:152-166. [PMID: 30387840 PMCID: PMC6254996 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with esophageal carcinoma (ESCA) have a poor prognosis and high mortality rate. Although standard therapies have had effect, there is an urgent requirement to develop novel options, as increasing drug tolerance has been identified in clinical practice. In the present study, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of ESCA were identified in The Cancer Genome Atlas and Genotype-Tissue Expression databases. Functional and protein-protein interaction (PPI) analyses were performed. The Connectivity Map (CMAP) was selected to predict drugs for the treatment of ESCA, and their target genes were acquired from the Search Tool for Interactions of Chemicals (STITCH) by uploading the Simplified Molecular-Input Line-Entry System structure. Additionally, significant target genes and ESCA-associated hub genes were extracted using another PPI analysis, and the corresponding drugs were added to construct a network. Furthermore, the binding affinity between predicted drug candidates and ESCA-associated hub genes was calculated using molecular docking. Finally, 827 DEGs (|log2 fold-change|≥2; q-value <0.05), which are principally involved in protein digestion and absorption (P<0.005), the plasminogen-activating cascade (P<0.01), as well as the ‘biological regulation’ of the Biological Process, ‘membrane’ of the Cellular Component and ‘protein binding’ of the Molecular Function categories, were obtained. Additionally, 11 hub genes were obtained from the PPI network (all degrees ≥30). Furthermore, the 15 first screen drugs were extracted from CMAP (score <−0.85) and the 9 second screen drugs with 70 target genes were extracted from STITCH. Furthermore, another PPI analysis extracted 51 genes, and apigenin, baclofen, Prestwick-685, menadione, butyl hydroxybenzoate, gliclazide and valproate were selected as drug candidates for ESCA. Those molecular docking results with a docking score of >5.52 indicated the significance of apigenin, Prestwick-685 and menadione. The results of the present study may lead to novel drug candidates for ESCA, among which Prestwick-685 and menadione were identified to be significant new drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Chen
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Yi Xie
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Jia Mo
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
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