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Kolecka-Bednarczyk A, Frydrychowicz M, Budny B, Ruciński M, Dompe C, Gabryel P, Płachno BJ, Ruchała M, Ziemnicka K, Zieliński P, Budna-Tukan J. Specific Deletions of Chromosomes 3p, 5q, 13q, and 21q among Patients with G2 Grade of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8642. [PMID: 39201328 PMCID: PMC11354976 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25168642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 08/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) leads as a primary cause of cancer-related premature mortality in Western populations. This study leverages cutting-edge gene-expression-profiling technologies to perform an in-depth molecular characterization of NSCLC specimens, with the objective of uncovering tumor-specific genomic alterations. By employing DNA microarray analysis, our research aims to refine the classification of NSCLC for early detection, guide molecular-targeted treatment approaches, enhance prognostication, and broaden the scientific understanding of the disease's biology. We identified widespread genomic abnormalities in our samples, including the recurrent loss of chromosomal regions 3p, 5q, 13q, and 21q and the gain of 12p. Furthermore, utilizing Metascape for bioinformatic analysis revealed critical biological pathways disrupted in NSCLC, offering promising leads for novel therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Kolecka-Bednarczyk
- Department of Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (M.F.); (C.D.)
| | - Magdalena Frydrychowicz
- Department of Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (M.F.); (C.D.)
| | - Bartłomiej Budny
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland; (B.B.); (M.R.); (K.Z.)
| | - Marcin Ruciński
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland; (M.R.); (J.B.-T.)
| | - Claudia Dompe
- Department of Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (M.F.); (C.D.)
- Doctoral School, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland
| | - Piotr Gabryel
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-569 Poznan, Poland; (P.G.); (P.Z.)
| | - Bartosz J. Płachno
- Department of Plant Cytology and Embryology, Institute of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, 30-387 Cracow, Poland
| | - Marek Ruchała
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland; (B.B.); (M.R.); (K.Z.)
| | - Katarzyna Ziemnicka
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland; (B.B.); (M.R.); (K.Z.)
| | - Paweł Zieliński
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-569 Poznan, Poland; (P.G.); (P.Z.)
| | - Joanna Budna-Tukan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland; (M.R.); (J.B.-T.)
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Gora, 65-046 Zielona Gora, Poland
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2
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Zhu R, Shirley CM, Chu SH, Li L, Nguyen BH, Seo J, Wu M, Seale T, Duffield AS, Staudt LM, Levis M, Hu Y, Small D. Inhibition of NOTCH4 sensitizes FLT3/ITD acute myeloid leukemia cells to FLT3 tyrosine kinase inhibition. Leukemia 2024; 38:1581-1591. [PMID: 38811818 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-024-02292-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Internal tandem duplication mutations of FLT3 (FLT3/ITD) confer poor prognosis in AML. FLT3 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) alone have limited and transient clinical efficacy thus calling for new targets for more effective combination therapy. In a loss-of-function RNAi screen, we identified NOTCH4 as one such potential target whose inhibition proved cytotoxic to AML cells, and also sensitized them to FLT3 inhibition. Further investigation found increased NOTCH4 expression in FLT3/ITD AML cell lines and primary patient samples. Inhibition of NOTCH4 by shRNA knockdown, CRISPR-Cas9-based knockout or γ-secretase inhibitors synergized with FLT3 TKIs to kill FLT3/ITD AML cells in vitro. NOTCH4 inhibition sensitized TKI-resistant FLT3/ITD cells to FLT3 TKI inhibition. The combination reduced phospho-ERK and phospho-AKT, indicating inhibition of MAPK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. It also led to changes in expression of genes involved in regulating cell cycling, DNA repair and transcription. A patient-derived xenograft model showed that the combination reduced both the level of leukemic involvement of primary human FLT3/ITD AML cells and their ability to engraft secondary recipients. In summary, these results demonstrate that NOTCH4 inhibition synergizes with FLT3 TKIs to eliminate FLT3/ITD AML cells, providing a new therapeutic target for AML with FLT3/ITD mutations.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3/genetics
- fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3/antagonists & inhibitors
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Animals
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Mice
- Receptor, Notch4/genetics
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
- Mutation
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqi Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Courtney M Shirley
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - S Haihua Chu
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Beam Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Li Li
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Bao H Nguyen
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jaesung Seo
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tessa Seale
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Amy S Duffield
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Louis M Staudt
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mark Levis
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yu Hu
- Department of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Donald Small
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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3
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Ko B, Jang Y, Kim MH, Lam TT, Seo HK, Jeong P, Choi M, Kang KW, Lee SD, Park JH, Kim M, Han SY, Kim YC. Discovery of benzimidazole-indazole derivatives as potent FLT3-tyrosine kinase domain mutant kinase inhibitors for acute myeloid leukemia. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 262:115860. [PMID: 37866334 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
The FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) gene encodes a class III receptor tyrosine kinase that is expressed in hematopoietic stem cells. The mutations of FLT3 gene found in 30% of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), leads to an abnormal constitutive activation of FLT3 kinase of the receptor and results in immature myeloblast cell proliferation. Although small molecule drugs targeting the FLT3 kinase have been approved, new FLT3 inhibitors are needed owing to the side effects and drug resistances arising from kinase domain mutations, such as D835Y and F691L. In this study, we have developed benzimidazole-indazole based novel inhibitors targeting mutant FLT3 kinases through the optimization of diverse chemical moieties substituted around the core skeleton. The most optimized compound 22f exhibited potent inhibitory activities against FLT3 and FLT3/D835Y, with IC50 values of 0.941 and 0.199 nM, respectively. Furthermore, 22f exhibited strong antiproliferative activity against an AML cell line, MV4-11 cells with a GI50 of 0.26 nM. More importantly, 22f showed single-digit nanomolar GI50 values in the mutant FLT kinase expressed Ba/F3 cell lines including FLT-D835Y (GI50 = 0.29 nM) and FLT3-F691L (GI50 = 2.87 nM). Molecular docking studies indicated that the compound exhibits a well-fitted binding mode as a type 1 inhibitor in the homology model of active conformation of FLT3 kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bongki Ko
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, South Korea
| | - Yongsoo Jang
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, South Korea
| | - Min Ha Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongsangnam-do, 52828, South Korea
| | - Thai Thi Lam
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongsangnam-do, 52828, South Korea
| | - Hye Kyung Seo
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongsangnam-do, 52828, South Korea
| | - Pyeonghwa Jeong
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, South Korea
| | - Munkyung Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Keon Wook Kang
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - So-Deok Lee
- R&D Center, PeLeMed, Co. Ltd, Seoul, 06100, South Korea
| | - Jin-Hee Park
- R&D Center, PeLeMed, Co. Ltd, Seoul, 06100, South Korea
| | - Myungjin Kim
- R&D Center, PeLeMed, Co. Ltd, Seoul, 06100, South Korea
| | - Sun-Young Han
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongsangnam-do, 52828, South Korea.
| | - Yong-Chul Kim
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, South Korea; Center for AI-Applied High Efficiency Drug Discovery (AHEDD), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, South Korea; R&D Center, PeLeMed, Co. Ltd, Seoul, 06100, South Korea.
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4
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Negotei C, Colita A, Mitu I, Lupu AR, Lapadat ME, Popovici CE, Crainicu M, Stanca O, Berbec NM. A Review of FLT3 Kinase Inhibitors in AML. J Clin Med 2023; 12:6429. [PMID: 37892567 PMCID: PMC10607239 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12206429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a highly aggressive illness distinguished by the accumulation of abnormal hematopoietic precursors in both the bone marrow and peripheral blood. The prevalence of FLT3 gene mutations is high and escalates the probability of relapse and mortality. The survival rates for AML patients, particularly those over 65, are low. FLT3 mutation screening at diagnosis is mandatory, and FLT3 inhibitors are crucial in treating AML patients with mutations. There are two categories of FLT3 mutations: FLT3-ITD located in the juxtamembrane domain and FLT3-TKD in the tyrosine kinase domain. FLT3-ITD is the most common type, affecting nearly a quarter of patients, whereas FLT3-TKD only affects 6-8% of patients. FLT3 inhibitors are now crucial in treating AML patients with FLT3 mutations. When dealing with FLT3-mutated AML, the recommended course of treatment typically involves chemotherapy and midostaurin, followed by allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) to maximize the likelihood of success. Maintenance therapy can lower the risk of relapse, and gilteritinib is a better option than salvage chemotherapy for relapsed or refractory cases. Clinical trials for new or combined therapies are the most effective approach. This review discusses treatment options for patients with FLT3-mutated AML, including induction chemotherapy and options for relapsed or refractory disease. Additional treatment options may become available as more studies are conducted based on the patient's condition and susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Negotei
- Department of Hematology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Clinic of Hematology, Coltea Clinical Hospital, 030171 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andrei Colita
- Department of Hematology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Clinic of Hematology, Coltea Clinical Hospital, 030171 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Iuliana Mitu
- Clinic of Hematology, Coltea Clinical Hospital, 030171 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anca Roxana Lupu
- Department of Hematology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihai-Emilian Lapadat
- Department of Hematology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Clinic of Hematology, Coltea Clinical Hospital, 030171 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Constanta Elena Popovici
- Department of Hematology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Clinic of Hematology, Coltea Clinical Hospital, 030171 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Madalina Crainicu
- Clinic of Hematology, Coltea Clinical Hospital, 030171 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Oana Stanca
- Department of Hematology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Clinic of Hematology, Coltea Clinical Hospital, 030171 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Nicoleta Mariana Berbec
- Department of Hematology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Clinic of Hematology, Coltea Clinical Hospital, 030171 Bucharest, Romania
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5
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Ouassaf M, Daoui O, Alam S, Elkhattabi S, Belaidi S, Chtita S. Pharmacophore-based virtual screening, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics studies for the discovery of novel FLT3 inhibitors. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:7712-7724. [PMID: 36106982 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2123403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
FLT3 is considered a potential target of acute myeloid leukemia therapy. In this study, we applied a computer-aided methodology unifying molecular docking and pharmacophore screening to identify potent inhibitors against FLT3. To investigate the pharmacophore area and binding mechanism of FLT3, the reported co-crystallized Gilteritinib ligand was docked into the active site using Glide XP. Based on the docking results, we identified structure-based pharmacophore characteristics resistant to potent FLT3 inhibitors. The best hypothesis was corroborated using test and decoy sets, and the verified hypo was utilized to screen the chemical database. The hits from the pharmacophore-based screening were then screened again using a structure-based method that included molecular docking at various precisions; the selected molecules were further examined and refined using drug-like filters and ADMET analysis. Finally, two hits were picked out for molecular dynamic simulation. The results showed two hits were expected to have potent inhibitory activity and excellent ADMET characteristics, and they might be used as new leads in the development of FLT3 inhibitors.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mebarka Ouassaf
- Group of Computational and Medicinal Chemistry, LMCE Laboratory, University of Biskra, Biskra, Algeria
| | - Ossama Daoui
- Laboratory of Engineering, Systems, and Applications, National School of Applied Sciences, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah-Fez University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Sarfaraz Alam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterlo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Souad Elkhattabi
- Laboratory of Engineering, Systems, and Applications, National School of Applied Sciences, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah-Fez University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Salah Belaidi
- Group of Computational and Medicinal Chemistry, LMCE Laboratory, University of Biskra, Biskra, Algeria
| | - Samir Chtita
- Laboratory of Analytical and Molecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences Ben M'Sik, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
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6
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Břehová P, Řezníčková E, Škach K, Jorda R, Dejmek M, Vojáčková V, Šála M, Kovalová M, Dračínský M, Dolníková A, Strmeň T, Kinnertová M, Chalupský K, Dvořáková A, Gucký T, Mertlíková Kaiserová H, Klener P, Nencka R, Kryštof V. Inhibition of FLT3-ITD Kinase in Acute Myeloid Leukemia by New Imidazo[1,2- b]pyridazine Derivatives Identified by Scaffold Hopping. J Med Chem 2023; 66:11133-11157. [PMID: 37535845 PMCID: PMC10461230 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
FLT3 kinase is a potential drug target in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Patients with FLT3 mutations typically have higher relapse rates and worse outcomes than patients without FLT3 mutations. In this study, we investigated the suitability of various heterocycles as central cores of FLT3 inhibitors, including thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine, pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine, imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine, pyrido[4,3-d]pyrimidine, and imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine. Our assays revealed a series of imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazines with high potency against FLT3. Compound 34f showed nanomolar inhibitory activity against recombinant FLT3-ITD and FLT3-D835Y (IC50 values 4 and 1 nM, respectively) as well as in the FLT3-ITD-positive AML cell lines MV4-11, MOLM-13, and MOLM-13 expressing the FLT3-ITD-D835Y mutant (GI50 values of 7, 9, and 4 nM, respectively). In contrast, FLT3-independent cell lines were much less sensitive. In vitro experiments confirmed suppression of FLT3 downstream signaling pathways. Finally, the treatment of MV4-11 xenograft-bearing mice with 34f at doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg markedly blocked tumor growth without any adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Břehová
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Řezníčková
- Department
of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech
Republic
| | - Kryštof Škach
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Jorda
- Department
of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech
Republic
| | - Milan Dejmek
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Vojáčková
- Department
of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech
Republic
| | - Michal Šála
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Markéta Kovalová
- Department
of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech
Republic
| | - Martin Dračínský
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alexandra Dolníková
- Institute
of Pathological Physiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 12108 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Timotej Strmeň
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Kinnertová
- Department
of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech
Republic
| | - Karel Chalupský
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alexandra Dvořáková
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Gucký
- Department
of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech
Republic
| | - Helena Mertlíková Kaiserová
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Klener
- Institute
of Pathological Physiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 12108 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radim Nencka
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Kryštof
- Department
of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech
Republic
- Institute
of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Hněvotínská 5, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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7
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JiaXin Y, XiaoFeng C, PengFei C, Songchen Z, Ziling L. Repeatedly next-generation sequencing during treatment follow-up of patients with small cell lung cancer. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e34143. [PMID: 37390276 PMCID: PMC10313243 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000034143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Somatic alterations in tumors are a frequent occurrence. In small cell lung cancer (SCLC), these include mutations in the tumor suppressors TP53 and retinoblastoma (RB1). We used next generation sequencing (NGS) to study specific genetic variants and compare genetic and clinicopathological features of SCLC with healthy control genome. Ten SCLC patients receiving standard chemotherapy, between 2018 and 2019, from the First Hospital of Jilin University were included in this study. Prior patient treatment, NGS was performed using DNA isolated from blood plasma. New NGS analyses were performed after 2 and 4 treatment cycles. Four patients presented with different metastases at diagnosis. Overall, most genes tested presented missense or frameshift variants. TP53, RB1, CREBBP, FAT1 genes presented gain of stop codons. At the single-gene level, the most frequently altered genes were TP53 (8/10 patients, 80%) and RB1 (4/10 patients, 40%), followed by bromodomain containing 4 (BRD4), CREBBP, FAT1, FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3), KDR, poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP1), PIK3R2, ROS1, and splicing factor 3b subunit 1 (SF3B1) (2/10 patients, 20%). We identified 5 genes, which have not been previously reported to bear mutations in the context of SCLC. These genes include BRD4, PARP1, FLT3, KDR, and SF3B1. We observed that among the studied individuals, patients with a high number of genetic events, and in which such mutations were not eradicated after treatment, showed a worse prognosis. There has not yet been given enough attention to the above-mentioned genes in SCLC, which will have great clinical prospects for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin JiaXin
- First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Cong XiaoFeng
- First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Cui PengFei
- First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhao Songchen
- First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Liu Ziling
- First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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8
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Garciaz S, Hospital MA. FMS-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3 Inhibitors in the Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia: An Update on the Emerging Evidence and Safety Profile. Onco Targets Ther 2023; 16:31-45. [PMID: 36698434 PMCID: PMC9869913 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s236740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) is one of the most frequently mutated genes in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Approximately 30% of the adult cases harbor an internal tandem duplication (FLT3-ITD) and 5-10% a tyrosine kinase domain (TKD) amino acid substitution (FLT3-TKD). The treatment paradigm of AML patients harboring FLT3 mutations (30%) has been modified by the discovery of tyrosine kinase inhibitors. First- and second-generation inhibitors classify FLT3 inhibitors according to FLT3 specificity: first-generation FLT3 inhibitors include sorafenib and midostaurin and second-generation inhibitors are represented by quizartinib, gilteritinib and crenolanib, among others. Activity of these inhibitors depends on their mechanism of receptor binding (active vs inactive conformation) and efficacy against the FLT3-ITD and -TKD mutations (type 1 inhibitors are active both on FLT3-ITD and TKD, whereas type 2 inhibitors are active only on FLT3-ITD). The FLT3 inhibitors sorafenib, midostaurin, quizartinib and gilteritinib have been tested in monotherapy in several settings including refractory or relapsed AML (R/R AML), post-transplant maintenance as well as in combination with intensive chemotherapy (ICT) or non-intensity regimens. The results of published randomized studies support the use of sorafenib in a post-transplant setting (SORMAIN trial), midostaurin in combination with ICT based (RATIFY trial) and gilteritinib for R/R AML (ADMIRAL trial). Gilteritinib in combination with hypomethylating agent as well as quizartinib are not supported by solid randomized trial results for their use in FLT3-mutated AML patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Garciaz
- Department of Hematology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7258, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, INSERM U1068, Marseille, France,Correspondence: Sylvain Garciaz, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Hematology Department, 232 Bd Sainte-Marguerite, Marseille, 13009, France, Tel + 33 4 91 22 37 54, Fax + 33 4 91 22 30 63, Email
| | - Marie-Anne Hospital
- Department of Hematology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7258, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, INSERM U1068, Marseille, France
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9
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Egbuna C, Patrick-Iwuanyanwu KC, Onyeike EN, Khan J, Alshehri B. FMS-like tyrosine kinase-3 (FLT3) inhibitors with better binding affinity and ADMET properties than sorafenib and gilteritinib against acute myeloid leukemia: in silico studies. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:12248-12259. [PMID: 34486940 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1969286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Over 30-35% of patients down with AML are caused by mutations of FLT3-ITD and FLT3-TKD which keeps the protein activated while it activates other signaling proteins downstream that are involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. As drug targets, many inhibitors are already in clinical practice. Unfortunately, the average overall survival rate for patients on medication suffering from AML is 5 years despite the huge efforts in this field. To perform docking simulation and ADMET studies on selected phytochemicals against FLT3 protein receptor for drug discovery against FLT3 induced AML, molecular docking simulation was performed using human FLT3 protein target (PDB ID: 6JQR) and 313 phytochemicals with standard anticancer drugs (Sorafenib and Gilteritinib in addition to other anticancer drugs). The crystal structure of the protein was downloaded from the protein data bank and prepared using Biovia Discovery Studio. The chemical structures of the phytochemicals were downloaded from the NCBI PubChem database and prepared using Open Babel and VConf softwares. Molecular docking was performed using PyRx on Autodock Vina. The ADMET properties of the best performing compounds were calculated using SwissADME and pkCMS web servers. The results obtained showed that glabridin, ellipticine and derivatives (elliptinium and 9-methoxyellipticine), mezerein, ursolic acid, formononetin, cycloartocarpesin, hypericin, silymarin, and indirubin are the best performing compounds better than sorafenib and gilteritinib based on their binding affinities. The top-performing compounds which had better binding and ADMET properties than sorafenib and gilteritinib could serve as scaffolds or leads for new drug discovery against FLT3 induced AML.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chukwuebuka Egbuna
- Africa Centre of Excellence in Public Health and Toxicological Research (ACE-PUTOR), University of Port-Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Uli, Anambra State, Nigeria
| | - Kingsley C Patrick-Iwuanyanwu
- Africa Centre of Excellence in Public Health and Toxicological Research (ACE-PUTOR), University of Port-Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
| | - Eugene N Onyeike
- Africa Centre of Excellence in Public Health and Toxicological Research (ACE-PUTOR), University of Port-Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
| | - Johra Khan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah, Saudia Arabia.,Health and Basic Sciences Research Center, Majmaah University, Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bader Alshehri
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah, Saudia Arabia.,Health and Basic Sciences Research Center, Majmaah University, Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
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10
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Gimeno M, San José-Enériz E, Villar S, Agirre X, Prosper F, Rubio A, Carazo F. Explainable artificial intelligence for precision medicine in acute myeloid leukemia. Front Immunol 2022; 13:977358. [PMID: 36248800 PMCID: PMC9556772 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.977358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) can unveil novel personalized treatments based on drug screening and whole-exome sequencing experiments (WES). However, the concept of “black box” in AI limits the potential of this approach to be translated into the clinical practice. In contrast, explainable AI (XAI) focuses on making AI results understandable to humans. Here, we present a novel XAI method -called multi-dimensional module optimization (MOM)- that associates drug screening with genetic events, while guaranteeing that predictions are interpretable and robust. We applied MOM to an acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cohort of 319 ex-vivo tumor samples with 122 screened drugs and WES. MOM returned a therapeutic strategy based on the FLT3, CBFβ-MYH11, and NRAS status, which predicted AML patient response to Quizartinib, Trametinib, Selumetinib, and Crizotinib. We successfully validated the results in three different large-scale screening experiments. We believe that XAI will help healthcare providers and drug regulators better understand AI medical decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Gimeno
- Departamento de Ingeniería Biomédica y Ciencias, TECNUN, Universidad de Navarra, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Edurne San José-Enériz
- Programa Hemato-Oncología, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Villar
- Departamento de Hematología and CCUN (Cancer Center University of Navarra), Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Xabier Agirre
- Programa Hemato-Oncología, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Felipe Prosper
- Programa Hemato-Oncología, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Hematología and CCUN (Cancer Center University of Navarra), Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Angel Rubio
- Departamento de Ingeniería Biomédica y Ciencias, TECNUN, Universidad de Navarra, San Sebastián, Spain
- Instituto de Ciencia de los Datos e Inteligencia Artificial (DATAI), Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- *Correspondence: Angel Rubio, ; Fernando Carazo,
| | - Fernando Carazo
- Departamento de Ingeniería Biomédica y Ciencias, TECNUN, Universidad de Navarra, San Sebastián, Spain
- Instituto de Ciencia de los Datos e Inteligencia Artificial (DATAI), Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- *Correspondence: Angel Rubio, ; Fernando Carazo,
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11
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Zhong L, Li Y, Xiong L, Wang W, Wu M, Yuan T, Yang W, Tian C, Miao Z, Wang T, Yang S. Small molecules in targeted cancer therapy: advances, challenges, and future perspectives. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:201. [PMID: 34054126 PMCID: PMC8165101 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00572-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 611] [Impact Index Per Article: 203.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the advantages in efficacy and safety compared with traditional chemotherapy drugs, targeted therapeutic drugs have become mainstream cancer treatments. Since the first tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib was approved to enter the market by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2001, an increasing number of small-molecule targeted drugs have been developed for the treatment of malignancies. By December 2020, 89 small-molecule targeted antitumor drugs have been approved by the US FDA and the National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) of China. Despite great progress, small-molecule targeted anti-cancer drugs still face many challenges, such as a low response rate and drug resistance. To better promote the development of targeted anti-cancer drugs, we conducted a comprehensive review of small-molecule targeted anti-cancer drugs according to the target classification. We present all the approved drugs as well as important drug candidates in clinical trials for each target, discuss the current challenges, and provide insights and perspectives for the research and development of anti-cancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueshan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Yuan
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenyu Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuang Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengyong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Ampelopsin Inhibits Cell Proliferation and Induces Apoptosis in HL60 and K562 Leukemia Cells by Downregulating AKT and NF-κB Signaling Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084265. [PMID: 33924032 PMCID: PMC8073078 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukemia is a type of blood cancer caused by the rapid proliferation of abnormal white blood cells. Currently, several treatment options, including chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and bone marrow transplantation, are used to treat leukemia, but the morbidity and mortality rates of patients with leukemia are still high. Therefore, there is still a need to develop more selective and less toxic drugs for the effective treatment of leukemia. Ampelopsin, also known as dihydromyricetin, is a plant-derived flavonoid that possesses multiple pharmacological functions, including antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, antiangiogenic, and anticancer activities. However, the anticancer effect and mechanism of action of ampelopsin in leukemia remain unclear. In this study, we evaluated the antileukemic effect of ampelopsin against acute promyelocytic HL60 and chronic myelogenous K562 leukemia cells. Ampelopsin significantly inhibited the proliferation of both leukemia cell lines at concentrations that did not affect normal cell viability. Ampelopsin induced cell cycle arrest at the sub-G1 phase in HL60 cells but the S phase in K562 cells. In addition, ampelopsin regulated the expression of cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), and CDK inhibitors differently in each leukemia cell. Ampelopsin also induced apoptosis in both leukemia cell lines through nuclear condensation, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, activation of caspase-9, caspase-3, and poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP), and regulation of Bcl-2 family members. Furthermore, the antileukemic effect of ampelopsin was associated with the downregulation of AKT and NF-κB signaling pathways. Moreover, ampelopsin suppressed the expression levels of leukemia stemness markers, such as Oct4, Sox2, CD44, and CD133. Taken together, our findings suggest that ampelopsin may be an attractive chemotherapeutic agent against leukemia.
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13
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Marjoncu D, Andrick B. Gilteritinib: A Novel FLT3 Inhibitor for Relapsed/Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia. J Adv Pract Oncol 2021; 11:104-108. [PMID: 33542854 PMCID: PMC7517771 DOI: 10.6004/jadpro.2020.11.1.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common adult leukemia, with an overall poor prognosis. New agents targeting various receptors may improve treatment outcomes and overall survival. FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) is a targetable mutation occurring in one third of AML patients. It contributes to increased tumor proliferation and decreased cellular differentiation, ultimately conferring a poor overall prognosis. Among patients with FLT3-positive relapsed/refractory AML, outcomes are particularly dismal. Gilteritinib is a novel, second-generation FLT3 inhibitor approved by the U.S. Food & Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of relapsed/refractory AML with an FLT3 mutation as detected by an FDA-approved test.
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14
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Yen SC, Chen LC, Huang HL, Ngo ST, Wu YW, Lin TE, Sung TY, Lien ST, Tseng HJ, Pan SL, Huang WJ, Hsu KC. Investigation of Selected Flavonoid Derivatives as Potent FLT3 Inhibitors for the Potential Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2021; 84:1-10. [PMID: 33393294 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c00589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive disease with a poor prognosis and a high degree of relapse seen in patients. Overexpression of FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) is associated with up to 70% of AML patients. Wild-type FLT3 induces proliferation and inhibits apoptosis in AML cells, while uncontrolled proliferation of FLT3 kinase activity is also associated with FLT3 mutations. Therefore, inhibiting FLT3 activity is a promising AML therapy. Flavonoids are a group of phytochemicals that can target protein kinases, suggesting their potential antitumor activities. In this study, several plant-derived flavonoids have been identified with FLT3 inhibitory activity. Among these compounds, compound 40 (5,7,4'-trihydroxy-6-methoxyflavone) exhibited the most potent inhibition against not only FLT3 (IC50 = 0.44 μM) but also FLT3-D835Y and FLT3-ITD mutants (IC50 = 0.23 and 0.39 μM, respectively). The critical interactions between the FLT3 binding site and the compounds were identified by performing a structure-activity relationship analysis. Furthermore, the results of cellular assays revealed that compounds 28, 31, 32, and 40 exhibited significant cytotoxicity against two human AML cell lines (MOLM-13 and MV-4-11), and compounds 31, 32, and 40 resulted in cell apoptosis and G0/G1 cell cycle arrest. Collectively, these flavonoids have the potential to be further optimized as FLT3 inhibitors and provide valuable chemical information for the development of new AML drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Chung Yen
- Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang-Chieh Chen
- Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Han-Li Huang
- Ph.D. Program in Biotechnology Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Biomedical Commercialization Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sin-Ting Ngo
- Ph.D. Program in Biotechnology Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wen Wu
- Ph.D. Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tony Eight Lin
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Master Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ying Sung
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, College of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ssu-Ting Lien
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ju Tseng
- Ph.D. Program in Biotechnology Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shiow-Lin Pan
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Biotechnology Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Biomedical Commercialization Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Jan Huang
- Ph.D. Program in Biotechnology Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program for the Clinical Drug Discovery from Botanical Herbs, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Cheng Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Biotechnology Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Biomedical Commercialization Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Cancer Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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15
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Sunitinib in Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (mCRC) with FLT-3 Amplification: Results from the Targeted Agent and Profiling Utilization Registry (TAPUR) Study. Target Oncol 2020; 15:743-750. [DOI: 10.1007/s11523-020-00752-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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16
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Fedratinib, a newly approved treatment for patients with myeloproliferative neoplasm-associated myelofibrosis. Leukemia 2020; 35:1-17. [PMID: 32647323 PMCID: PMC7787977 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-020-0954-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN)-associated myelofibrosis (MF) is characterized by cytopenias, marrow fibrosis, constitutional symptoms, extramedullary hematopoiesis, splenomegaly, and shortened survival. Constitutive activation of the janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling pathway in MF leads to cell proliferation, inhibition of cell death, and clonal expansion of myeloproliferative malignant cells. Fedratinib is a selective oral JAK2 inhibitor recently approved in the United States for treatment of adult patients with intermediate-2 or high-risk MF. In mouse models of JAK2V617F-driven myeloproliferative disease, fedratinib blocked phosphorylation of STAT5, increased survival, and improved MF-associated disease features, including reduction of white blood cell counts, hematocrit, splenomegaly, and fibrosis. Fedratinib exerts off-target inhibitory activity against bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4); combination JAK/STAT and BRD4 inhibition was shown to synergistically block NF-kB hyperactivation and inflammatory cytokine production, attenuating disease burden and reversing bone marrow fibrosis in animal models of MPNs. In patients, fedratinib is rapidly absorbed and dosed once daily (effective half-life 41 h). Fedratinib showed robust clinical activity in JAK-inhibitor-naïve patients and in patients with MF who were relapsed, refractory, or intolerant to prior ruxolitinib therapy. Fedratinib is effective regardless of JAK2 mutation status. Onset of spleen and symptom responses are typically seen within the first 1–2 months of treatment. The most common adverse events (AEs) with fedratinib are grades 1–2 gastrointestinal events, which are most frequent during early treatment and decrease over time. Treatment discontinuation due to hematologic AEs in clinical trials was uncommon (~3%). Suspected cases of Wernicke’s encephalopathy were reported during fedratinib trials in ~1% of patients; thiamine levels should be monitored before and during fedratinib treatment as medically indicated. Phase III trials are ongoing to assess fedratinib effects on long-term safety, efficacy, and overall survival. The recent approval of fedratinib provides a much-needed addition to the limited therapeutic options available for patients with MF.
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17
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Bhujbal SP, Keretsu S, Cho SJ. Design of New Therapeutic Agents Targeting FLT3 Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Using Molecular Docking and 3D-QSAR Approach. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180816666190618104632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
FMS-like tyrosine kinase-3 (FLT3) belongs to the class III Receptor
Tyrosine Kinase (RTK) family. FLT3 is involved in normal hematopoiesis and is generally
expressed in early hematopoietic progenitor cells. Mutations either with an internal tandem
duplication of FMS-like tyrosine kinase-3 (FLT3-ITD) or point mutation at the activation loop leads
to the Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML), a highly heterogeneous disease. Thus, FLT3 is an important
therapeutic target for AML.
Method:
In the present work, docking and 3D-QSAR techniques were performed on a series of
diaminopyrimidine derivatives as FLT3 kinase antagonists.
Results:
Docking study recognized important active site residues such as Leu616, Gly617, Val624,
Ala642, Phe830, Tyr693, Cys694, Cys695, Tyr696 and Gly697 that participate in the inhibition of
FLT3 kinase. Receptor-based CoMFA, RF-CoMFA and CoMSIA models were developed. RFCoMFA
model revealed relatively better statistical results compared to other models. Furthermore,
the selected RF-CoMFA model was evaluated using various validation techniques. Contour maps of
the RF-CoMFA illustrated that steric and electronegative substitutions were favored at R1 position
whereas steric and electropositive substitutions were favored at R2 position to enhance the potency.
Conclusion:
Based on the designed strategy, we derived from the contour map analysis, 14 novel
FLT3 inhibitors were designed and their activities were predicted. These designed inhibitors
exhibited more potent activity than the most active compounds of the dataset.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Seketoulie Keretsu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Korea
| | - Seung Joo Cho
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Korea
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18
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Development of UHPLC-MS/MS Method for Indirubin-3'-Oxime Derivative as a Novel FLT3 Inhibitor and Pharmacokinetic Study in Rats. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25092039. [PMID: 32349415 PMCID: PMC7248905 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to develop and validate a sensitive liquid chromatography-coupled tandem mass spectrometry method for the quantification of LDD-2614, an indirubin derivative and novel FLT3 inhibitor, in rat plasma. In addition, the developed analytical method was applied to observe the pharmacokinetic properties of LDD-2614. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a Luna omega C18 column using a mixture of water and acetonitrile, both containing 0.1% formic acid. Quantitation was performed using positive electrospray ionization in a multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. The MRM transitions were optimized as m/z 426.2→113.1 for LDD-2614 and m/z 390.2→113.1 for LDD-2633 (internal standard), and the lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) for LDD-2614 was determined as 0.1 ng/mL. Including the LLOQ, the nine-point calibration curve was linear with a correlation coefficient greater than 0.9991. Inter- and intraday accuracies (RE) ranged from -3.19% to 8.72%, and the precision was within 9.02%. All validation results (accuracy, precision, matrix effect, recovery, stability, and dilution integrity) met the acceptance criteria of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and the Korea Ministry of Food and Drug Safety guidelines. The proposed method was validated and demonstrated to be suitable for the quantification of LDD-2614 for pharmacokinetics studies.
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19
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Weisberg E, Meng C, Case AE, Tiv HL, Gokhale PC, Buhrlage SJ, Yang J, Liu X, Wang J, Gray N, Adamia S, Sattler M, Stone R, Griffin JD. Effects of the multi-kinase inhibitor midostaurin in combination with chemotherapy in models of acute myeloid leukaemia. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:2968-2980. [PMID: 31967735 PMCID: PMC7077552 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, several targeted agents have been developed for specific subsets of patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), including midostaurin, the first FDA‐approved FLT3 inhibitor for newly diagnosed patients with FLT3 mutations. However, in the initial Phase I/II clinical trials, some patients without FLT3 mutations had transient responses to midostaurin, suggesting that this multi‐targeted kinase inhibitor might benefit AML patients more broadly. Here, we demonstrate submicromolar efficacy of midostaurin in vitro and efficacy in vivo against wild‐type (wt) FLT3‐expressing AML cell lines and primary cells, and we compare its effectiveness with that of other FLT3 inhibitors currently in clinical trials. Midostaurin was found to synergize with standard chemotherapeutic drugs and some targeted agents against AML cells without mutations in FLT3. The mechanism may involve, in part, the unique kinase profile of midostaurin that includes proteins implicated in AML transformation, such as SYK or KIT, or inhibition of ERK pathway or proviability signalling. Our findings support further investigation of midostaurin as a chemosensitizing agent in AML patients without FLT3 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Weisberg
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chengcheng Meng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Abigail E Case
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hong L Tiv
- Experimental Therapeutic Core, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Prafulla C Gokhale
- Experimental Therapeutic Core, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sara J Buhrlage
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xiaoxi Liu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jinhua Wang
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nathanael Gray
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sophia Adamia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martin Sattler
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richard Stone
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James D Griffin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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20
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Brachet-Botineau M, Polomski M, Neubauer HA, Juen L, Hédou D, Viaud-Massuard MC, Prié G, Gouilleux F. Pharmacological Inhibition of Oncogenic STAT3 and STAT5 Signaling in Hematopoietic Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E240. [PMID: 31963765 PMCID: PMC7016966 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT) 3 and 5 are important effectors of cellular transformation, and aberrant STAT3 and STAT5 signaling have been demonstrated in hematopoietic cancers. STAT3 and STAT5 are common targets for different tyrosine kinase oncogenes (TKOs). In addition, STAT3 and STAT5 proteins were shown to contain activating mutations in some rare but aggressive leukemias/lymphomas. Both proteins also contribute to drug resistance in hematopoietic malignancies and are now well recognized as major targets in cancer treatment. The development of inhibitors targeting STAT3 and STAT5 has been the subject of intense investigations during the last decade. This review summarizes the current knowledge of oncogenic STAT3 and STAT5 functions in hematopoietic cancers as well as advances in preclinical and clinical development of pharmacological inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Brachet-Botineau
- Leukemic Niche and Oxidative metabolism (LNOx), CNRS ERL 7001, University of Tours, 37000 Tours, France;
| | - Marion Polomski
- Innovation Moléculaire et Thérapeutique (IMT), EA 7501, University of Tours, 37000 Tours, France; (M.P.); (L.J.); (D.H.); (M.-C.V.-M.); (G.P.)
| | - Heidi A. Neubauer
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, A-1210 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Ludovic Juen
- Innovation Moléculaire et Thérapeutique (IMT), EA 7501, University of Tours, 37000 Tours, France; (M.P.); (L.J.); (D.H.); (M.-C.V.-M.); (G.P.)
| | - Damien Hédou
- Innovation Moléculaire et Thérapeutique (IMT), EA 7501, University of Tours, 37000 Tours, France; (M.P.); (L.J.); (D.H.); (M.-C.V.-M.); (G.P.)
| | - Marie-Claude Viaud-Massuard
- Innovation Moléculaire et Thérapeutique (IMT), EA 7501, University of Tours, 37000 Tours, France; (M.P.); (L.J.); (D.H.); (M.-C.V.-M.); (G.P.)
| | - Gildas Prié
- Innovation Moléculaire et Thérapeutique (IMT), EA 7501, University of Tours, 37000 Tours, France; (M.P.); (L.J.); (D.H.); (M.-C.V.-M.); (G.P.)
| | - Fabrice Gouilleux
- Leukemic Niche and Oxidative metabolism (LNOx), CNRS ERL 7001, University of Tours, 37000 Tours, France;
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21
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Sami SA, Darwish NHE, Barile ANM, Mousa SA. Current and Future Molecular Targets for Acute Myeloid Leukemia Therapy. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2020; 21:3. [PMID: 31933183 DOI: 10.1007/s11864-019-0694-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) disease prognosis is poor and there is a high risk of chemo-resistant relapse for both young and old patients. Thus, there is a demand for alternative and target-specific drugs to improve the 5-year survival rate. Current treatment mainstays include chemotherapy, or mutation-specific targeting molecules including FLT3 inhibitors, IDH inhibitors, and monoclonal antibodies. Efforts to devise new, targeted therapy have included recent advances in methods for high-throughput genomic screening and the availability of computer-assisted techniques for the design of novel agents predicted to specifically inhibit mutant molecules involved in leukemogenesis. Crosstalk between the leukemia cells and the bone marrow microenvironment through cell surface molecules, such as the integrins αvβ3 and αvβ5, might influence drug response and AML progression. This review article focuses on current AML treatment options, new AML targeted therapies, the role of integrins in AML progression, and a potential therapeutic agent-integrin αvβ3 antagonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaheedul A Sami
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, 1 Discovery Drive, Rensselaer, NY, USA
| | - Noureldien H E Darwish
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, 1 Discovery Drive, Rensselaer, NY, USA.,Hematology Unit, Clinical Pathology Department, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Amanda N M Barile
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, 1 Discovery Drive, Rensselaer, NY, USA
| | - Shaker A Mousa
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, 1 Discovery Drive, Rensselaer, NY, USA.
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22
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Ferrara F, Picardi A. Is outcome of older people with acute myeloid leukemia improving with new therapeutic approaches and stem cell transplantation? Expert Rev Hematol 2020; 13:99-108. [PMID: 31922453 DOI: 10.1080/17474086.2020.1715207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The clinical outcome of older patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is still poor, especially for those who are unfit to treatments aimed at altering the natural course of the disease. Hypomethylating agents (HMA) offer an important therapeutic opportunity to a consistent number of patients, but long-term results are largely unsatisfactory.Area covered: Recently, a number of new agents have been registered for AML, some of which selectively available for older patient population, with promising results in terms of response rate and survival. Furthermore, the upper age limit for allogeneic stem cell transplantation is constantly increasing, so that this procedure is offered and actually given to an increasing number of older patients with AML. A literature review was conducted of the PubMed database for articles published in English as well as for abstracts from most important and recent hematology meetings on AML in older patients.Expert opinion: Appropriate selection among different options on the basis of clinical fitness and molecular findings at diagnosis as well as at relapse would result in improvement of therapeutic results, sparing unnecessary toxicity and optimizing health systems resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicetto Ferrara
- Division of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation Program, AORN Cardarelli Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandra Picardi
- Division of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation Program, AORN Cardarelli Hospital, Naples, Italy.,Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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23
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Kawase T, Nakazawa T, Eguchi T, Tsuzuki H, Ueno Y, Amano Y, Suzuki T, Mori M, Yoshida T. Effect of Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) ligand (FL) on antitumor activity of gilteritinib, a FLT3 inhibitor, in mice xenografted with FL-overexpressing cells. Oncotarget 2019; 10:6111-6123. [PMID: 31692922 PMCID: PMC6817455 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic effects of FLT3 inhibitors have been reported in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with constitutively activating FLT3 mutations, including internal tandem duplication (ITD) and point mutation, which are found in approximately one-third of AML patients. One of the critical issues of treatment with FLT3 inhibitors in FLT3-mutated AML is drug resistance. FLT3 ligand (FL) represents a mechanism of resistance to FLT3 inhibitors, including quizartinib, midostaurin, and sorafenib, in AML cells harboring both wild-type and mutant FLT3 (FLT3wt/FLT3mut). Here, we investigated the effect of FL on the efficacy of gilteritinib, a FLT3 inhibitor, in AML-derived cells in vitro and in mice. In contrast to other FLT3 inhibitors, FL stimulation had little effect on growth inhibition or apoptosis induction by gilteritinib. The antitumor activity of gilteritinib was also comparable between xenograft mouse models injected with FL-expressing and mock MOLM-13 cells. In the FLT3 signaling analyses, gilteritinib inhibited FLT3wt and FLT3-ITD to a similar degree in HEK293 and Ba/F3 cells, and similarly suppressed FLT3 downstream signaling molecules (including ERK1/2 and STAT5) in both the presence and absence of FL in MOLM-13 cells. Co-crystal structure analysis showed that gilteritinib bound to the ATP-binding pocket of FLT3. These results suggest that gilteritinib has therapeutic potential in FLT3-mutated AML patients with FL overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Kawase
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Taisuke Nakazawa
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Eguchi
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Tsuzuki
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yoko Ueno
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yasushi Amano
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Suzuki
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masamichi Mori
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Taku Yoshida
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, Japan
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24
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Sun Y, Xia Z, Zhao Q, Zheng B, Zhang M, Ying Y. Insights Into the Resistance Mechanisms of Inhibitors to FLT3 F691L Mutation via an Integrated Computational Approach. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1050. [PMID: 31619996 PMCID: PMC6763581 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Research has shown that FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) may be a vital drug target for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, even though the clinically relevant F691L gatekeeper mutation conferred resistance to current FLT3 drug quizartinib, PLX3397 remained unaffected. In this study, the protein–ligand interactions between FLT3 kinase domain (wild-type or F691L) and quizartinib or PLX3397 were compared via an integrated computational approach. The classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations in conjunction with dynamic cross-correlation (DCC) analysis, solvent-accessible surface area (SASA), and free energy calculations indicated that the resistant mutation may induce the conformational change of αC-helix and A-loop of the FLT3 protein. The major variations were controlled by the electrostatic interaction and SASA, which were allosterically regulated by residues Glu-661 and Asp-829. When FLT3-F691L was bound to quizartinib, a large conformational change was observed via combination of accelerated MD simulations (aMDs), principal component analysis (PCA), and free energy landscape (FEL) calculations. The umbrella sampling (US) simulations were applied to investigate the dissociation processes of the quizartinib or PLX3397 from FLT3-WT and FLT3-F691L. The calculated results suggested that PLX3397 had similar dissociation processes from both FLT3-WT and FLT3-F691L, but quizartinib dissociated more easily from FLT3-F691L than from FLT3-WT. Thus, reduced residence time was responsible for the FLT3-F691L resistance to inhibitors. These findings indicated that both the conformational changes of αC-helix and A-loop and the drug residence time should be considered in the design of drugs so that rational decisions can be made to overcome resistance to FLT3-F691L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhongni Xia
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qinqin Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bei Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meiling Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yin Ying
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
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25
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Zhang L, Chen T, Dou Y, Zhang S, Liu H, Khishignyam T, Li X, Zuo D, Zhang Z, Jin M, Wang R, Qiu Y, Zhong Y, Kong D. Atorvastatin Exerts Antileukemia Activity via Inhibiting Mevalonate-YAP Axis in K562 and HL60 Cells. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1032. [PMID: 31649888 PMCID: PMC6794561 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel therapeutic strategies are still urgently expected for leukemia despite undisputed success of various targeted therapeutics. The antileukemia activity of Atorvastatin, a 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitor, on human leukemia cells was investigated. Atorvastatin inhibited K562 and HL60 cell proliferation, induced G2/M cell cycle arrest in K562 cells by down-regulating cyclinB1 and cdc2, but G0/G1 arrest in HL60 cells by up-regulating p27 and down-regulating cyclinD1 and p-pRb. Atorvastatin also induced apoptosis in both cell lines, in which the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-related mitochondrial apoptotic signaling might be involved, with increase of ROS and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), release of cytochrome C into cytosol, and activation of Bax/Caspase-9/Caspase-3/PARP pathway. Inhibition of YAP nuclear localization and activation by Atorvastatin was reversed by the addition of mevalonate, GGPP, or FPP. Further, the effects on cell cycle arrest- and apoptosis- related proteins by Atorvastatin were alleviated by addition of mevalonate, suggesting the antileukemia effect of Atorvastatin might be through mevalonate-YAP axis in K562 and HL60 cells. Our results suggest that Atorvastatin might be used for leukemia therapy while evidence of clinical efficacy is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yonghai Dou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shaolu Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Tungalagtamir Khishignyam
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaofei Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Duo Zuo
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Meihua Jin
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ran Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuling Qiu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - YuXu Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Dexin Kong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,School of Medicine, Tianjin Tianshi College, Tianyuan University, Tianjin, China
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26
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Tolomeo M, Meli M, Grimaudo S. STAT5 and STAT5 Inhibitors in Hematological Malignancies. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2019; 19:2036-2046. [PMID: 31490767 DOI: 10.2174/1871520619666190906160848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The JAK-STAT pathway is an important physiologic regulator of different cellular functions including proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, and immunological responses. Out of six different STAT proteins, STAT5 plays its main role in hematopoiesis and constitutive STAT5 activation seems to be a key event in the pathogenesis of several hematological malignancies. This has led many researchers to develop compounds capable of inhibiting STAT5 activation or interfering with its functions. Several anti-STAT5 molecules have shown potent STAT5 inhibitory activity in vitro. However, compared to the large amount of clinical studies with JAK inhibitors that are currently widely used in the clinics to treat myeloproliferative disorders, the clinical trials with STAT5 inhibitors are very limited. At present, a few STAT5 inhibitors are in phase I or II clinical trials for the treatment of leukemias and graft vs host disease. These studies seem to indicate that such compounds could be well tolerated and useful in reducing the occurrence of resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors in chronic myeloid leukemia. Of interest, STAT5 seems to play an important role in the regulation of hematopoietic stem cell self-renewal suggesting that combination therapies including STAT5 inhibitors can erode the cancer stem cell pool and possibly open the way for the complete cancer eradication. In this review, we discuss the implication of STAT5 in hematological malignancies and the results obtained with the novel STAT5 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manlio Tolomeo
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Meli
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Stefania Grimaudo
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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27
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Tallis E, Borthakur G. Novel treatments for relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia with FLT3 mutations. Expert Rev Hematol 2019; 12:621-640. [PMID: 31232619 DOI: 10.1080/17474086.2019.1635882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Mutations in the gene encoding for the FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) are present in about 30% of adults with AML and are associated with shorter disease-free and overall survival after initial therapy. Prognosis of relapsed/refractory AML with FLT3 mutations is even more dismal with median overall survival of a few months only. Areas covered: This review will cover current and emerging treatments for relapsed/refractory AML with FLT3 mutations, preclinical rationale and clinical trials with new encouraging data for this particularly challenging population. The authors discuss mechanisms of resistance to FLT3 inhibitors and how these insights serve to identify current and future treatments. As allogeneic stem cell transplant in the first remission is the preferred therapy for newly diagnosed AML patients with FLT3 mutations, the authors discuss the role of maintenance after SCT for the prevention of relapse. Expert opinion: Relapsed/refractory AML with FLT3 mutations remains a therapeutic challenge with currently available treatments. However, the evolution of targeted therapies with next-generation FLT3 inhibitors and their combinations with chemotherapy is showing much promise. Moreover, growing understanding of the pathways of resistance to treatment has led to the identification of various targeted therapies currently being explored, which in time will improve outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eran Tallis
- a Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Gautam Borthakur
- a Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA
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