1
|
Ren L, Chen D, Xu W, Xu T, Wei R, Suo L, Huang Y, Chen H, Liao W. Predictive potential of Nomogram based on GMWG for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma after radical resection. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:817. [PMID: 34266388 PMCID: PMC8283989 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08565-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Since it’s a challenging task to precisely predict the prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We developed a nomogram based on a novel indicator GMWG [(Geometric Mean of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) and white blood cell (WBC)] and explored its potential in the prognosis for HCC patients. Methods The patients enrolled in this study were randomly assigned to training and validation cohorts. And we performed the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator proportional hazards model (LASSO Cox) model with clinical characteristics, serum indexes, and novel GMWG. Multivariate analysis was performed to build a nomogram. The performance of the nomogram was evaluated by C-index, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), and the calibration curve. Kaplan-Meier curves showed discrimination of the nomogram. Clinical utility was assessed by decision curve analysis (DCA). The discrimination ability of the nomogram was determined by the net reclassification index (NRI). Results The geometric mean of GGT and white WBC count (GMWG), neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and tumor size were significantly associated with the overall survival (OS). The variables above were used to develop the nomogram. The indexes of nomogram were 0.70 and 071 in the training or validation cohort, respectively. AUC of 1-, 3- and 5-year OS showed satisfactory accuracy as well. The calibration curve showed agreement between the ideal and predicted values. Kaplan-Meier curves based on the overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) showed significant differences between nomogram predictive low and high groups. DCA showed clinical utilities while NRI showed discrimination ability in both training or validation cohort. Conclusions GMWG might be a potential prognostic indicator for patients with HCC. The nomogram containing GMWG also showed satisfaction prediction capacity. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-021-08565-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liying Ren
- Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongbo Chen
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Hepatology Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hepatitis C and Immunotherapy for Liver Disease, 100044, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wentao Xu
- Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingfeng Xu
- Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongyu Wei
- Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Liya Suo
- Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingze Huang
- Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongsong Chen
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Hepatology Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hepatitis C and Immunotherapy for Liver Disease, 100044, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Weijia Liao
- Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Llovet JM, De Baere T, Kulik L, Haber PK, Greten TF, Meyer T, Lencioni R. Locoregional therapies in the era of molecular and immune treatments for hepatocellular carcinoma. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 18:293-313. [PMID: 33510460 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-020-00395-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 419] [Impact Index Per Article: 139.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related mortality and has an increasing incidence worldwide. Locoregional therapies, defined as imaging-guided liver tumour-directed procedures, play a leading part in the management of 50-60% of HCCs. Radiofrequency is the mainstay for local ablation at early stages and transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) remains the standard treatment for intermediate-stage HCC. Other local ablative techniques (microwave ablation, cryoablation and irreversible electroporation) or locoregional therapies (for example, radioembolization and sterotactic body radiation therapy) have been explored, but have not yet modified the standard therapies established decades ago. This understanding is currently changing, and several drugs have been approved for the management of advanced HCC. Molecular therapies dominate the adjuvant trials after curative therapies and combination strategies with TACE for intermediate stages. The rationale for these combinations is sound. Local therapies induce antigen and proinflammatory cytokine release, whereas VEGF inhibitors and tyrosine kinase inhibitors boost immunity and prime tumours for checkpoint inhibition. In this Review, we analyse data from randomized and uncontrolled studies reported with ablative and locoregional techniques and examine the expected effects of combinations with systemic treatments. We also discuss trial design and benchmarks to be used as a reference for future investigations in the dawn of a promising new era for HCC treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josep M Llovet
- Mount Sinai Liver Cancer Program, Division of Liver Diseases, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA. .,Translational Research in Hepatic Oncology, Liver Unit, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. .,Institució Catalana d'Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Thierry De Baere
- Radiology Department Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Vilejuif, France.,University Paris-Saclay, Saint-Aubin, France
| | - Laura Kulik
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Surgery and Interventional Radiology in Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Philipp K Haber
- Mount Sinai Liver Cancer Program, Division of Liver Diseases, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tim F Greten
- Gastrointestinal Malignancy Section, Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tim Meyer
- Deptartment of Oncology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK.,Deptartment of Oncology, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - Riccardo Lencioni
- Department of Radiology, University of Pisa School of Medicine, Pisa, Italy.,Miami Cancer Institute, Miami, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|