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Malla RR, Nellipudi HR, Srilatha M, Nagaraju GP. HER-2 positive gastric cancer: Current targeted treatments. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 274:133247. [PMID: 38906351 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is highly metastatic and characterized by HER2 amplification. Aberrant HER2 expression drives metastasis, therapy resistance, and tumor recurrence. HER2 amplification contributes to drug resistance by upregulating DNA repair enzymes and drug afflux proteins, reducing drug efficacy. HER2 modulates transcription factors critical for cancer stem cell properties, further impacting drug resistance. HER2 activity is influenced by HER-family ligands, promoting oncogenic signaling. These features point to HER2 as a targetable driver in GC. This review outlines recent advances in HER2-mediated mechanisms and their upstream and downstream signaling pathways in GC. Additionally, it discusses preclinical research investigation that comprehends trastuzumab-sensitizing phytochemicals, chemotherapeutics, and nanoparticles as adjunct therapies. These developments hold promise for improving outcomes and enhancing the management of HER2-positive GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rama Rao Malla
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Bioinformatics, Institute of Science, Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam, AP 530045, India
| | | | - Mundla Srilatha
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati 517502, AP, India
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Vaghari-Tabari M, Jafari-Gharabaghlou D, Mohammadi M, Hashemzadeh MS. Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Cancer Chemotherapy: Helpful Tools for Enhancing Chemo-sensitivity and Reducing Side Effects? Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:1878-1900. [PMID: 37639166 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03803-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Cancer chemotherapy is still a serious challenge. Chemo-resistance and destructive side effects of chemotherapy drugs are the most critical limitations of chemotherapy. Chemo-resistance is the leading cause of chemotherapy failure. Chemo-resistance, which refers to the resistance of cancer cells to the anticancer effects of chemotherapy drugs, is caused by various reasons. Among the most important of these reasons is the increase in the efflux of chemotherapy drugs due to the rise in the expression and activity of ABC transporters, the weakening of apoptosis, and the strengthening of stemness. In the last decade, a significant number of studies focused on the application of nanotechnology in cancer treatment. Considering the anti-cancer properties of zinc, zinc oxide nanoparticles have received much attention in recent years. Some studies have indicated that zinc oxide nanoparticles can target the critical mechanisms of cancer chemo-resistance and enhance the effectiveness of chemotherapy drugs. These studies have shown that zinc oxide nanoparticles can reduce the activity of ABC transporters, increase DNA damage and apoptosis, and attenuate stemness in cancer cells, leading to enhanced chemo-sensitivity. Some other studies have also shown that zinc oxide nanoparticles in low doses can be helpful in minimizing the harmful side effects of chemotherapy drugs. In this article, after a brief overview of the mechanisms of chemo-resistance and anticancer effects of zinc, we will review all these studies in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Vaghari-Tabari
- Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davoud Jafari-Gharabaghlou
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mozafar Mohammadi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Coperchini F, Greco A, Croce L, Teliti M, Calì B, Chytiris S, Magri F, Rotondi M. Do PFCAs drive the establishment of thyroid cancer microenvironment? Effects of C6O4, PFOA and PFHxA exposure in two models of human thyroid cells in primary culture. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 187:108717. [PMID: 38728818 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to environmental pollutants is suspected to be one of the potential causes accounting for the increase in thyroid cancer (TC) incidence worldwide. Among the ubiquitous pollutants, per-polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), were demonstrated to exert thyroid disrupting effects. Perfluoroalkyl carboxylates (PFCAs) represent a subgroup of PFAS and include perfluoro carboxylic acids (PFOA and PFHxA) and perfluoropolyether carboxylic acid (C6O4). The potential relationship between exposure to PFCAs and TC was not yet fully elucidated. This in vitro study investigated whether certain PFCAs (C6O4, PFOA, and PFHxA) can influence the composition of TC microenvironment. METHODS Two models of normal thyroid cells in primary cultures: Adherent (A-NHT) and Spheroids (S-NHT) were employed. A-NHT and S-NHT were exposed to C6O4, PFOA or PFHxA (0; 0.01; 0.1, 1; 10; 100; 1000 ng/mL) to assess viability (WST-1 and AV/PI assay), evaluate spherification index (SI) and volume specifically in S-NHT. CXCL8 and CCL2 (mRNA and protein), and EMT-related genes were assessed in both models after exposure to PFCAs. RESULTS PFHxA reduced the viability of both A-NHT and S-NHT. None of the PFCAs interfered with the volume or spherification process in S-NHT. CXCL8 and CCL2 mRNA and protein levels were differently up-regulated by each PFCAs, being PFOA and PFHxA the stronger inducers. Moreover, among the tested PFCAs, PFHxA induced a more consistent increase in the mRNA levels of EMT-related genes. CONCLUSIONS This is the first evaluation of the effects of exposure to PFCAs on factors potentially involved in establishing the TC microenvironment. PFHxA modulated the TC microenvironment at three levels: cell viability, pro-tumorigenic chemokines, and EMT-genes. The results provide further evidence of the pro-tumorigenic effect of PFOA. On the other hand, a marginal effect was observed for C6O4 on pro-tumorigenic chemokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Coperchini
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - Alessia Greco
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - Laura Croce
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100, Italy; Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Laboratory for Endocrine Disruptors, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Marsida Teliti
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100, Italy; Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Laboratory for Endocrine Disruptors, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Benedetto Calì
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Department of General and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Pavia, (PV) 27100, Italy
| | - Spyridon Chytiris
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Laboratory for Endocrine Disruptors, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Flavia Magri
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100, Italy; Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Laboratory for Endocrine Disruptors, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Mario Rotondi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100, Italy; Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Laboratory for Endocrine Disruptors, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
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Dai Y, Wu Z, Chen Y, Ye X, Wang C, Zhu H. OCT4's role and mechanism underlying oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2023; 24:796-806. [PMID: 37701956 PMCID: PMC10500100 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2200602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), a common malignancy of the head and neck, ranks sixth worldwide in terms of cancers with the most negative impact, owing to tumor relapse rates, cervical lymphnode metastasis, and the lack of an efficacious systemic therapy. Its prognosis is poor, and its mortality rate is high. Octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (OCT4) is a member of the Pit-Oct-Unc (POU) family and is a key reprogramming factor that produces a marked effect in preserving the pluripotency and self-renewal state of embryonic stem cells (ESCs). According to recent studies, OCT4 participates in retaining the survival of OSCC cancer stem cells (CSCs), which has far-reaching implications for the occurrence, recurrence, metastasis, and prognosis of oral carcinogenesis. Therefore, we summarize the structure, subtypes, and function of OCT4 as well as its role in the occurrence, progression, and prognosis of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Dai
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ziqiong Wu
- School of Stomatology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Yitong Chen
- School of Stomatology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Xinjian Ye
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Chaowei Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Huiyong Zhu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.
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Manogaran P, Anandan A, Vijaya Padma V. Isoliensinine augments the therapeutic potential of paclitaxel in multidrug-resistant colon cancer stem cells and induced mitochondria-mediated cell death. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2023; 37:e23395. [PMID: 37424111 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Previously we have reported the isoliensinine (ISO) potentates the therapeutic potential of cisplatin in cisplatin resistant colorectal cancer stem cells. The present study evaluates the chemo-sensitizing potential of the combinatorial regimen of ISO and Paclitaxcel (PTX) on multidrug-resistant (MDR)-HCT-15 cells to reduce the dose requirement of both ISO and PTX. The results of the present study suggest that treatment with the combinatorial regimen of ISO and PTX enhanced the cytotoxic effect with resultant increase in apoptosis in MDR-HCT-15 cells as evident from the altered cellular morphology, G2/M cell cycle arrest, propidium iodide uptake, Annexin V, increased intracellular Ca2+ accumulation, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, diminished ATP production, PARP-1 cleavage, altered expression of ERK1/2, and apoptotic proteins. Treatment with combinatorial regimen of ISO and PTX also modulated the expression of the transcription factors SOX2, OCT4 which determine the stemness of cancer cells. Thus, results of the present study suggest that ISO and PTX combination regimen induces apoptosis in MDR-HCT-15 in a synergistic manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasath Manogaran
- Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Aparna Anandan
- Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
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Ding LN, Yu YY, Ma CJ, Lei CJ, Zhang HB. SOX2-associated signaling pathways regulate biological phenotypes of cancers. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 160:114336. [PMID: 36738502 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
SOX2 is a transcription factor involved in multiple stages of embryonic development. In related reports, SOX2 was found to be abnormally expressed in tumor tissues and correlated with clinical features such as TNM staging, tumor grade, and prognosis in patients with various cancer types. In most cancer types, SOX2 is a tumor-promoting factor that regulates tumor progression and metastasis primarily by maintaining the stemness of cancer cells. In addition, SOX2 also regulates the proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, migration, ferroptosis and drug resistance of cancer cells. However, SOX2 acts as a tumor suppressor in some cases in certain cancer types, such as gastric and lung cancer. These key regulatory functions of SOX2 involve complex regulatory networks, including protein-protein and protein-nucleic acid interactions through signaling pathways and noncoding RNA interactions, modulating SOX2 expression may be a potential therapeutic strategy for clinical cancer patients. Therefore, we sorted out the phenotypes related to SOX2 in cancer, hoping to provide a basis for further clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L N Ding
- Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Y Y Yu
- Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Department of Oncology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - C J Ma
- Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Department of Oncology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - C J Lei
- Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - H B Zhang
- Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Department of Oncology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Pershina AG, Nevskaya KV, Morozov KR, Litviakov NV. Methods for assessing the effect of microRNA on stemness genes. BULLETIN OF SIBERIAN MEDICINE 2023. [DOI: 10.20538/1682-0363-2022-4-170-182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
According to the latest concepts, for micrometastasis to develop into macrometastasis, differentiated cancer cells must revert to a dedifferentiated state. Activation of stemness genes plays a key role in this transition. Suppression of stemness gene expression using microRNAs can become the basis for the development of effective anti-metastatic drugs. This article provides an overview of the existing methods for assessing the effect of microRNAs on stemness genes and cancer cell dedifferentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - N. V. Litviakov
- Siberian State Medical University;
Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center (NRMC), Russian Academy of Sciences
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Mechanisms of Drug Resistance in Ovarian Cancer and Associated Gene Targets. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14246246. [PMID: 36551731 PMCID: PMC9777152 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14246246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In the United States, over 100,000 women are diagnosed with a gynecologic malignancy every year, with ovarian cancer being the most lethal. One of the hallmark characteristics of ovarian cancer is the development of resistance to chemotherapeutics. While the exact mechanisms of chemoresistance are poorly understood, it is known that changes at the cellular and molecular level make chemoresistance challenging to treat. Improved therapeutic options are needed to target these changes at the molecular level. Using a precision medicine approach, such as gene therapy, genes can be specifically exploited to resensitize tumors to therapeutics. This review highlights traditional and novel gene targets that can be used to develop new and improved targeted therapies, from drug efflux proteins to ovarian cancer stem cells. The review also addresses the clinical relevance and landscape of the discussed gene targets.
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9
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Mirzaei S, Paskeh MDA, Entezari M, Mirmazloomi SR, Hassanpoor A, Aboutalebi M, Rezaei S, Hejazi ES, Kakavand A, Heidari H, Salimimoghadam S, Taheriazam A, Hashemi M, Samarghandian S. SOX2 function in cancers: Association with growth, invasion, stemness and therapy response. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 156:113860. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Establishment and characterization of chemotherapy-enriched sphere-forming cells with stemness phenotypes as a new cell line (BAG 50) of gastric carcinoma. MEDICAL ONCOLOGY (NORTHWOOD, LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 39:201. [PMID: 36175578 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-022-01742-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer is a malignancy with a high mortality rate worldwide. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a small subpopulation of tumor cells that possess the tumor-initiating ability, self-renewal capacity, and high resistance to conventional therapies. Due to the diversity and complexity of human tumors, new cell lines are urgently needed to supply clinically and physiologically relevant cancer models. Here, we report establishing a novel cell line (BAG50) with stemness properties. Chemotherapy-enriched sphere-forming cells with CSC properties isolated from a patient with GC were cultured in a serum-containing medium and passaged for up to 51 passages. The colony-forming ability and tumor-forming capacity of BAG50 cells were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. mRNA upregulation of stemness-related transcriptional factors using real-time PCR as well as expression of CSC markers using flow cytometry was investigated. Finally, STR profiling and chromosome studies were performed. BAG50 cells formed floating spheroid colonies in a serum-free medium. Subcutaneous injection of these cells generated xenograft tumors in nude mice. Pluripotency markers (SOX-2, OCT4, and Cripto-1) in them were upregulated compared with normal gastric cells. The majority of them expressed CSC markers of CD44, CD54, and EpCAM, and stemness marker of oct-4. STR profiling showed a unique DNA fingerprint. Karyotype also demonstrated multiple aneuploidies and chromosomal translocations. We suggested that the highly tumorigenic BAG50 cell line with stem cell-like phenotypes may provide a valuable in vitro tool to support new diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers as well as the development of more effective treatment strategies.
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Xie W, Yu J, Yin Y, Zhang X, Zheng X, Wang X. OCT4 induces EMT and promotes ovarian cancer progression by regulating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Front Oncol 2022; 12:876257. [PMID: 36033461 PMCID: PMC9399417 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.876257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (OCT4) is a key stem cell transcription factor involved in the development of various cancers. The role of OCT4 in ovarian cancer (OC) progression and its molecular mechanism are not fully understood. Methods First, immunohistochemistry (IHC) assays of ovarian benign cyst tissues, OC tissues, and omental metastatic tissues were performed to reveal OCT4 expression profiles. We knocked down OCT4 in two OC cell lines (SKOV3 and A2780) using a lentiviral vector and performed in vitro and in vivo experiments. OCT4 was knocked down to assess the proliferation, migration, and invasion of OC cells using CCK-8, colony formation, wound healing, and Transwell assays. In addition, the nude tumor mouse model was used for in vivo study. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that OCT4 influenced protein expression in the phosphoinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mTOR pathway and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related proteins by Western blotting and immunofluorescence (IF) assays. The interaction between OCT4 and p-AKT was further confirmed by coimmunoprecipitation (CoIP) assays. Importantly, AKT activation by its activator SC79 reversed the biological functions of OCT4 knockdown. Results OCT4 expression was significantly upregulated in OC samples and metastatic tissues. OCT4 knockdown notably inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of OC cells in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, the expression of p-PI3K, p-AKT, and p-mTOR was downregulated after OCT4 knockdown. An AKT agonist reversed the effect of OCT4 knockdown on OC cells. EMT in OC samples was enhanced by OCT4. Conclusions Our study shows that OCT4 promotes the proliferation, migration, and invasion of OC cells by participating in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling axis, suggesting that it could serve as a potential therapeutic target for OC patients.
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Kim W, Park S, Kwon W, Kim D, Park JK, Han JE, Cho GJ, Han SH, Sung Y, Yi JK, Kim MO, Ryoo ZY, Choi SK. Suppression of transient receptor potential melastatin 7 regulates pluripotency, proliferation, and differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells via mechanistic target of rapamycin-extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation. J Cell Biochem 2021; 123:547-567. [PMID: 34958137 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) are a widely used model for their diverse availability in studying early embryonic development and their application in regenerative treatment of various intractable diseases. Transient receptor potential melastatin 7 (Trpm7) regulates Ca2+ as a nonselective ion channel and is essential for early embryonic development; however, the precise role of Trpm7 in mESCs has not been clearly elucidated. In this study, we showed that the inhibition of Trpm7 affects the pluripotency and self-renewal of mESCs. We found that short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-mediated suppression of Trpm7 resulted in decreased expression of transcriptional regulators, Oct4 and Sox2, which maintain stemness in mESCs. In addition, Trpm7 knockdown led to alterations in the basic properties of mESCs, such as decreased proliferation, cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase, and increased apoptosis. Furthermore, embryoid body (EB) formation and teratoma formation assays revealed abnormal regulation of differentiation due to Trpm7 knockdown, including the smaller size of EBs, elevated ectodermal differentiation, and diminished endodermal and mesodermal differentiation. We found that EB Day 7 samples displayed decreased intracellular Ca2+ levels compared to those of the scrambled group. Finally, we identified that these alterations induced by Trpm7 knockdown occurred due to decreased phosphorylation of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) and subsequent activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in mESCs. Our findings suggest that Trpm7 could be a novel regulator for maintaining stemness and modulating the differentiation of mESCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wansoo Kim
- Core Protein Resources Center, DGIST, Daegu, South Korea.,School of Life Science, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative Bioresearch, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Song Park
- Core Protein Resources Center, DGIST, Daegu, South Korea.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Wookbong Kwon
- Core Protein Resources Center, DGIST, Daegu, South Korea.,Division of Biotechnology, DGIST, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Daehwan Kim
- Core Protein Resources Center, DGIST, Daegu, South Korea.,School of Life Science, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative Bioresearch, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jin-Kyu Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jee Eun Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Gil-Jae Cho
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Se-Hyeon Han
- Department of News-team, SBS (Seoul Broadcasting System), Seoul, South Korea.,School of Media Communication, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yonghun Sung
- Laboratory Animal Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jun-Koo Yi
- Gyeongbuk Livestock Research Institute, Yeongju, South Korea
| | - Myoung Ok Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, ITRD, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, South Korea
| | - Zae Young Ryoo
- School of Life Science, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative Bioresearch, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Seong-Kyoon Choi
- Core Protein Resources Center, DGIST, Daegu, South Korea.,Division of Biotechnology, DGIST, Daegu, South Korea
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Wong CW, Ko LN, Huang HJ, Yang CS, Hsu SH. Engineered Bacteriorhodopsin May Induce Lung Cancer Cell Cycle Arrest and Suppress Their Proliferation and Migration. Molecules 2021; 26:7344. [PMID: 34885925 PMCID: PMC8659022 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Highly expressible bacteriorhodopsin (HEBR) is a light-triggered protein (optogenetic protein) that has seven transmembrane regions with retinal bound as their chromophore to sense light. HEBR has controllable photochemical properties and regulates activity on proton pumping. In this study, we generated HEBR protein and incubated with lung cancer cell lines (A549 and H1299) to evaluate if there was a growth-inhibitory effect with or without light illumination. The data revealed that the HEBR protein suppressed cell proliferation and induced the G0/G1 cell cycle arrest without light illumination. Moreover, the migration abilities of A549 and H1299 cells were reduced by ~17% and ~31% after incubation with HEBR (40 μg/mL) for 4 h. The Snail-1 gene expression level of the A549 cells was significantly downregulated by ~50% after the treatment of HEBR. In addition, HEBR significantly inhibited the gene expression of Sox-2 and Oct-4 in H1299 cells. These results suggested that the HEBR protein may inhibit cell proliferation and cell cycle progression of lung cancer cells, reduce their migration activity, and suppress some stemness-related genes. These findings also suggested the potential of HEBR protein to regulate the growth and migration of tumor cells, which may offer the possibility for an anticancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chui-Wei Wong
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; (C.-W.W.); (H.-J.H.)
| | - Ling-Ning Ko
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; (L.-N.K.); (C.-S.Y.)
| | - Hung-Jin Huang
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; (C.-W.W.); (H.-J.H.)
| | - Chii-Shen Yang
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; (L.-N.K.); (C.-S.Y.)
| | - Shan-hui Hsu
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; (C.-W.W.); (H.-J.H.)
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan
- Research and Development Center for Medical Devices, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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Meesuwan S, Ketpun D, Piyaviriyakul P, Rattanapinyopituk K, Theewasutrakul P, Sailasuta A. Immunohistochemical and molecular profiling of CD 117, Oct-4, and Sox-2 in canine cutaneous mast cell tumor of the crossbred dogs in Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand. Vet World 2021; 14:2646-2654. [PMID: 34903921 PMCID: PMC8654761 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.2646-2654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM CD 117 (c-KIT) internal tandem duplication (ITD), octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (Oct-4), and sex-determining region Y-box 2 (Sox-2) may govern the oncogenicity and aggressiveness of canine cutaneous mast cell tumor (MCT) in the crossbred dogs. Thus, a comprehension of this matter may help us establishing a novel platform to treat the disease in those dogs. However, evidence has lacked so far. Thus, this study aimed to survey CD 117 ITD, Oct-4, and Sox-2 expressions and their relations to the 2-tier grading in a group of Thai crossbreed dogs. The study was done using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR), and immunohistochemistry. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-three MCT specimens graded by the 2-tier histopathology grading were collected from the crossbred and purebred dogs. CD 117 ITD was detected by conventional PCR and immunohistochemistry. While, Oct-4 and Sox-2 expression levels were determined at the protein and mRNA levels by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR, respectively. The expression magnitude of each parameter was then related to the grades and breeds. RESULTS About 60.61% of specimens were low grade, while 39.39% were high grade. CD 117 ITD was not detected in all specimens. A significant increase of Oct-4 expression was found in the high-grade, crossbred dogs. Meanwhile, Sox-2 expressions were increased both in the purebred and crossbred dogs with high-grade MCT. CONCLUSION The study finding has indicated that the level of Sox-2 expression may be a useful tumorigenic and prognostic biomarker because it correlates to the 2-tier grades but not dog breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirilak Meesuwan
- Veterinary Pathobiology Program, Graduate School, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330 Thailand
- Companion Animal Cancer Research Unit, CAC-RU, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Dettachai Ketpun
- Companion Animal Cancer Research Unit, CAC-RU, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Veterinary Pathology and Diagnosis Centre, Akkhraratchakumari Veterinary College, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
- One Health Research Centre, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| | - Prapruddee Piyaviriyakul
- Companion Animal Cancer Research Unit, CAC-RU, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Department of Physiology, Biochemistry Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Kasem Rattanapinyopituk
- Companion Animal Cancer Research Unit, CAC-RU, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Pattharakrit Theewasutrakul
- Companion Animal Cancer Research Unit, CAC-RU, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Oncology Clinic, Small Animal Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Achariya Sailasuta
- Companion Animal Cancer Research Unit, CAC-RU, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
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Yang J, Peng S, Zhang K. LncRNA RP11-499E18.1 Inhibits Proliferation, Migration, and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Process of Ovarian Cancer Cells by Dissociating PAK2-SOX2 Interaction. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:697831. [PMID: 34621737 PMCID: PMC8490721 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.697831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Ovarian cancer (OC)is a deadly gynecological malignancy worldwide. It is urgent to identify diagnostic biomarkers of OC to disclose the underlying mechanism. Methods and Materials: Bioinformatics analysis was used to identify target genes. Gene expression was detected and altered by qRT-PCR and cell transfection, respectively. The interaction between RP11-499E18.1 and PAK2, as well as that between PAK2 and SOX2, was determined using RNA pulldown, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), and co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) assay, respectively. Localizations of RP11-499E18.1, PAK2, and SOX2 were respectively determined employing immunohistochemical (IHC), IF, and FISH. The regulatory effects of RP11-499E18.1, PAK2, and SOX2 on OC cell proliferation, migration, colony formation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related factor expression, and SOX2 nuclear translocation were determined. Finally, the effects of RP11-499E18.1 and PAK2 expression on the tumor growth in nude mice were determined. Results: RP11-499E18.1, PAK2, and SOX2 were selected in our study. RP11-499E18.1 was downregulated, while PAK2 and SOX2 was upregulated in OC tissues and cells. RP11-499E18.1 coexists in the nucleus and cytoplasm of OC cells. There is an interaction between RP11-499E18.1 and PAK2, as well as PAK2 and SOX2 in OC cells. Alteration of RP11-499E18.1 and PAK2 expression both had no influence on PAK2 and SOX2 levels, but PAK2 upregulation notably augmented p-SOX2 level. RP11-499E18.1 overexpression suppressed OC cell proliferation, migration, and colony formation, as well as SOX2 nuclear translocation. Besides, it inhibited tumor growth in nude mice. However, these effects were notably reversed by PAK2 upregulation and eventually offset by SOX2 knockdown. Additionally, RP11-499E18.1 overexpression reduced PAK2-SOX2 interaction and SOX phosphorylation, and increased the binding of RP11-499E18.1 by PAK2. Conclusion: These lines of evidence demonstrated that RP11-499E18.1 might play its tumor suppressor roles in OC via regulation of the RP11-499E18.1-PAK2-SOX2 axis. This research indicated that RP11-499E18.1 might be used as a diagnostic biomarker for OC in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Yang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology Ward 5, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuping Peng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Keqiang Zhang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology Ward 5, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
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16
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Mohan A, Raj Rajan R, Mohan G, Kollenchery Puthenveettil P, Maliekal TT. Markers and Reporters to Reveal the Hierarchy in Heterogeneous Cancer Stem Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:668851. [PMID: 34150761 PMCID: PMC8209516 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.668851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A subpopulation within cancer, known as cancer stem cells (CSCs), regulates tumor initiation, chemoresistance, and metastasis. At a closer look, CSCs show functional heterogeneity and hierarchical organization. The present review is an attempt to assign marker profiles to define the functional heterogeneity and hierarchical organization of CSCs, based on a series of single-cell analyses. The evidences show that analogous to stem cell hierarchy, self-renewing Quiescent CSCs give rise to the Progenitor CSCs with limited proliferative capacity, and later to a Progenitor-like CSCs, which differentiates to Proliferating non-CSCs. Functionally, the CSCs can be tumor-initiating cells (TICs), drug-resistant CSCs, or metastasis initiating cells (MICs). Although there are certain marker profiles used to identify CSCs of different cancers, molecules like CD44, CD133, ALDH1A1, ABCG2, and pluripotency markers [Octamer binding transcriptional factor 4 (OCT4), SOX2, and NANOG] are used to mark CSCs of a wide range of cancers, ranging from hematological malignancies to solid tumors. Our analysis of the recent reports showed that a combination of these markers can demarcate the heterogeneous CSCs in solid tumors. Reporter constructs are widely used for easy identification and quantification of marker molecules. In this review, we discuss the suitability of reporters for the widely used CSC markers that can define the heterogeneous CSCs. Since the CSC-specific functions of CD44 and CD133 are regulated at the post-translational level, we do not recommend the reporters for these molecules for the detection of CSCs. A promoter-based reporter for ABCG2 may also be not relevant in CSCs, as the expression of the molecule in cancer is mainly regulated by promoter demethylation. In this context, a dual reporter consisting of one of the pluripotency markers and ALDH1A1 will be useful in marking the heterogeneous CSCs. This system can be easily adapted to high-throughput platforms to screen drugs for eliminating CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrutha Mohan
- Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Reshma Raj Rajan
- Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Gayathri Mohan
- Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
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17
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Mohan A, Raj R R, Mohan G, K P P, Thomas Maliekal T. Reporters of Cancer Stem Cells as a Tool for Drug Discovery. Front Oncol 2021; 11:669250. [PMID: 33968778 PMCID: PMC8100607 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.669250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In view of the importance of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in chemoresistance, metastasis and recurrence, the biology of CSCs were explored in detail. Based on that, several modalities were proposed to target them. In spite of the several clinical trials, a successful CSC-targeting drug is yet to be identified. The number of molecules screened and entered for clinical trial for CSC-targeting is comparatively low, compared to other drugs. The bottle neck is the lack of a high-throughput adaptable screening strategy for CSCs. This review is aimed to identify suitable reporters for CSCs that can be used to identify the heterogeneous CSC populations, including quiescent CSCs, proliferative CSCs, drug resistant CSCs and metastatic CSCs. Analysis of the tumor microenvironment regulating CSCs revealed that the factors in CSC-niche activates effector molecules that function as CSC markers, including pluripotency markers, CD133, ABCG2 and ALDH1A1. Among these factors OCT4, SOX2, NANOG, ABCG2 and ALDH1A1 are ideal for making reporters for CSCs. The pluripotency molecules, like OCT4, SOX2 and NANOG, regulate self-renewal, chemoresistance and metastasis. ABCG2 is a known regulator of drug resistance while ALDH1A1 modulates self-renewal, chemoresistance and metastasis. Considering the heterogeneity of CSCs, including a quiescent population and a proliferative population with metastatic ability, we propose the use of a combination of reporters. A dual reporter consisting of a pluripotency marker and a marker like ALDH1A1 will be useful in screening drugs that target CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrutha Mohan
- Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India.,Centre for Doctoral Studies, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Reshma Raj R
- Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Gayathri Mohan
- Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Padmaja K P
- Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
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18
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The role of SOX family transcription factors in gastric cancer. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 180:608-624. [PMID: 33662423 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.02.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a leading cause of death worldwide. GC is the third-most common cause of cancer-related death after lung and colorectal cancer. It is also the fifth-most commonly diagnosed cancer. Accumulating evidence has revealed the role of signaling networks in GC progression. Identification of these molecular pathways can provide new insight into therapeutic approaches for GC. Several molecular factors involved in GC can play both onco-suppressor and oncogene roles. Sex-determining region Y (Sry)-box-containing (SOX) family members are transcription factors with a well-known role in cancer. SOX proteins can bind to DNA to regulate cellular pathways via a highly conserved domain known as high mobility group (HMG). In the present review, the roles of SOX proteins in the progression and/or inhibition of GC are discussed. The dual role of SOX proteins as tumor-promoting and tumor-suppressing factors is highlighted. SOX members can affect upstream mediators (microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs and NF-κB) and down-stream mediators (FAK, HIF-1α, CDX2 and PTEN) in GC. The possible role of anti-tumor compounds to target SOX pathway members in GC therapy is described. Moreover, SOX proteins may be used as diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers in GC.
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19
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Li Y, Chen X, He W, Xia S, Jiang X, Li X, Bai J, Li N, Chen L, Yang B. Apigenin Enhanced Antitumor Effect of Cisplatin in Lung Cancer via Inhibition of Cancer Stem Cells. Nutr Cancer 2020; 73:1489-1497. [PMID: 32757802 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2020.1802494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cell theory has been proposed to explain tumor heterogeneity and the carcinogenesis process. Highly tumorigenic lung cancer stem cells develop resistance to cisplatin (CDDP), a common chemotherapy drug. Herein, we attempted to clarify whether apigenin (API) can improve the antitumor efficiency of CDDP in lung cancer using cancer stem cells. Lung cancer stem cells were identified as CD 133 positive cancer cells in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) A549, H1299 cells and CDDP-resistant NSCLC A549R cells. The cytotoxic effect of API was measured in CDDP-treated A549, H1299, and A549R cells. API repressed CD 133 positive cells and enhanced the antitumor effect of CDDP in A549, H1299, and A549R cells. The synergistic antitumor effect of API and CDDP was blocked by addition of the p53 inhibitor Pifithrin-α, and siRNA targeting the p53 gene in A549R cells. Furthermore, API eliminates CDDP-induced CSC via p53, since A549R cells lacking p53 and Pifithrin-α addition derepressed the decrease in CD 133 positive cells after API treatment in CDDP-treated A549 and A549R cells. The findings indicate that API might eliminate cancer stem cells and enhance the antitumor effects of CDDP in NSCLC via p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxia Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Center Hospital of Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Center Hospital of Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Wei He
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Center Hospital of Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Shuyue Xia
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Center Hospital of Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Xiaochuan Jiang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Center Hospital of Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyang Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Center Hospital of Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Jiayu Bai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Center Hospital of Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Center Hospital of Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Center Hospital of Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Biao Yang
- Laboratory of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, P. R. China
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20
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Patra SK. Roles of OCT4 in pathways of embryonic development and cancer progression. Mech Ageing Dev 2020; 189:111286. [PMID: 32531293 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2020.111286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Somatic cells may be reprogrammed to pluripotent state by ectopic expression of certain transcription factors; namely, OCT4, SOX2, KLF4 and c-MYC. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms are not adequately understood, especially for human embryonic development. Studies during the last five years implicated importance of OCT4 in human zygotic genome activation (ZGA), patterns of OCT4 protein folding and role of specialized sequences in binding to DNA for modulation of gene expression during development. Epigenetic modulation of OCT4 gene and post translational modifications of OCT4 protein activity in the context of multiple cancers are important issues. A consensus is emerging that chromatin organization and epigenetic landscape play crucial roles for the interactions of transcription factors, including OCT4 with the promoters and/or regulatory sequences of genes associated with human embryonic development (ZGA through lineage specification) and that when the epigenome niche is deregulated OCT4 helps in cancer progression, and how OCT4 silencing in somatic cells of adult organisms may impact ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Kumar Patra
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India.
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21
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Hsa_circ_0068307 mediates bladder cancer stem cell-like properties via miR-147/c-Myc axis regulation. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:151. [PMID: 32398967 PMCID: PMC7204228 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01235-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Circular RNAs (circRNAs) play an essential role in the regulation of gene expression. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the role of hsa_circ_0068307 in bladder cancer (BCa). Methods Rt-qPCR was used to detect hsa_circ_0068307 expression in BCa cell lines. The CCK8, colony formation, and Transwell assays were used to evaluate the effect of hsa_circ_0068307 on BCa cell migration and proliferation. Bioinformatics and luciferase reporter experiments were used to study the regulatory mechanism. Nude mouse xenografts were generated to examine the effect of hsa_circ_0068307 on tumor growth. Results The results showed that hsa_circ_0068307 was upregulated in BCa cell lines. Downregulation of hsa_circ_0068307 suppressed cell migration and proliferation in T24 and UMUC3 cells. Hsa_circ_0068307 silencing suppressed cancer stem cell differentiation by upregulating miR-147 expression. Upregulation of miR-147 suppressed c-Myc expression, which is involved in cancer stem cell differentiation. Luciferase reporter assays confirmed that hsa_circ_0068307 upregulated c-Myc expression by targeting miR-147. In vivo studies showed that hsa_circ_0068307 knockdown suppressed T24 tumor growth. Conclusions These data indicate that downregulation of hsa_circ_0068307 reversed the stem cell-like properties of human bladder cancer through the regulation of the miR-147/c-Myc axis.
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Clemente-Periván SI, Gómez-Gómez Y, Leyva-Vázquez MA, Lagunas-Martínez A, Organista-Nava J, Illades-Aguiar B. Role of Oct3/4 in Cervical Cancer Tumorigenesis. Front Oncol 2020; 10:247. [PMID: 32219062 PMCID: PMC7079573 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer (CC) is the fourth most common type of cancer that affects women. Compared to other types of cancer, CC has a high mortality rate in women worldwide. Several factors contribute to the development of CC, but persistent high-risk human papillomavirus infection is the main etiologic agent associated with the development of CC. Moreover, several studies reported that alterations in the expression of transcription factors present in a small subpopulation of cells within tumors called cancer stem cells (CSCs), which contribute to the development of CC by promoting tumorigenicity and metastasis. These transcription factors affect self-renewal and maintenance of pluripotency and differentiation in stem cells. OCT3/4 belongs to the family of transcription factors with the POU domain. It consists of five exons and can be edited by alternative splicing into three main transcripts: OCT3/4A, OCT3/4B, and OCT3/4B1. The OCT3/4 expression in CSCs promotes carcinogenesis and the development of malignant tumors, and the loss of expression leads to the loss of self-renewal and proliferation and favors apoptosis. This review describes the main roles of OCT3/4 in CC and its importance in several biological processes that contribute to the development of CC and may serve as molecular targets to improve prognosis of CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayuri Itzel Clemente-Periván
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Mexico
| | - Yazmín Gómez-Gómez
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Mexico
| | - Marco Antonio Leyva-Vázquez
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Mexico
| | - Alfredo Lagunas-Martínez
- Centro de Investigación sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Jorge Organista-Nava
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Mexico
| | - Berenice Illades-Aguiar
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Mexico
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Pádua D, Barros R, Luísa Amaral A, Mesquita P, Filipa Freire A, Sousa M, Filipe Maia A, Caiado I, Fernandes H, Pombinho A, Filipe Pereira C, Almeida R. A SOX2 Reporter System Identifies Gastric Cancer Stem-Like Cells Sensitive to Monensin. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E495. [PMID: 32093282 PMCID: PMC7072720 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12020495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer remains a serious health burden with few therapeutic options. Therefore, the recognition of cancer stem cells (CSCs) as seeds of the tumorigenic process makes them a prime therapeutic target. Knowing that the transcription factors SOX2 and OCT4 promote stemness, our approach was to isolate stem-like cells in human gastric cancer cell lines using a traceable reporter system based on SOX2/OCT4 activity (SORE6-GFP). Cells transduced with the SORE6-GFP reporter system were sorted into SORE6+ and SORE6- cell populations, and their biological behavior characterized. SORE6+ cells were enriched for SOX2 and exhibited CSC features, including a greater ability to proliferate and form gastrospheres in non-adherent conditions, a larger in vivo tumor initiating capability, and increased resistance to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) treatment. The overexpression and knockdown of SOX2 revealed a crucial role of SOX2 in cell proliferation and drug resistance. By combining the reporter system with a high-throughput screening of pharmacologically active small molecules we identified monensin, an ionophore antibiotic, displaying selective toxicity to SORE6+ cells. The ability of SORE6-GFP reporter system to recognize cancer stem-like cells facilitates our understanding of gastric CSC biology and serves as a platform for the identification of powerful therapeutics for targeting gastric CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Pádua
- i3S—Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (D.P.); (R.B.); (A.L.A.); (P.M.); (A.F.F.); (M.S.); (A.F.M.); (A.P.)
- IPATIMUP—Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rita Barros
- i3S—Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (D.P.); (R.B.); (A.L.A.); (P.M.); (A.F.F.); (M.S.); (A.F.M.); (A.P.)
- IPATIMUP—Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Luísa Amaral
- i3S—Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (D.P.); (R.B.); (A.L.A.); (P.M.); (A.F.F.); (M.S.); (A.F.M.); (A.P.)
- IPATIMUP—Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Mesquita
- i3S—Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (D.P.); (R.B.); (A.L.A.); (P.M.); (A.F.F.); (M.S.); (A.F.M.); (A.P.)
- IPATIMUP—Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Filipa Freire
- i3S—Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (D.P.); (R.B.); (A.L.A.); (P.M.); (A.F.F.); (M.S.); (A.F.M.); (A.P.)
- IPATIMUP—Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Mafalda Sousa
- i3S—Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (D.P.); (R.B.); (A.L.A.); (P.M.); (A.F.F.); (M.S.); (A.F.M.); (A.P.)
- IBMC—Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - André Filipe Maia
- i3S—Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (D.P.); (R.B.); (A.L.A.); (P.M.); (A.F.F.); (M.S.); (A.F.M.); (A.P.)
- IBMC—Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês Caiado
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal; (I.C.); (H.F.); (C.F.P.)
- Cell Reprogramming in Hematopoiesis and Immunity laboratory, Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, BMC A12, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Hugo Fernandes
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal; (I.C.); (H.F.); (C.F.P.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - António Pombinho
- i3S—Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (D.P.); (R.B.); (A.L.A.); (P.M.); (A.F.F.); (M.S.); (A.F.M.); (A.P.)
- IBMC—Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carlos Filipe Pereira
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal; (I.C.); (H.F.); (C.F.P.)
- Cell Reprogramming in Hematopoiesis and Immunity laboratory, Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, BMC A12, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Raquel Almeida
- i3S—Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (D.P.); (R.B.); (A.L.A.); (P.M.); (A.F.F.); (M.S.); (A.F.M.); (A.P.)
- IPATIMUP—Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
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