Contribution of interaction between genetic variants of interleukin-11 and Helicobacter pylori infection to the susceptibility of gastric cancer

Interaction Between Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1-alpha Gene Polymorphism and Helicobacter pylori Infection on Gastric Cancer in a Chinese Tibetan Population

To investigate the impact of four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the HIF1α gene and its interaction with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection on susceptibility to gastric cancer (GC).Logistic regression was used to test the relationship between four SNPs of HIF1α gene and the susceptibility of GC. A generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction (GMDR) model was used to assess the HIF1α gene-H. pylori infection interaction.Logistic regression analysis indicated that both the rs11549465-CT genotype and the T allele were associated with an increased risk of GC, adjusted OR (95% CI) were 1.63 (1.09-2.20) (CT vs. CC) and 1.70 (1.13-2.36) (T vs. C), respectively. We also found that both the rs11549467-A allele and rs11549467-GA genotype were associated with an increased risk of GC, and adjusted OR (95% CI) were 2.21 (1.61-2.86) (GA vs. GG), 2.13 (1.65-2.65) (A vs. G), respectively. However, no statistically significant impact of rs2057482 or rs1957757 on risk of GC was found. The GMDR model indicated a statistically significant two-dimensional model combination (including rs11549467 and H. pylori infection). The selected model had testing balanced accuracy of 0.60 and the best cross-validation consistencies of 10/10 (p = 0.0107). Compared with H. pylori infection negative participants with rs11549467-GG genotype, H. pylori positive participants with the rs11549467-GA genotype had the highest GC risk, the OR (95% CI) was 3.04 (1.98-4.12).The rs11549467-A allele and rs11549467-GA genotype was associated with increased GC risk. Additionally, the gene-environment interaction between HIF-1α-rs11549467 and H. pylori infection was also correlated with an increased risk of GC.

Impact of interaction between interleukin-6 gene polymorphism and Helicobacter pylori infection on susceptibility to gastric cancer

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to evaluate the association between four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the interleukin-6 (IL-6) gene and gastric cancer (GC), and impact of interaction between IL-6 SNPs and Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori ) infection on susceptibility to GC.

METHODS

Logistic regression was used to test the relationships between four SNPs of IL-6 gene and GC susceptibility. A generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction (GMDR) model was employed to assess the interaction effect between IL-6 gene and H. pylori infection on GC risk.

RESULTS

Logistic regression analysis indicated that the rs1800795-C allele was associated with increased GC risk, adjusted ORs (95% CI) were 1.80 (1.21-2.41) (CC vs. GG) and 1.68 (1.09-2.30) (C vs. G), respectively. The rs10499563-C allele was associated with decreased risk of GC, and adjusted ORs (95% CI) were 0.62 (0.31-0.93) (TC vs. TT), 0.52 (0.18-0.89) (CC vs. TT) and 0.60 (0.29-0.92) (C vs. T), respectively. GMDR methods found a two-dimensional model combination (including rs1800795 and H. pylori infection) was statistically significant. The selected model had testing balanced accuracy of 59.85% and the best cross-validation consistencies of 10/10 ( P  = 0.0107). Compared with H. pylori -negative subjects with rs1800795- GG genotype, H. pylori -positive participants with GC or CC genotype had the highest risk of GC, the OR (95% CI) was 3.34 (1.78-4.97).

CONCLUSION

The rs1800795-C allele was associated with increased GC risk and the rs10499563-C allele was associated with decreased GC risk. The interaction between rs1800795 and H. pylori infection was also correlated with increased risk of GC.

The IL6-like Cytokine Family: Role and Biomarker Potential in Breast Cancer

IL6-like cytokines are a family of regulators with a complex, pleiotropic role in both the healthy organism, where they regulate immunity and homeostasis, and in different diseases, including cancer. Here we summarise how these cytokines exert their effect through the shared signal transducer IL6ST (gp130) and we review the extensive evidence on the role that different members of this family play in breast cancer. Additionally, we discuss how the different cytokines, their related receptors and downstream effectors, as well as specific polymorphisms in these molecules, can serve as predictive or prognostic biomarkers with the potential for clinical application in breast cancer. Lastly, we also discuss how our increasing understanding of this complex signalling axis presents promising opportunities for the development or repurposing of therapeutic strategies against cancer and, specifically, breast neoplasms.

High FAM189B Expression and Its Prognostic Value in Patients with Gastric Cancer

The clinical significance of the family with sequence similarity 189 member B (FAM189B) gene remains largely unknown in gastric cancer (GC). A comprehensive investigation combining multiple detection methods was carried out in the current study to unveil the clinical implications and prospective molecular characterization of FAM189B protein and mRNA in GC. The protein level of FAM189B was clearly upregulated in the tumor tissues of GC as compared to noncancerous gastric tissues with 179 GC cases and 147 noncancerous gastric controls assessed by immunohistochemistry. The upregulation of the FAM189B protein was also found in the more deteriorating period of the tumor, as there were increasing trends in the groups of larger tumors, with lymph node metastasis, a further advanced clinical stage, and a higher histological grade. Next, we focused on the mRNA level of FAM189B in GC tissues using various high-throughput data. After the screening of GEO, ArrayExpress, and SRA, we finally achieved 18 datasets, including an RNA sequencing dataset of TCGA. Altogether, 1095 cases of GC tissue samples were collected, with 305 unique examples of noncancerous controls. Concerning the mRNA level of FAM189B in GC, the final standard mean difference (SMD) was 0.46 and the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.79 for the upregulation of FAM189B mRNA, which confirmed that the FAM189B mRNA level was also markedly upregulated in GC tissues and comparable to its protein level. The survival analysis showed that the higher expression of FAM189B was a risk factor for the overall survival, first progression, and postprogression survival of GC. For the Affymetrix ID 1555515_a_at of FAM189B, the higher expression level of FAM189B predicted a lower overall survival, first progression survival, and postprogression survival with the hazard ratio (HR) being 1.56 (1.24, 1.95), 1.69 (1.32, 2.17), and 1.97 (1.5, 2.6), respectively. For the Affymetrix ID 203550_s_at of FAM189B, a similar result could be found with corresponding HR being 1.49 (1.24, 1.8), 1.49 (1.21, 1.83), and 1.66 (1.32, 2.08), respectively. The interaction of MEM, COXPRESdb coexpressed genes, and DEGs of GC finally generated 368 genes, and the pathway of the cell cycle was the top pathway enriched by KEGG. In conclusion, the overexpression of the FAM189B protein and mRNA might enhance the incidence of GC.

Apatinib inhibits gastric carcinoma development by regulating the expression levels of IL-17 via the Bax/Bcl-2 signaling pathway

Gastric carcinoma is a common type of gastrointestinal tumor with high morbidity and mortality rates. IL-17 is a newly discovered cytokine that has been reported to serve an important role in the development of gastric carcinoma. The potential effect of apatinib on IL-17 expression levels in the development of gastric carcinoma has been rarely reported. The present study aimed to investigate the potential mechanism of IL-17 and apatinib in the development of gastric carcinoma. A total of 30 tumor and para-carcinoma tissues were collected from 30 patients with gastric carcinoma between January 2019 and December 2019 and the expression levels of IL-17 in the tissues were analyzed by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blotting. An in vitro model of gastric carcinoma was also established using the HGC-27 cell line, in which the cells were divided into control, IL-17, IL-17-apatinib and apatinib groups. The expression levels of IL-17, Bax, Bcl-2 and caspase-3 were analyzed using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blotting. An MTT assay and flow cytometry were used to analyze the proliferation and apoptosis of HGC-27 cells, respectively, and a Transwell assay was used to analyze the invasive ability of HGC-27 cells. The results revealed that the expression levels of IL-17 were significantly upregulated in the gastric carcinoma tissues compared with the para-carcinoma tissues. In vitro, IL-17 treatment promoted the proliferation and invasive ability of HGC-27 cells, but inhibited the apoptosis with the significantly downregulated expression levels of Bax and caspase-3 and the upregulated expression levels of Bcl-2 than control group. Conversely, apatinib treatment significantly inhibited the proliferative and invasive abilities of HGC-27 cells, but promoted cell apoptosis in the IL-17 and IL-17-apatinib groups.. Collectively, the present results suggested that the upregulation of IL-17 may be associated with the occurrence and development of gastric carcinoma. The findings indicated that apatinib may inhibit gastric carcinoma development by regulating IL-17 expression via the Bax/Bcl-2 signaling pathway. Therefore, the present findings may enhance the current knowledge of the effect of apatinib on gastric carcinoma cells.

Correlation analysis of IL-11 polymorphisms and Hirschsprung disease subtype susceptibility in Southern Chinese Children

BACKGROUND

Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) is a hereditary defect, which is characterized by the absence of enteric ganglia and is frequently concurrent with Hirschsprung-associated enterocolitis (HAEC). However, the pathogenesis for HSCR is complicated and remains unclear. Recent studies have shown that pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-11 (IL-11) are involved in the enteric nervous system's progress. It was found that IL-11 SNPs (rs8104023 and rs4252546) are associated with HSCR in the Korean population waiting for replication in an independent cohort. This study evaluated the relationship between IL-11 and the susceptibility of patients to HSCR by performing subphenotype interaction examination, HAEC pre-/post-surgical patient-only association analysis, and independence testing.

METHODS

In this study, a cohort consisting of children from Southern China, comprising 1470 cases and 1473 controls, was chosen to examine the relationship between two polymorphisms (rs8104023 and rs4252546 in IL-11) and susceptibility to HSCR by replication research, subphenotype association analysis, and independence testing.

RESULTS

The results showed that IL-11 gene polymorphisms (rs8104023 and rs4252546) are not associated with the risk of HSCR in the Chinese population. The results of both short-segment and long-segment (S-HSCR and L-HSCR) surgery (3.34 ≤ OR ≤ 4.05, 0.02 ≤ P ≤ 0.04) showed that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) rs8104023 is associated with susceptibility to HAEC.

CONCLUSIONS

This study explored the relationship between genetic polymorphisms and susceptibility to HAEC in HSCR subtypes for the first time. These findings should be replicated in a larger and multicentre study.

Identification of Hub Genes in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Using Bioinformatics Analysis

BACKGROUND

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most common chronic diseases in the world with complicated pathogenesis. This study aimed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and molecular pathways in T2DM using bioinformatics analysis.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

To explore potential therapeutic targets for T2DM, we analyzed three microarray datasets (GSE50397, GSE38642, and GSE44035) acquired from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. DEGs between T2DM islet and normal islet were picked out by the GEO2R tool and Venn diagram software. Gene Ontology (GO) function and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis were performed using the Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) to identify the pathways and functional annotation of DEGs. Then, protein-protein interaction (PPI) of these DEGs was visualized by Cytoscape with Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins (STRING).

RESULTS

In total, we identified 36 DEGs in the three datasets, including 32 up-regulated genes and four down-regulated genes. The improved functions and pathways of the DEGs enriched in cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, pathways in cancer, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, and Rheumatoid arthritis. Among them, ten hub genes with a high degree of connectivity were selected. Furthermore, via the re-analysis of DAVID, four genes (IL6, MMP3, MMP1, and IL11) were significantly enriched in the Rheumatoid arthritis pathway.

CONCLUSION

Our study, based on the GEO database, identified four significant up-regulated DEGs and provided novel targets for diagnosis and treatment of T2DM.