1
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Qian J, Huang C, Wang M, Liu Y, Zhao Y, Li M, Zhang X, Gao X, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Huang J, Li J, Zhou Q, Liu R, Wang X, Cui J, Yang Y. Nuclear translocation of metabolic enzyme PKM2 participates in high glucose-promoted HCC metastasis by strengthening immunosuppressive environment. Redox Biol 2024; 71:103103. [PMID: 38471282 PMCID: PMC10945175 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Although some cohort studies have indicated a close association between diabetes and HCC, the underlying mechanism about the contribution of diabetes to HCC progression remains largely unknown. In the study, we applied a novel HCC model in SD rat with diabetes and a series of high glucose-stimulated cell experiments to explore the effect of a high glucose environment on HCC metastasis and its relevant mechanism. Our results uncovered a novel regulatory mechanism by which nuclear translocation of metabolic enzyme PKM2 mediated high glucose-promoted HCC metastasis. Specifically, high glucose-increased PKM2 nuclear translocation downregulates chemerin expression through the redox protein TRX1, and then strengthens immunosuppressive environment to promote HCC metastasis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to elucidate the great contribution of a high glucose environment to HCC metastasis from a new perspective of enhancing the immunosuppressive microenvironment. Simultaneously, this work also highlights a previously unidentified non-metabolic role of PKM2 and opens a novel avenue for cross research and intervention for individuals with HCC and comorbid diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Qian
- Department of endocrinology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuxin Huang
- Department of endocrinology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mimi Wang
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of endocrinology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingying Zhao
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Miao Li
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangyu Gao
- Department of endocrinology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yawen Zhang
- Department of endocrinology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of endocrinology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinya Huang
- Department of endocrinology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiajun Li
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiwen Zhou
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of endocrinology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuanchun Wang
- Department of endocrinology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiefeng Cui
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yehong Yang
- Department of endocrinology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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2
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Wang H, Tang M, Pei E, Shen Y, Wang A, Lin M. Blocking the E2F transcription factor 1/high-mobility group box 2 pathway enhances the intervention effects of α-santalol on the malignant behaviors of liver cancer cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2024; 168:106516. [PMID: 38219975 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2024.106516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
In view of the tumor-inhibiting effect of α-santalol in various cancers and the role of E2F transcription factor 1 (E2F1) as an important target for anticancer research, this study investigates the relation between α-santalol and E2F1, as well as the effect of α-santalol on liver cancer progression and the corresponding mechanism. Concretely, liver cancer cells were treated with different concentrations of α-santalol. The IC50 value of α-santalol was determined using Probit regression analysis. Then, transcription factors that are targeted by α-santalol and differentially expressed in liver cancer were screened out. The clinicopathological impact of E2F1 and its targets were evaluated and predicted. The expressions of E2F1 and high-mobility group box 2 (HMGB2) and their correlation in the liver cancer tissues were analyzed by bioinformatics. The effects of E2F1 and HMGB2 on the biological characteristics of liver cancer cells were examined through loss/gain-of-function and molecular assays. With the extension of treatment time, the inhibitory effects of 10 μmol/L and 20 μmol/L α-santalol on cancer cell survival rate were enhanced (P < 0.001). E2F1 and HMGB2 were highly expressed and positively correlated in liver cancer tissues (P < 0.05). High E2F1 expression was correlated with large tumors and high TNM stages (P < 0.05). E2F1 knockdown promoted the effects of α-santalol on dose-dependently inhibiting viability, colony formation, invasion and migration (P < 0.05). Moreover, E2F1 knockdown reduced the IC50 value and HMGB2 level, while HMGB2 overexpression produced opposite effects. HMGB2 overexpression and E2F1 knockdown mutually counteracted their effects on the IC50 value and on the viability and apoptosis of α-santalol-treated liver cancer cells (P < 0.01). Collectively, blocking the E2F1/HMGB2 pathway enhances the intervention effects of α-santalol on the proliferation, migration and invasion of liver cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, China
| | - Min Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, China
| | - Erli Pei
- Department of General Surgery, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, China
| | - Ying Shen
- Department of General Surgery, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, China
| | - Aili Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, China
| | - Moubin Lin
- Department of General Surgery, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, China.
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3
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Kang H, Kim B, Park J, Youn H, Youn B. The Warburg effect on radioresistance: Survival beyond growth. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188988. [PMID: 37726064 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
The Warburg effect is a phenomenon in which cancer cells rely primarily on glycolysis rather than oxidative phosphorylation, even in the presence of oxygen. Although evidence of its involvement in cell proliferation has been discovered, the advantages of the Warburg effect in cancer cell survival under treatment have not been fully elucidated. In recent years, the metabolic characteristics of radioresistant cancer cells have been evaluated, enabling an extension of the original concept of the Warburg effect. In this review, we focused on the role of the Warburg effect in redox homeostasis and DNA damage repair, two critical factors contributing to radioresistance. In addition, we highlighted the metabolic involvement in the radioresistance of cancer stem cells, which is the root cause of tumor recurrence. Finally, we summarized radiosensitizing drugs that target the Warburg effect. Insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the Warburg effect and radioresistance can provide valuable information for developing strategies to enhance the efficacy of radiotherapy and provide future directions for successful cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunkoo Kang
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeongsoo Kim
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Junhyeong Park
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - HyeSook Youn
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea.
| | - BuHyun Youn
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.
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4
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Nogales JMS, Parras J, Zazo S. DDQN-based optimal targeted therapy with reversible inhibitors to combat the Warburg effect. Math Biosci 2023; 363:109044. [PMID: 37414271 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbs.2023.109044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
We cover the Warburg effect with a three-component evolutionary model, where each component represents a different metabolic strategy. In this context, a scenario involving cells expressing three different phenotypes is presented. One tumour phenotype exhibits glycolytic metabolism through glucose uptake and lactate secretion. Lactate is used by a second malignant phenotype to proliferate. The third phenotype represents healthy cells, which performs oxidative phosphorylation. The purpose of this model is to gain a better understanding of the metabolic alterations associated with the Warburg effect. It is suitable to reproduce some of the clinical trials obtained in colorectal cancer and other even more aggressive tumours. It shows that lactate is an indicator of poor prognosis, since it favours the setting of polymorphic tumour equilibria that complicates its treatment. This model is also used to train a reinforcement learning algorithm, known as Double Deep Q-networks, in order to provide the first optimal targeted therapy based on experimental tumour growth inhibitors as genistein and AR-C155858. Our in silico solution includes the optimal therapy for all the tumour state space and also ensures the best possible quality of life for the patients, by considering the duration of treatment, the use of low-dose medications and the existence of possible contraindications. Optimal therapies obtained with Double Deep Q-networks are validated with the solutions of the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose M Sanz Nogales
- Information Processing and Telecommunications Center, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, ETSI Telecomunicación, Av. Complutense 30, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Juan Parras
- Information Processing and Telecommunications Center, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, ETSI Telecomunicación, Av. Complutense 30, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Zazo
- Information Processing and Telecommunications Center, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, ETSI Telecomunicación, Av. Complutense 30, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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5
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Pordel S, Khorrami M, Saadatpour F, Rezaee D, Cho WC, Jahani S, Aghaei-Zarch SM, Hashemi E, Najafi S. The role of microRNA-185 in the pathogenesis of human diseases: A focus on cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 249:154729. [PMID: 37639952 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a widely-studied class of non-coding RNAs characterized by their short length (18-25 nucleotides). The precise functions of miRNAs are not well-elucidated; however, an increasing number of studies suggest their involvement in various physiologic processes and deregulation in pathologic conditions. miRNA-185 (miR-185) is among the mostly-studied miRNAs in human diseases, which is found to play putative roles in conditions like metabolic disorders, asthma, frailty, schizophrenia, and hepatitis. Notably, many cancer studies report the downregulation of miR-185 in cell lines, tumor tissues, and plasma specimens of patients, while it demonstrates a suppressing role on the malignant properties of cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Accordingly, miR-185 can be considered a tumor suppressor miRNA in human malignancies, while a few studies also report inconsistent findings. Being suggested as a prognostic/diagnostic biomarker, mi-185 is also found to offer clinical potentials, particularly for early diagnosis and prediction of the prognosis of cancer patients. In this review, we have outlined the studies that have evaluated the functions and clinical significance of miR-185 in different human diseases with a particular focus on cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safoora Pordel
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Immunology and Allergy, The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Motahare Khorrami
- Immunology Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Saadatpour
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Lab, Department of Microbiology, School of Biology and Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Delsuz Rezaee
- School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - William C Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, 30 Gascoigne Road, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Seyed Mohsen Aghaei-Zarch
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Elham Hashemi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sajad Najafi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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6
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Sin SQ, Mohan CD, Goh RMWJ, You M, Nayak SC, Chen L, Sethi G, Rangappa KS, Wang L. Hypoxia signaling in hepatocellular carcinoma: Challenges and therapeutic opportunities. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2023; 42:741-764. [PMID: 36547748 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-022-10071-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers with a relatively high cancer-related mortality. The uncontrolled proliferation of HCC consumes a significant amount of oxygen, causing the development of a hypoxic tumor microenvironment (TME). Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), crucial regulators in the TME, activate several cancer hallmarks leading to the hepatocarcinogenesis of HCC and resistance to current therapeutics. As such, HIFs and their signaling pathways have been explored as potential therapeutic targets for the future management of HCC. This review discusses the current understanding of the structure and function of HIFs and their complex relationship with the various cancer hallmarks. To address tumor hypoxia, this review provides an insight into the various potential novel therapeutic agents for managing HCC, such as hypoxia-activated prodrugs, HIF inhibitors, nanomaterials, antisense oligonucleotides, and natural compounds, that target HIFs/hypoxic signaling pathways in HCC. Because of HCC's relatively high incidence and mortality rates in the past decades, greater efforts should be put in place to explore novel therapeutic approaches to improve the outcome for HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shant Qinxiang Sin
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | - Mingliang You
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Cancer Institute, Hangzhou, 31002, China
- Affiliated Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 31002, China
| | - Siddaiah Chandra Nayak
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore, 570006, India
| | - Lu Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
- Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Gautam Sethi
- NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Lingzhi Wang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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7
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Schmidt AV, Monga SP, Prochownik EV, Goetzman ES. A Novel Transgenic Mouse Model Implicates Sirt2 as a Promoter of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12618. [PMID: 37628798 PMCID: PMC10454864 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer deaths globally. Incidence rates are steadily increasing, creating an unmet need for new therapeutic options. Recently, the inhibition of sirtuin-2 (Sirt2) was proposed as a potential treatment for HCC, despite contradictory findings of its role as both a tumor promoter and suppressor in vitro. Sirt2 functions as a lysine deacetylase enzyme. However, little is known about its biological influence, despite its implication in several age-related diseases. This study evaluated Sirt2's role in HCC in vivo using an inducible c-MYC transgene in Sirt2+/+ and Sirt2-/- mice. Sirt2-/- HCC mice had smaller, less proliferative, and more differentiated liver tumors, suggesting that Sirt2 functions as a tumor promoter in this context. Furthermore, Sirt2-/- HCCs had significantly less c-MYC oncoprotein and reduction in c-MYC nuclear localization. The RNA-seq showed that only three genes were significantly dysregulated due to loss of Sirt2, suggesting the underlying mechanism is due to Sirt2-mediated changes in the acetylome, and that the therapeutic inhibition of Sirt2 would not perturb the oncogenic transcriptome. The findings of this study suggest that Sirt2 inhibition could be a promising molecular target for slowing HCC growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra V. Schmidt
- Division of Genetic and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Satdarshan P. Monga
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Edward V. Prochownik
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Eric S. Goetzman
- Division of Genetic and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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8
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Albrecht CJ, Stumpf FM, Krüger L, Niedermeier ML, Stengel F, Marx A. Chemical proteomics reveals interactors of the alarmone diadenosine triphosphate in the cancer cell line H1299. J Pept Sci 2023; 29:e3458. [PMID: 36264037 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular dinucleoside polyphosphates (Npn Ns) have been known for decades but the functional role remains enigmatic. Diadenosine triphosphate (Ap3 A) is one of the most prominent examples, and its intercellular concentration was shown to increase upon cellular stress. By employment of previously reported Ap3 A-based photoaffinity-labeling probes (PALPs) in chemical proteomics, we investigated the Ap3 A interactome in the human lung carcinoma cell line H1299. The cell line is deficient of the fragile histidine triade (Fhit) protein, a hydrolase of Ap3 A and tumor suppressor. Overall, the number of identified potential interaction partners was significantly lower than in the previously investigated HEK293T cell line. Gene ontology term analysis revealed that the identified proteins participate in similar pathways as for HEK293T, but the percentage of proteins involved in RNA-related processes is higher for H1299. The obtained results highlight similarities and differences of the Ap3 A interaction network in different cell lines and give further indications regarding the importance of the presence of Fhit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph J Albrecht
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.,Konstanz Research School-Chemical Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Florian M Stumpf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.,Konstanz Research School-Chemical Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Lena Krüger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.,Konstanz Research School-Chemical Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Marie L Niedermeier
- Konstanz Research School-Chemical Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.,Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Florian Stengel
- Konstanz Research School-Chemical Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.,Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Andreas Marx
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.,Konstanz Research School-Chemical Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
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9
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Mushroom-Derived Compounds as Metabolic Modulators in Cancer. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031441. [PMID: 36771106 PMCID: PMC9920867 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is responsible for lifelong disability and decreased quality of life. Cancer-associated changes in metabolism, in particular carbohydrate, lipid, and protein, offer a new paradigm of metabolic hits. Hence, targeting the latter, as well as related cross-linked signalling pathways, can reverse the malignant phenotype of transformed cells. The systemic toxicity and pharmacokinetic limitations of existing drugs prompt the discovery of multi-targeted and safe compounds from natural products. Mushrooms possess biological activities relevant to disease-fighting and to the prevention of cancer. They have a long-standing tradition of use in ethnomedicine and have been included as an adjunct therapy during and after oncological care. Mushroom-derived compounds have also been reported to target the key signature of cancer cells in in vitro and in vivo studies. The identification of metabolic pathways whose inhibition selectively affects cancer cells appears as an interesting approach to halting cell proliferation. For instance, panepoxydone exerted protective mechanisms against breast cancer initiation and progression by suppressing lactate dehydrogenase A expression levels and reinducing lactate dehydrogenase B expression levels. This further led to the accumulation of pyruvate, the activation of the electron transport chain, and increased levels of reactive oxygen species, which eventually triggered mitochondrial apoptosis in the breast cancer cells. Furthermore, the inhibition of hexokinase 2 by neoalbaconol induced selective cytotoxicity against nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell lines, and these effects were also observed in mouse models. Finally, GL22 inhibited hepatic tumour growth by downregulating the mRNA levels of fatty acid-binding proteins and blocking fatty acid transport and impairing cardiolipin biosynthesis. The present review, therefore, will highlight how the metabolites isolated from mushrooms can target potential biomarkers in metabolic reprogramming.
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10
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El Sayed SM. Biochemical Origin of the Warburg Effect in Light of 15 Years of Research Experience: A Novel Evidence-Based View (An Expert Opinion Article). Onco Targets Ther 2023; 16:143-155. [PMID: 36911533 PMCID: PMC9997657 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s397593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells strongly upregulate glucose uptake and glycolysis to produce vital biomolecules for cancer cell survival, proliferation, and metastasis as ATP, lipids, proteins, nucleotides, and lactate. The Warburg effect is tumours' unique glucose oxidation to give lactate (not pyruvate) even in the presence of oxygen. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD/NADH.H) is used in glycolysis via glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Both catalyse reversible biochemical reactions to produce 1,3-diphosphoglycerate and lactate, respectively. In this expert opinion and based on published evidence, the author suggests that: "In transformed cells and hyperglycolytic cancer cells, the Warburg effect (permanent conversion of pyruvate to lactate) occurs secondary to a vicious cycle and a closed circuit between GAPDH and LDH (reaction of carcinogenesis) causing increased endogenous oxidative stress and subsequent carcinogenesis. Mitochondrial defects in cancer cells cause hyperglycolysis resulting in NADH.H accumulation (produced during GAPDH step) that obligatorily drives LDH to become an irreversible reaction in the direction of lactate formation (Warburg effect) but not pyruvate formation. Likewise, LDH oxidizes NADH.H producing excessive NAD+ that secondarily drives GAPDH reaction to be irreversible to produce NADH.H and so on. Pyruvate is an antioxidant while lactate is pro-oxidant, causing increased endogenous oxidative stress in cancer cells, tumour's hypoxia and obligatory hyperglycolysis with NADH.H overproduction (GAPDH step) to be consumed in the LDH step for lactate production and NAD+ generation (utilized by GAPDH) and so on". This confirms Warburg's origin of cancer cells. Best anticancer applications based on this hypothesis are: breaking this closed vicious circle using siRNA to target GAPDH and LDH, avoiding strong oxidants (as many cancer chemotherapeutics), and using strong antioxidants for causing antioxidant-oxidant antagonism or antioxidant-lactate antagonism to inhibit the Warburg effect. Strong natural antioxidants of prophetic medicine (related to Prophet Muhammad peace be upon him) such as Zamzam water, Nigella sativa, costus, Ajwa date fruit, olive oil, Al-hijamah and natural honey are strongly recommended to prevent and antagonize the Warburg effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salah Mohamed El Sayed
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, Taibah College of Medicine, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt.,Prophetic Medicine Course and Research, Taibah College of Medicine, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
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11
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Lu TJ, Yang YF, Cheng CF, Tu YT, Chen YR, Lee MC, Tsai KW. Phosphofructokinase Platelet Overexpression Accelerated Colorectal Cancer Cell Growth and Motility. J Cancer 2023; 14:943-951. [PMID: 37151384 PMCID: PMC10158518 DOI: 10.7150/jca.82738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Glycolysis is a glucose metabolism pathway that generates the high-energy compound adenosine triphosphate, which supports cancer cell growth. Phosphofructokinase platelet (PFKP) plays a crucial role in glycolysis regulation and is involved in human cancer progression. However, the biological function of PFKP remains unclear in colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods: We analyzed the expression levels of PFKF in colon cancer cells and clinical samples using real-time PCR and western blot techniques. To determine the clinical significance of PFKP expression in colorectal cancer (CRC), we analyzed public databases. In addition, we conducted in vitro assays to investigate the effects of PFKP on cell growth, cell cycle, and motility. Results: An analysis by the Cancer Genome Atlas database revealed that PFKP was significantly overexpressed in CRC. We examined the levels of PFKP mRNA and protein, revealing that PFKP expression was significantly increased in CRC. The results of the univariate Cox regression analysis showed that high PFKP expression was linked to worse disease-specific survival (DSS) and overall survival (OS) [DSS: crude hazard ratio (CHR) = 1.84, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01-3.36, p = 0.047; OS: CHR=1.91, 95% CI: 1.06-3.43, p = 0.031]. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that high PFKP expression was an independent prognostic biomarker for the DSS and OS of patients with CRC (DSS: adjusted HR = 2.07, 95% CI: 1.13-3.79, p = 0.018; AHR = 2.34, 95% CI: 1.29-4.25, p = 0.005). PFKP knockdown reduced the proliferation, colony formation, and invasion of CRC cells. In addition, the knockdown induced cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase by impairing cell cycle-related protein expression. Conclusion: Overexpression of PFKP contributes to the growth and invasion of CRC by regulating cell cycle progression. PFKP expression can serve as a valuable molecular biomarker for cancer prognosis and a potential therapeutic target for treating CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzung-Ju Lu
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Fen Yang
- Pulmonary function Laboratory, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital
| | - Ching-Feng Cheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ting Tu
- Department of Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ru Chen
- Department of Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Cheng Lee
- Department of Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Wang Tsai
- Department of Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Cardinal Tien Junior College of Healthcare and Management, Taiwan
- ✉ Corresponding author: Kuo-Wang Tsai, Department of Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei, Taiwan, R. O. C. E-Mail:
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12
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Ge W, Meng L, Cao S, Hou C, Zhu X, Huang D, Li Q, Peng Y, Jiang K. The SIX1/LDHA Axis Promotes Lactate Accumulation and Leads to NK Cell Dysfunction in Pancreatic Cancer. J Immunol Res 2023; 2023:6891636. [PMID: 36937004 PMCID: PMC10022590 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6891636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a malignant cancer with poor prognosis and high mortality rate. Sine oculis homeobox homolog 1 (SIX1) participates in the development of many cancers. However, the function of SIX1 in PC is not fully understood. Methods SIX1 expression was determined using immunohistochemistry in PC tissues and cell lines. Glucose consumption, lactate production, and ATP assays were used to detect the function of SIX1. PC cells and NK cells were cocultured to study the effect of SIX1 overexpression in PC cells on NK cell function. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays were used to study the relationship between SIX1 and lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA). A series of in vitro and in vivo assays were further applied to elucidate the important role of the SIX1/LDHA axis in metabolism and NK cell dysfunction in PC. Results SIX1 was significantly upregulated in PC tissue; SIX1 overexpression promoted the glycolysis capacity of PANC-1 and CFPAC-1 cells and resulted in NK cell dysfunction after the NK cells had been cultured with PC cells. LDHA inhibitor partially restored the promotion of PC caused by SIX1 overexpression. According to ChIP assays, SIX1 directly binds to the LDHA promoter region. Moreover, LDHA inhibitor and lactate transporter blocker treatment promoted the function of NK cells cocultured with PC cells. In vivo experiments yielded the same results. Conclusion The SIX1/LDHA axis promotes lactate accumulation and leads to NK cell dysfunction in PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanli Ge
- 1Pancreas Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- 2Pancreas Institute, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lingdong Meng
- 1Pancreas Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- 2Pancreas Institute, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shouji Cao
- 3Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- 4Thyroid Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, China
| | - Chaoqun Hou
- 1Pancreas Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- 2Pancreas Institute, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaole Zhu
- 1Pancreas Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- 2Pancreas Institute, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dongya Huang
- 1Pancreas Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- 2Pancreas Institute, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiang Li
- 1Pancreas Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- 2Pancreas Institute, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yunpeng Peng
- 1Pancreas Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- 2Pancreas Institute, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kuirong Jiang
- 1Pancreas Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- 2Pancreas Institute, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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13
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Hypoxia-driven metabolic heterogeneity and immune evasive behaviour of gastrointestinal cancers: Elements of a recipe for disaster. Cytokine 2022; 156:155917. [PMID: 35660715 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2022.155917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers refer to a group of malignancies associated with the GI tract (GIT). Like other solid tumors, hypoxic regions consistently feature inside the GI tumor microenvironment (TME) and contribute towards metabolic reprogramming of tumor-resident cells by modulating hypoxia-induced factors. We highlight here how the metabolic crosstalk between cancer cells and immune cells generate immunosuppressive environment inside hypoxic tumors. Given the fluctuating nature of tumor hypoxia, the metabolic fluxes between immune cells and cancer cells change dynamically. These changes alter cellular phenotypes and functions, resulting in the acceleration of cancer progression. These evolved properties of hypoxic tumors make metabolism-targeting monotherapy approaches or immunotherapy-measures unsuccessful. The current review highlights the advantages of combined immunometabolic treatment strategies to target hypoxic GI cancers and also identifies research areas to develop better combinational therapeutics for future.
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14
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Biagioni A, Peri S, Schiavone N, Giommoni E, Papucci L. Editorial: Redox Potential and Metabolic Behavior in Gastrointestinal Cancers. Front Oncol 2022; 12:882237. [PMID: 35574349 PMCID: PMC9092526 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.882237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Biagioni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Sara Peri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Nicola Schiavone
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Elisa Giommoni
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology and Robotic Surgery, AOU Careggi, Firenze, Italy
| | - Laura Papucci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
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15
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Zhu QW, Yu Y, Zhang Y, Wang XH. VLCAD inhibits the proliferation and invasion of hepatocellular cancer cells through regulating PI3K/AKT axis. Clin Transl Oncol 2022; 24:864-874. [PMID: 35001339 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-021-02733-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Very-long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (VLCAD) is an essential mediator in fatty acid metabolism. The progression of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is closely associated with the disorder of energy supply. Here, we aimed to investigate the role and underlying molecule mechanism of VLCAD in pathological process of HCC. METHODS In this study, VLCAD was induced silencing and overexpression using small hairpin RNA (shRNA) and lentiviral-mediated vector in HCC cell lines. The proliferation of HCC cells was determined using CCK-8 assay. Transwell assay and lung metastasis were performed to analysis cell metastasis in vitro and in vivo. ECAR and OCR were used to evaluate the activity of glycolysis and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. RESULTS Our data indicated that VLCAD was downregulated in human HCC tissues and cells. VLCAD overexpression strongly suppressed the proliferation and metastasis of HCC cells associating with the decrease of ATP accumulation and glycolysis activity. Importantly, the PI3K/AKT inhibitor LY294002 strongly abolished the role of shVLCAD in HCC cells. Our results suggested that VLCAD suppressed the growth and metastasis in HCC cells by inhibiting the activities of glycolysis and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation metabolism via PI3K/AKT pathway. CONCLUSIONS Together, present findings not only demonstrated the protective role of and molecular network of VLCAD in HCC cells but also indicated its and potential use as a target in the therapy of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q W Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue Yu
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - X H Wang
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation (Nanjing Medical University), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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16
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Li Y, Liu X, Bai X, Wang Y, Leng L, Zhang H, Li Y, Cao Z, Luan P, Xiao F, Gao H, Sun Y, Wang N, Li H, Wang S. Genetic parameters estimation and genome‐wide association studies for internal organ traits in an F
2
chicken population. J Anim Breed Genet 2022; 139:434-446. [DOI: 10.1111/jbg.12674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yudong Li
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Harbin P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Education Department of Heilongjiang Province Harbin P.R. China
- College of Animal Science and Technology Northeast Agricultural University Harbin P.R. China
| | - Xin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Harbin P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Education Department of Heilongjiang Province Harbin P.R. China
- College of Animal Science and Technology Northeast Agricultural University Harbin P.R. China
| | - Xue Bai
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Harbin P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Education Department of Heilongjiang Province Harbin P.R. China
- College of Animal Science and Technology Northeast Agricultural University Harbin P.R. China
| | - Yuxiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Harbin P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Education Department of Heilongjiang Province Harbin P.R. China
- College of Animal Science and Technology Northeast Agricultural University Harbin P.R. China
| | - Li Leng
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Harbin P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Education Department of Heilongjiang Province Harbin P.R. China
- College of Animal Science and Technology Northeast Agricultural University Harbin P.R. China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Harbin P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Education Department of Heilongjiang Province Harbin P.R. China
- College of Animal Science and Technology Northeast Agricultural University Harbin P.R. China
| | - Yumao Li
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Harbin P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Education Department of Heilongjiang Province Harbin P.R. China
- College of Animal Science and Technology Northeast Agricultural University Harbin P.R. China
| | - Zhiping Cao
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Harbin P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Education Department of Heilongjiang Province Harbin P.R. China
- College of Animal Science and Technology Northeast Agricultural University Harbin P.R. China
| | - Peng Luan
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Harbin P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Education Department of Heilongjiang Province Harbin P.R. China
- College of Animal Science and Technology Northeast Agricultural University Harbin P.R. China
| | - Fan Xiao
- Fujian Sunnzer Biotechnology Development Co., Ltd Guangze P.R. China
| | - Haihe Gao
- Fujian Sunnzer Biotechnology Development Co., Ltd Guangze P.R. China
| | - Yuhang Sun
- Fujian Sunnzer Biotechnology Development Co., Ltd Guangze P.R. China
| | - Ning Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Harbin P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Education Department of Heilongjiang Province Harbin P.R. China
- College of Animal Science and Technology Northeast Agricultural University Harbin P.R. China
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Harbin P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Education Department of Heilongjiang Province Harbin P.R. China
- College of Animal Science and Technology Northeast Agricultural University Harbin P.R. China
| | - Shouzhi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Harbin P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Education Department of Heilongjiang Province Harbin P.R. China
- College of Animal Science and Technology Northeast Agricultural University Harbin P.R. China
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Yang H, Zhang MZH, Sun HW, Chai YT, Li X, Jiang Q, Hou J. A Novel Microcrystalline BAY-876 Formulation Achieves Long-Acting Antitumor Activity Against Aerobic Glycolysis and Proliferation of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:783194. [PMID: 34869036 PMCID: PMC8636331 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.783194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BAY-876 is an effective antagonist of the Glucose transporter type 1 (GLUT1) receptor, a mediator of aerobic glycolysis, a biological process considered a hallmark of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) together with cell proliferation, drug-resistance, and metastasis. However, the clinical application of BAY-876 has faced many challenges. In the presence study, we describe the formulation of a novel microcrystalline BAY-876 formulation. A series of HCC tumor models were established to determine not only the sustained release of microcrystalline BAY-876, but also its long-acting antitumor activity. The clinical role of BAY-876 was confirmed by the increased expression of GLUT1, which was associated with the worse prognosis among advanced HCC patients. A single dose of injection of microcrystalline BAY-876 directly in the HCC tissue achieved sustained localized levels of Bay-876. Moreover, the single injection of microcrystalline BAY-876 in HCC tissues not only inhibited glucose uptake and prolonged proliferation of HCC cells, but also inhibited the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related factors. Thus, the microcrystalline BAY-876 described in this study can directly achieve promising localized effects, given its limited diffusion to other tissues, thereby reducing the occurrence of potential side effects, and providing an additional option for advanced HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Cancer Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy, Baoding, China
| | - Mu-Zi-He Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical Security Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hui-Wei Sun
- Department of Infectious Disease, Institute of Infectious Disease, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Tao Chai
- Department of Infectious Disease, Institute of Infectious Disease, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojuan Li
- Department of Infectious Disease, Institute of Infectious Disease, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qiyu Jiang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Institute of Infectious Disease, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Hou
- Department of Infectious Disease, Institute of Infectious Disease, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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LINC00665 Targets miR-214-3p/MAPK1 Axis to Accelerate Hepatocellular Carcinoma Growth and Warburg Effect. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2021; 2021:9046798. [PMID: 34804162 PMCID: PMC8598336 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9046798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of aerobic glycolysis is a hopeful method for cancer treatment. In this study, we aimed to explore LINC00665/miR-214-3p/MAPK1 role in regulating cell viability and aerobic glycolysis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The expressions of LINC00665 in 50 paired HCC tissues and normal tissues were determined by qRT-PCR. Pearson analysis was applied to evaluate the association between the expression levels of miR-214-3p, LINC00665, and MAPK1 in HCC tissues. The interactions between miR-214-3p and LINC00665 or MAPK1 were determined by luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation. CCK-8 and colony formation assays were used for cell viability evaluation. Lactate production, glucose consumption, and ATP levels were measured to assess Warburg effect. The results showed that LINC00665 was overexpressed in HCC, which positively associated with MAPK1 level and negatively associated with miR-214-3p level in HCC tissues. Overexpression of LINC00665 led to significant enhancements in cell viability and colony formation, whereas this effect was weakened when miR-214-3p was overexpressed or MAPK1 was downregulated. In addition, deletion of LINC00665 expression repressed tumor formation in vivo. Mechanically, LINC00665 increased MAPK1 expression through binding to miR-214-3p. Collectively, this study revealed that LINC00665 accelerated cell growth and Warburg effect through sponging miR-214-3p to increase MAPK1 expression in HCC.
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Silencing PFKP restrains the stemness of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Exp Cell Res 2021; 407:112789. [PMID: 34418458 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glycolysis reprogramming is deeply involved in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), in which HCC cells with stemness traits play important roles as well. Thus, whether platelet isoform of phosphofructokinase 1 (PFKP), a rate-limiting enzyme in glycolysis, contributes to the maintenance of stemness of HCC cells is worth investigation. METHODS PFKP levels were compared between human hepatocellular carcinoma and adjacent normal tissues by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. The relationship between PFKP expression and clinic pathological features was also analyzed. Furthermore, the colony formation capabilities and the levels of stemness markers (ALDH1, CD44, CD133, Sox-2) as well as β-catenin were compared between HCC cells either undergoing PFKP silencing or overexpression. RESULTS PFKP levels were higher in HCC as compared to normal hepatic tissues. Silencing PFKP decreased HCC proliferation, colony formation capabilities, and levels of stemness markers and β-catenin; whereas overexpressing PFKP demonstrated the opposite effects. CONCLUSION PFKP promoted HCC proliferation and contributed to the maintenance of HCC stemness. Silencing PFKP could restrain the stemness of HCC, suggesting that PFKP may be a potential therapeutic target for HCC treatment.
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Mitochondrial Metabolic Signatures in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cells 2021; 10:cells10081901. [PMID: 34440674 PMCID: PMC8391498 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer death worldwide. HCC progression and metastasis are closely related to altered mitochondrial metabolism, including mitochondrial stress responses, metabolic reprogramming, and mitoribosomal defects. Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) defects and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production are attributed to mitochondrial dysfunction. In response to oxidative stress caused by increased ROS production, misfolded or unfolded proteins can accumulate in the mitochondrial matrix, leading to initiation of the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt). The mitokines FGF21 and GDF15 are upregulated during UPRmt and their levels are positively correlated with liver cancer development, progression, and metastasis. In addition, mitoribosome biogenesis is important for the regulation of mitochondrial respiration, cell viability, and differentiation. Mitoribosomal defects cause OXPHOS impairment, mitochondrial dysfunction, and increased production of ROS, which are associated with HCC progression in mouse models and human HCC patients. In this paper, we focus on the role of mitochondrial metabolic signatures in the development and progression of HCC. Furthermore, we provide a comprehensive review of cell autonomous and cell non-autonomous mitochondrial stress responses during HCC progression and metastasis.
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21
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Assali M, Kittana N, Dayyeh S, Khiar N. Dual covalent functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes for effective targeted cancer therapy. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:205101. [PMID: 33561838 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abe48c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapy is a mainstay strategy in the management of cancer. Regrettably, current chemotherapeutic agents are cytotoxic not only to cancer cells but also to healthy cells, resulting in dose-limiting serious side effects. Therefore, many researchers are eager to develop new drug delivery systems that may help to decrease the side effects and the target delivery of chemotherapy to cancer cells. One of the epochal drug delivery systems in this field is based on carbon nanotubes technology. The aim of this work is the dual covalent functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with doxorubicin (DOX) connected with acid-labile linkage and mannose (Man) as a targeting agent. The characterization of the developed nano-drug by transmission electron microscopy showed good dispersibility of the functionalized SWCNTs with diameters (6-10) nm. Moreover, the percentage of functionalization was determined by thermogravimetric analysis showing 25% of functionalization in the case of SWNCTs-NHN-DOX (7) and 51% for SWCNTs-Man-NHN-DOX (11). The in vitro release profile of Dox from SWNCTs-NHN-DOX (7) showed 45% of the loaded drug was released over 18 h at pH 7.4 and almost complete release at pH 6.4 at 37 °C. However, the in vitro release profile of Dox from SWCNTs-Man-NHN-DOX (11) showed 75% of the loaded drug was released over 5 h at pH 6.4 at 37 °C. The cytotoxic effect of the compounds was studied on liver cancer cells (HepG2) at different concentrations and different pH conditions and was compared with DOX alone. The cytotoxicity of compounds SWCNTs-NHN-DOX (7) and SWCNTs-Man-NHN-DOX (11) was enhanced at pH 6.5, where the cell viability in both test compounds was significantly reduced by almost 50% compared to the cell viability at pH 7.4 for the same test compound Moreover, the pre-incubation of cells with different concentrations of mannose reduced the cytotoxicity of compound (11) by more than 50%, suggesting that the entry of this complex could be at least in part facilitated by mannose receptors, which imparts this complex a kind of selectivity for cancer cells that overexpress this type of receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohyeddin Assali
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, PO Box 7, Nablus, Palestine †
| | - Naim Kittana
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, An Najah National University, PO Box 7, Nablus, Palestine †
| | - Safa' Dayyeh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, PO Box 7, Nablus, Palestine †
| | - Noureddine Khiar
- Asymmetric Synthesis and Functional Nanosystems Group, Institute of Chemical Research-Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. AméricoVespucio, E-41092 Seville, Spain
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