1
|
Kase AM, Gleba J, Miller JL, Miller E, Petit J, Barrett MT, Zhou Y, Parent EE, Cai H, Knight JA, Orme J, Reynolds J, Durham WF, Metz TM, Meurice N, Edenfield B, Alasonyalilar Demirer A, Bilgili A, Hickman PG, Pawlush ML, Marlow L, Wickland DP, Tan W, Copland JA. Patient-Derived Tumor Xenograft Study with CDK4/6 Inhibitor Plus AKT Inhibitor for the Management of Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2024; 23:823-835. [PMID: 38442920 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-23-0296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) is an aggressive malignancy with poor outcomes. To investigate novel therapeutic strategies, we characterized three new metastatic prostate cancer patient derived-tumor xenograft (PDTX) models and developed 3D spheroids from each to investigate molecular targeted therapy combinations including CDK4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) with AKT inhibitors (ATKi). Metastatic prostate cancer tissue was collected and three PDTX models were established and characterized using whole-exome sequencing. PDTX 3D spheroids were developed from these three PDTXs to show resistance patterns and test novel molecular-targeted therapies. CDK4/6i's were combined with AKTi's to assess synergistic antitumor response to prove our hypothesis that blockade of AKT overcomes drug resistance to CDK4/6i. This combination was evaluated in PDTX three-dimensional (3D) spheroids and in vivo experiments with responses measured by tumor volumes, PSA, and Ga-68 PSMA-11 PET-CT imaging. We demonstrated CDK4/6i's with AKTi's possess synergistic antitumor activity in three mCRPC PDTX models. These models have multiple unique pathogenic and deleterious genomic alterations with resistance to single-agent CDK4/6i's. Despite this, combination therapy with AKTi's was able to overcome resistance mechanisms. The IHC and Western blot analysis confirmed on target effects, whereas tumor volume, serum PSA ELISA, and radionuclide imaging demonstrated response to therapy with statistically significant SUV differences seen with Ga-68 PSMA-11 PET-CT. These preclinical data demonstrating antitumor synergy by overcoming single-agent CDK 4/6i as well as AKTi drug resistance provide the rational for a clinical trial combining a CDK4/6i with an AKTi in patients with mCRPC whose tumor expresses wild-type retinoblastoma 1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam M Kase
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Justyna Gleba
- Cancer Biology Department, Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, Florida
| | - James L Miller
- Cancer Biology Department, Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Erin Miller
- Cancer Biology Department, Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Joachim Petit
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Mayo Clinic Scottsdale, Arizona
| | | | - Yumei Zhou
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Mayo Clinic Scottsdale, Arizona
| | | | - Hancheng Cai
- Radiology Department, Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Joshua A Knight
- Cancer Biology Department, Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Jacob Orme
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Jordan Reynolds
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, Florida
| | | | - Thomas M Metz
- Charles River Discovery Research Services Germany, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nathalie Meurice
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Mayo Clinic Scottsdale, Arizona
| | | | | | - Ahmet Bilgili
- Cancer Biology Department, Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, Florida
| | | | | | - Laura Marlow
- Cancer Biology Department, Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Daniel P Wickland
- Division of Computational Biology, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Winston Tan
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, Florida
| | - John A Copland
- Cancer Biology Department, Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, Florida
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sharifi MN, O'Regan RM, Wisinski KB. Is the Androgen Receptor a Viable Target in Triple Negative Breast Cancer in 5 Years? Clin Breast Cancer 2023; 23:813-824. [PMID: 37419745 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2023.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is characterized by high rates of disease recurrence after definitive therapy, and median survival of less than 18 months in the metastatic setting. Systemic therapy options for TNBC consist primarily of cytotoxic chemotherapy-containing regimens, and while recently FDA-approved chemo-immunotherapy combinations and antibody-drug conjugates such as Sacituzumab govitecan have improved clinical outcomes, there remains an unmet need for more effective and less toxic therapies. A subset of TNBC expresses the androgen receptor (AR), a nuclear hormone steroid receptor that activates an androgen-responsive transcriptional program, and gene expression profiling has revealed a TNBC molecular subtype with AR expression and luminal and androgen responsive features. Both preclinical and clinical data suggest biologic similarities between luminal AR (LAR) TNBC and ER+ luminal breast cancer, including lower proliferative activity, relative chemoresistance, and high rates of oncogenic activating mutations in the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) pathway. Preclinical LAR-TNBC models are sensitive to androgen signaling inhibitors (ASIs), and particularly given the availability of FDA-approved ASIs with robust efficacy in prostate cancer, there has been great interest in targeting this pathway in AR+ TNBC. Here, we review the underlying biology and completed and ongoing androgen-targeted therapy studies in early stage and metastatic AR+ TNBC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina N Sharifi
- UW Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, WI.
| | - Ruth M O'Regan
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY
| | - Kari B Wisinski
- UW Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, WI
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lautert-Dutra W, Melo CM, Chaves LP, Souza FC, Crozier C, Sundby AE, Woroszchuk E, Saggioro FP, Avante FS, dos Reis RB, Squire JA, Bayani J. Identification of tumor-agnostic biomarkers for predicting prostate cancer progression and biochemical recurrence. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1280943. [PMID: 37965470 PMCID: PMC10641020 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1280943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The diverse clinical outcomes of prostate cancer have led to the development of gene signature assays predicting disease progression. Improved prostate cancer progression biomarkers are needed as current RNA biomarker tests have varying success for intermediate prostate cancer. Interest grows in universal gene signatures for invasive carcinoma progression. Early breast and prostate cancers share characteristics, including hormone dependence and BRCA1/2 mutations. Given the similarities in the pathobiology of breast and prostate cancer, we utilized the NanoString BC360 panel, comprising the validated PAM50 classifier and pathway-specific signatures associated with general tumor progression as well as breast cancer-specific classifiers. This retrospective cohort of primary prostate cancers (n=53) was stratified according to biochemical recurrence (BCR) status and the CAPRA-S to identify genes related to high-risk disease. Two public cohort (TCGA-PRAD and GSE54460) were used to validate the results. Expression profiling of our cohort uncovered associations between PIP and INHBA with BCR and high CAPRA-S score, as well as associations between VCAN, SFRP2, and THBS4 and BCR. Despite low levels of the ESR1 gene compared to AR, we found strong expression of the ER signaling signature, suggesting that BCR may be driven by ER-mediated pathways. Kaplan-Meier and univariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis indicated the expression of ESR1, PGR, VCAN, and SFRP2 could predict the occurrence of relapse events. This is in keeping with the pathways represented by these genes which contribute to angiogenesis and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. It is likely that VCAN works by activating the stroma and remodeling the tumor microenvironment. Additionally, SFRP2 overexpression has been associated with increased tumor size and reduced survival rates in breast cancer and among prostate cancer patients who experienced BCR. ESR1 influences disease progression by activating stroma, stimulating stem/progenitor prostate cancer, and inducing TGF-β. Estrogen signaling may therefore serve as a surrogate to AR signaling during progression and in hormone-refractory disease, particularly in prostate cancer patients with stromal-rich tumors. Collectively, the use of agnostic biomarkers developed for breast cancer stratification has facilitated a precise clinical classification of patients undergoing radical prostatectomy and highlighted the therapeutic potential of targeting estrogen signaling in prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William Lautert-Dutra
- Department of Genetics, Medical School of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Camila M. Melo
- Department of Genetics, Medical School of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Luiz P. Chaves
- Department of Genetics, Medical School of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Francisco C. Souza
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Medical School of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Cheryl Crozier
- Diagnostic Development, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Adam E. Sundby
- Diagnostic Development, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Woroszchuk
- Diagnostic Development, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Fabiano P. Saggioro
- Department of Pathology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Filipe S. Avante
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Medical School of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo B. dos Reis
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Medical School of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Jeremy A. Squire
- Department of Genetics, Medical School of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Jane Bayani
- Diagnostic Development, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Piombino C, Oltrecolli M, Tonni E, Pirola M, Matranga R, Baldessari C, Pipitone S, Dominici M, Sabbatini R, Vitale MG. De Novo Metastatic Prostate Cancer: Are We Moving toward a Personalized Treatment? Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4945. [PMID: 37894312 PMCID: PMC10605467 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15204945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
De novo metastatic hormone-sensitive PC (mHSPC) accounts for 5-10% of all prostate cancer (PC) diagnoses but it is responsible for nearly 50% of PC-related deaths. Since 2015, the prognosis of mHSPC has slightly improved thanks to the introduction of new hormonal agents and chemotherapy combined with androgen deprivation therapy from the first-line setting. This review describes the current therapeutic opportunities for de novo mHSPC, focusing on potential molecular biomarkers identified in the main clinical trials that have modified the standard of care, the genomic features of de novo mHSPC, and the principal ongoing trials that are investigating new therapeutic approaches and the efficacy of a biomarker-guided treatment in this setting. The road toward personalized treatment for de novo mHSPC is still long, considering that the randomized clinical trials, which have furnished the basis of the current therapeutic options, stratified patients according to clinical criteria that did not necessarily reflect the biological rationale of the chosen therapy. The role of transcriptomic profiling of mHSPC as a predictive biomarker requires further validation, and it remains to be ascertained how the genomic variants detected in mHSPC, which are regarded as predictive in the castration-resistant disease, can be exploited in the mHSPC setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Piombino
- Division of Oncology, Department of Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital of Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Marco Oltrecolli
- Division of Oncology, Department of Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital of Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Elena Tonni
- Division of Oncology, Department of Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital of Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Marta Pirola
- Division of Oncology, Department of Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital of Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Rossana Matranga
- Division of Oncology, Department of Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital of Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Cinza Baldessari
- Division of Oncology, Department of Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital of Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Stefania Pipitone
- Division of Oncology, Department of Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital of Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Massimo Dominici
- Division of Oncology, Department of Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital of Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy
- Laboratory of Cellular Therapy, Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Roberto Sabbatini
- Division of Oncology, Department of Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital of Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Maria Giuseppa Vitale
- Division of Oncology, Department of Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital of Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lam W, Arammash M, Cai W, Guan F, Jiang Z, Liu SH, Cheng P, Cheng YC. YIV-818-A: a novel therapeutic agent in prostate cancer management through androgen receptor downregulation, glucocorticoid receptor inhibition, epigenetic regulation, and enhancement of apalutamide, darolutamide, and enzalutamide efficacy. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1244655. [PMID: 37860121 PMCID: PMC10582333 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1244655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death among men in the United States. Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (CRPC) often develops resistance to androgen deprivation therapy. Resistance in CRPC is often driven by AR variants and glucocorticoid receptor (GR). Thus, drugs that target both could be vital in overcoming resistance. Methods: Utilizing the STAR Drug Discovery Platform, three hundred medicinal plant extracts were examined across 25 signaling pathways to identify potential drug candidates. Effects of the botanical drug YIV-818-A, derived from optimized water extracts of Rubia cordifolia (R.C.), on Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) or Dexamethasone (DEX) induced luciferase activity were assessed in 22RV1 cells harboring the ARE luciferase reporter. Furthermore, the key active compounds in YIV-818-A were identified through activity guided purification. The inhibitory effects of YIV-818-A, RA-V, and RA-VII on AR and GR activities, their impact on AR target genes, and their roles in modifying epigenetic status were investigated. Finally, the synergistic effects of these compounds with established CRPC drugs were evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. Results: YIV-818-A was found to effectively inhibit DHT or DEX induced luciferase activity in 22RV1 cells. Deoxybouvardin (RA-V) was identified as the key active compound responsible for inhibiting AR and GR activities. Both YIV-818-A and RA-V, along with RA-VII, effectively downregulated AR and AR-V proteins through inhibiting protein synthesis, impacted the expression of AR target genes, and modified the epigenetic status by reducing levels of Bromodomain and Extra-Terminal proteins (Brd2/Brd4) and H3K27Ac. Furthermore, these compounds exhibited synergistic effects with apalutamide, darolutamide, or enzalutamide, and suppressed AR mediated luciferase activity of 22RV1 cells. Co-administration of YIV-818-A and enzalutamide led to a significant reduction of 22RV1 tumor growth in vivo. Different sources of R.C. had variable levels of RA-V, correlating with their potency in AR inhibition. Discussion: YIV-818-A, RA-V, and RA-VII show considerable promise in addressing drug resistance in CRPC by targeting both AR protein and GR function, along with modulation of vital epigenetic markers. Given the established safety profile of YIV-818-A, these findings suggest its potential as a chemopreventive agent and a robust anti-prostate cancer drug.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wing Lam
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Mohammad Arammash
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Wei Cai
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
| | - Fulan Guan
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Zaoli Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | | | | | - Yung-Chi Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Varaprasad GL, Gupta VK, Prasad K, Kim E, Tej MB, Mohanty P, Verma HK, Raju GSR, Bhaskar L, Huh YS. Recent advances and future perspectives in the therapeutics of prostate cancer. Exp Hematol Oncol 2023; 12:80. [PMID: 37740236 PMCID: PMC10517568 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-023-00444-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC) is one of the most common cancers in males and the fifth leading reason of death. Age, ethnicity, family history, and genetic defects are major factors that determine the aggressiveness and lethality of PC. The African population is at the highest risk of developing high-grade PC. It can be challenging to distinguish between low-risk and high-risk patients due to the slow progression of PC. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a revolutionary discovery for the identification of PC. However, it has led to an increase in over diagnosis and over treatment of PC in the past few decades. Even if modifications are made to the standard PSA testing, the specificity has not been found to be significant. Our understanding of PC genetics and proteomics has improved due to advances in different fields. New serum, urine, and tissue biomarkers, such as PC antigen 3 (PCA3), have led to various new diagnostic tests, such as the prostate health index, 4K score, and PCA3. These tests significantly reduce the number of unnecessary and repeat biopsies performed. Chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and prostatectomy are standard treatment options. However, newer novel hormone therapy drugs with a better response have been identified. Androgen deprivation and hormonal therapy are evolving as new and better options for managing hormone-sensitive and castration-resistant PC. This review aimed to highlight and discuss epidemiology, various risk factors, and developments in PC diagnosis and treatment regimens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ganji Lakshmi Varaprasad
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Biohybrid Systems Research Center (BSRC), Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Vivek Kumar Gupta
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Biohybrid Systems Research Center (BSRC), Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiran Prasad
- Department of Zoology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, India
| | - Eunsu Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Biohybrid Systems Research Center (BSRC), Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Mandava Bhuvan Tej
- Department of Health Care Informatics, Sacred Heart University, 5151 Park Avenue, Fair Fields, CT, 06825, USA
| | - Pratik Mohanty
- Department of Zoology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, India
| | - Henu Kumar Verma
- Department of Immunopathology, Institute of Lungs Health and Immunity, Helmholtz Zentrum, 85764, Neuherberg, Munich, Germany
| | - Ganji Seeta Rama Raju
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea.
| | - Lvks Bhaskar
- Department of Zoology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, India.
| | - Yun Suk Huh
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Biohybrid Systems Research Center (BSRC), Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Poutanen M, Hagberg Thulin M, Härkönen P. Targeting sex steroid biosynthesis for breast and prostate cancer therapy. Nat Rev Cancer 2023:10.1038/s41568-023-00609-y. [PMID: 37684402 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-023-00609-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Matti Poutanen
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
- Turku Center for Disease Modelling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
- FICAN West Cancer Center, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
| | - Malin Hagberg Thulin
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Pirkko Härkönen
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- FICAN West Cancer Center, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jang A, Lanka SM, Ruan HT, Kumar HLS, Jia AY, Garcia JA, Mian OY, Barata PC. Novel therapies for metastatic prostate cancer. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2023; 23:1251-1263. [PMID: 38030394 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2023.2290197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Patients with metastatic prostate cancer, especially in the castrate-resistant setting, have a poor prognosis. Many agents have been approved for metastatic prostate cancer, such as androgen receptor pathway inhibitors, taxane-based chemotherapy, radiopharmaceuticals, and immunotherapy. However, prostate cancer remains the leading cause of cancer deaths in nonsmoking men. Fortunately, many more novel agents are under investigation. AREAS COVERED We provide an overview of the broad group of novel therapies for metastatic prostate cancer, with an emphasis on active and recruiting clinical trials that have been recently published and/or presented at national or international meetings. EXPERT OPINION The future for patients with metastatic prostate cancer is promising, with further development of novel therapies such as radiopharmaceuticals. Based on a growing understanding of prostate cancer biology, novel agents are being designed to overcome resistance to approved therapies. There are many trials using novel agents either as monotherapy or in combination with already approved agents with potential to further improve outcomes for men with advanced prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Albert Jang
- Division of Solid Tumor Oncology, Department of Medicine, University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sree M Lanka
- Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Hui Ting Ruan
- Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Hamsa L S Kumar
- Division of Solid Tumor Oncology, Department of Medicine, University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Angela Y Jia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jorge A Garcia
- Division of Solid Tumor Oncology, Department of Medicine, University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Omar Y Mian
- Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Department of Radiation Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Pedro C Barata
- Division of Solid Tumor Oncology, Department of Medicine, University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bae SY, Bergom HE, Day A, Greene JT, Sychev ZE, Larson G, Corey E, Plymate SR, Freedman TS, Hwang JH, Drake JM. ZBTB7A as a novel vulnerability in neuroendocrine prostate cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1093332. [PMID: 37065756 PMCID: PMC10090553 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1093332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) is a highly aggressive subtype of prostate cancer. NEPC is characterized by the loss of androgen receptor (AR) signaling and transdifferentiation toward small-cell neuroendocrine (SCN) phenotypes, which results in resistance to AR-targeted therapy. NEPC resembles other SCN carcinomas clinically, histologically and in gene expression. Here, we leveraged SCN phenotype scores of various cancer cell lines and gene depletion screens from the Cancer Dependency Map (DepMap) to identify vulnerabilities in NEPC. We discovered ZBTB7A, a transcription factor, as a candidate promoting the progression of NEPC. Cancer cells with high SCN phenotype scores showed a strong dependency on RET kinase activity with a high correlation between RET and ZBTB7A dependencies in these cells. Utilizing informatic modeling of whole transcriptome sequencing data from patient samples, we identified distinct gene networking patterns of ZBTB7A in NEPC versus prostate adenocarcinoma. Specifically, we observed a robust association of ZBTB7A with genes promoting cell cycle progression, including apoptosis regulating genes. Silencing ZBTB7A in a NEPC cell line confirmed the dependency on ZBTB7A for cell growth via suppression of the G1/S transition in the cell cycle and induction of apoptosis. Collectively, our results highlight the oncogenic function of ZBTB7A in NEPC and emphasize the value of ZBTB7A as a promising therapeutic strategy for targeting NEPC tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Song Yi Bae
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Hannah E. Bergom
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Abderrahman Day
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Institute for Health Informatics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Joseph T. Greene
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Zoi E. Sychev
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Gabrianne Larson
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Eva Corey
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Stephen R. Plymate
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs (VA) Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Tanya S. Freedman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Justin H. Hwang
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Justin M. Drake
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Urology, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Pandey P, Khan F, Upadhyay TK, Sharangi AB. Deciphering the Immunomodulatory Role of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4/6 Inhibitors in the Tumor Microenvironment. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032236. [PMID: 36768557 PMCID: PMC9916547 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is characterized by persistent cell proliferation driven by aberrant cell cycle regulation and stimulation of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). A very intriguing and potential approach for the development of antitumor medicines is the suppression of CDKs that lead to induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. The shift of the cell cycle from the G0/G1 phase to the S phase, which is characterized by active transcription and synthesis, depends on the development of the cyclin D-CDK4/6 complex. A precise balance between anticancer activity and general toxicity is demonstrated by CDK inhibitors, which can specifically block CDK4/6 and control the cell cycle by reducing the G1 to S phase transition. CDK4/6 inhibitors have recently been reported to exhibit significant cell growth inhibition via modulating the tumour microenvironment in cancerous cells. One significant new understanding is that these inhibitors serve important functions in the interaction among tumour cells and the host immune system in addition to being cytostatic. Herein, we discuss the biological significance of CDK4/6 inhibitors in cancer therapeutics, as well as their biological impact on T cells and other important immune cells. Furthermore, we explore the integration of preclinical findings of these pharmaceuticals' ability to enhance antitumor immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pratibha Pandey
- Department of Biotechnology, Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology, 19, Knowledge Park-II, Institutional Area, Greater Noida 201306, India
| | - Fahad Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology, 19, Knowledge Park-II, Institutional Area, Greater Noida 201306, India
- Correspondence:
| | - Tarun Kumar Upadhyay
- Department of Biotechnology, Parul Institute of Applied Sciences and Centre of Research for Development, Parul University, Vadodara 391760, India
| | - Amit Baran Sharangi
- Department of Plantation Spices Medicinal and Aromatic Crops, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur 741252, India
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Keyvani V, Mollazadeh S, Kheradmand N, Mahmoudian RA, Avan A, Anvari K. Current use of Molecular Mechanisms and Signaling Pathways in Targeted Therapy of Prostate Cancer. Curr Pharm Des 2023; 29:2684-2691. [PMID: 37929740 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128265464231021172202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC) is identified as a heterogeneous disease. About 20 to 30% of PC patients experience cancer recurrence, characterized by an increase in the antigen termed serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA). Clinical recurrence of PC commonly occurs after five years. Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) has an intricate genomic background. Therapies that target genomic changes in DNA repair signaling pathways have been progressively approved in the clinic. Innovative therapies like targeting signaling pathways, bone niche, immune checkpoint, and epigenetic marks have been gaining promising results for better management of PC cases with bone metastasis. This review article summarizes the recent consideration of the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways involved in local and metastatic prostate cancer, highlighting the clinical insinuations of the novel understanding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vahideh Keyvani
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Samaneh Mollazadeh
- Natural Products and Medicinal Plants Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Nahid Kheradmand
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reihaneh Alsadat Mahmoudian
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Basic Sciences Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Cancer Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Avan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- College of Medicine, University of Warith Al-Anbiyaa, Karbala, Iraq
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane 4059, Australia
| | - Kazem Anvari
- Department of Radiotherapy Oncology, Cancer Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
He Y, Xu W, Xiao YT, Huang H, Gu D, Ren S. Targeting signaling pathways in prostate cancer: mechanisms and clinical trials. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:198. [PMID: 35750683 PMCID: PMC9232569 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01042-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) affects millions of men globally. Due to advances in understanding genomic landscapes and biological functions, the treatment of PCa continues to improve. Recently, various new classes of agents, which include next-generation androgen receptor (AR) signaling inhibitors (abiraterone, enzalutamide, apalutamide, and darolutamide), bone-targeting agents (radium-223 chloride, zoledronic acid), and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors (olaparib, rucaparib, and talazoparib) have been developed to treat PCa. Agents targeting other signaling pathways, including cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)4/6, Ak strain transforming (AKT), wingless-type protein (WNT), and epigenetic marks, have successively entered clinical trials. Furthermore, prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) targeting agents such as 177Lu-PSMA-617 are promising theranostics that could improve both diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic efficacy. Advanced clinical studies with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have shown limited benefits in PCa, whereas subgroups of PCa with mismatch repair (MMR) or CDK12 inactivation may benefit from ICIs treatment. In this review, we summarized the targeted agents of PCa in clinical trials and their underlying mechanisms, and further discussed their limitations and future directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yundong He
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Weidong Xu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Tian Xiao
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Department of Urology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Haojie Huang
- Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Di Gu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Shancheng Ren
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lüke F, Harrer DC, Pantziarka P, Pukrop T, Ghibelli L, Gerner C, Reichle A, Heudobler D. Drug Repurposing by Tumor Tissue Editing. Front Oncol 2022; 12:900985. [PMID: 35814409 PMCID: PMC9270020 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.900985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The combinatory use of drugs for systemic cancer therapy commonly aims at the direct elimination of tumor cells through induction of apoptosis. An alternative approach becomes the focus of attention if biological changes in tumor tissues following combinatory administration of regulatorily active drugs are considered as a therapeutic aim, e.g., differentiation, transdifferentiation induction, reconstitution of immunosurveillance, the use of alternative cell death mechanisms. Editing of the tumor tissue establishes new biological ‘hallmarks’ as a ‘pressure point’ to attenuate tumor growth. This may be achieved with repurposed, regulatorily active drug combinations, often simultaneously targeting different cell compartments of the tumor tissue. Moreover, tissue editing is paralleled by decisive functional changes in tumor tissues providing novel patterns of target sites for approved drugs. Thus, agents with poor activity in non-edited tissue may reveal new clinically meaningful outcomes. For tissue editing and targeting edited tissue novel requirements concerning drug selection and administration can be summarized according to available clinical and pre-clinical data. Monoactivity is no pre-requisite, but combinatory bio-regulatory activity. The regulatorily active dose may be far below the maximum tolerable dose, and besides inhibitory active drugs stimulatory drug activities may be integrated. Metronomic scheduling often seems to be of advantage. Novel preclinical approaches like functional assays testing drug combinations in tumor tissue are needed to select potential drugs for repurposing. The two-step drug repurposing procedure, namely establishing novel functional systems states in tumor tissues and consecutively providing novel target sites for approved drugs, facilitates the systematic identification of drug activities outside the scope of any original clinical drug approvals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Lüke
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Division of Personalized Tumor Therapy, Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Dennis Christoph Harrer
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Pan Pantziarka
- The George Pantziarka TP53 Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tobias Pukrop
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Lina Ghibelli
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Christopher Gerner
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Albrecht Reichle
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Heudobler
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Daniel Heudobler, , orcid.org/0000-0002-8790-4584
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ganapathy K, Ngo C, Andl T, Coppola D, Park J, Chakrabarti R. Anti-cancer function of microRNA-30e is mediated by negative regulation of HELLPAR, a noncoding macroRNA, and genes involved in ubiquitination and cell cycle progression in prostate cancer. Mol Oncol 2022; 16:2936-2958. [PMID: 35612714 PMCID: PMC9394257 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) progression relies on androgen receptor (AR) function, making AR a top candidate for PCa therapy. However, development of drug resistance is common, which eventually leads to development of castration‐resistant PCa. This warrants a better understanding of the pathophysiology of PCa that facilitates the aberrant activation of key signaling pathways including AR. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) function as regulators of cancer progression as they modulate various cellular processes. Here, we demonstrate a multidimensional function of miR‐30e through the regulation of genes involved in various signaling pathways. We noted loss of miR‐30e expression in prostate tumors, which, when restored, led to cell cycle arrest, induction of apoptosis, improved drug sensitivity of PCa cells and reduced tumor progression in xenograft models. We show that experimental upregulation of miR‐30e reduces expression of mRNAs including AR, FBXO45, SRSF7 and MYBL2 and a novel long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) HELLPAR, which are involved in cell cycle, apoptosis and ubiquitination, and the effects could be rescued by inhibition of miR‐30e expression. RNA immunoprecipitation analysis confirmed direct interactions between miR‐30e and its RNA targets. We noted a newly identified reciprocal relationship between miR‐30e and HELLPAR, as inhibition of HELLPAR improved stabilization of miR‐30e. Transcriptome profiling and quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR) validation of miR‐30e‐expressing PCa cells showed differential expression of genes involved in cell cycle progression, apoptosis and ubiquitination, which supports our in vitro study. This study demonstrates an integrated function of miR‐30e on dysregulation of miRNA/lncRNA/mRNA axes that may have diagnostic and therapeutic significance in aggressive PCa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kavya Ganapathy
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Christopher Ngo
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Thomas Andl
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Domenico Coppola
- Department of Pathology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA.,Florida Digestive Health Specialists, Bradenton, Florida, USA
| | - Jong Park
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Ratna Chakrabarti
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Liu C, Cai D, Zeng W, Huang Y. Inferring Differential Networks by Integrating Gene Expression Data With Additional Knowledge. Front Genet 2021; 12:760155. [PMID: 34858477 PMCID: PMC8632038 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.760155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidences increasingly indicate the involvement of gene network rewiring in disease development and cell differentiation. With the accumulation of high-throughput gene expression data, it is now possible to infer the changes of gene networks between two different states or cell types via computational approaches. However, the distribution diversity of multi-platform gene expression data and the sparseness and high noise rate of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data raise new challenges for existing differential network estimation methods. Furthermore, most existing methods are purely rely on gene expression data, and ignore the additional information provided by various existing biological knowledge. In this study, to address these challenges, we propose a general framework, named weighted joint sparse penalized D-trace model (WJSDM), to infer differential gene networks by integrating multi-platform gene expression data and multiple prior biological knowledge. Firstly, a non-paranormal graphical model is employed to tackle gene expression data with missing values. Then we propose a weighted group bridge penalty to integrate multi-platform gene expression data and various existing biological knowledge. Experiment results on synthetic data demonstrate the effectiveness of our method in inferring differential networks. We apply our method to the gene expression data of ovarian cancer and the scRNA-seq data of circulating tumor cells of prostate cancer, and infer the differential network associated with platinum resistance of ovarian cancer and anti-androgen resistance of prostate cancer. By analyzing the estimated differential networks, we find some important biological insights about the mechanisms underlying platinum resistance of ovarian cancer and anti-androgen resistance of prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Liu
- Department of Chemotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Dehan Cai
- Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - WuCha Zeng
- Department of Chemotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yun Huang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Guney Eskiler G, Deveci Ozkan A, Haciefendi A, Bilir C. Mechanisms of abemaciclib, a CDK4/6 inhibitor, induced apoptotic cell death in prostate cancer cells in vitro. Transl Oncol 2021; 15:101243. [PMID: 34649150 PMCID: PMC8517924 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic effects of abemaciclib (ABE), an inhibitor of cyclin- dependent kinases (CDK) 4/6, on the proliferation of two types of prostate cancer (PC) cells were revealed. In this study, in vitro cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of ABE on metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) androgen receptor (AR) negative PC-3 and AR mutant LNCaP PC cells were analyzed with WST-1, Annexin V, cell cycle, reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential, RT-PCR, western blot, and apoptosis protein array. ABE considerably inhibited the growth of PC cells in a dose-dependent manner (p<0.01) and caused significant apoptotic cell death through the suppression of CDK4/6-Cyclin D complex, ROS generation and depolarization of mitochondria membrane potential. However, PC-3 cells were more sensitive to ABE than LNCaP cells. Furthermore, the expression levels of several pro-apoptotic and cell cycle regulatory proteins were upregulated by ABE in especially PC-3 cells with the downregulation of apoptotic inhibitor proteins. Our results suggest that ABE inhibits PC cell growth and promotes apoptosis and thus ABE treatment may be a promising treatment strategy in especially mCRPC. Further preclinical and clinical studies should be performed to clarify the clinical use of ABE for the treatment of PC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gamze Guney Eskiler
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Sakarya University, Korucuk Campus, Sakarya 54290, Turkey.
| | - Asuman Deveci Ozkan
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Sakarya University, Korucuk Campus, Sakarya 54290, Turkey
| | - Ayten Haciefendi
- Department of Medical Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Cemil Bilir
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Istinye University VMMedical Park Pendik Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Chen X, Shen H, Shao Y, Ma Q, Niu Y, Shang Z. A narrative review of proteolytic targeting chimeras (PROTACs): future perspective for prostate cancer therapy. Transl Androl Urol 2021; 10:954-962. [PMID: 33718095 PMCID: PMC7947434 DOI: 10.21037/tau-20-1357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteolysis-TArgeting Chimeras (PROTACs) technology, as a strategy to chemically knock down transcription factors at the protein levels, can hijack the ubiquitin-proteasome degradation system to initiate the intracellular ubiquitin-proteasome hydrolysis process to degrade proteins. In the past, the development of drugs that target transcription factors has been greatly restricted, and even historically transcription factors have been regarded as “undruggable targets”. PROTAC technology breaks through this limitation with its unique targeting design. With several generations of technical innovation, PROTACs have become more mature and continue to make breakthroughs in the field of targeted therapy including prostate cancer (PCa), with a new strategy for the development of anti-tumor targeted drugs. PROTACs have all the advantages of existing small molecule inhibitors, are easy to administer orally, have good cell permeability, and have wider targeting profiles compared to conventional inhibitors. The disadvantage of PROTACs is the noncancer specificity, off-target and sustained-release control, due to its catalytic role. Some androgen receptor (AR) and CDK4/6 degraders have advanced the field of PCa treatment, which is being further modified given the effects of these degraders in preclinical and clinical studies. This review summarizes in detail the technological progress and challenges that have been faced with PROTACs, the progress of research on PCa, and the prospective future of PROTACs development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuanrong Chen
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Haishan Shen
- Urology Development, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi Shao
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qianwang Ma
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuanjie Niu
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhiqun Shang
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|