1
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Wei M, Zhou G, Chen L, Zhang Y, Ma W, Gao L, Gao G. The prognostic and immune significance of PLBD1 in pan-cancer and its roles in proliferation and invasion of glioma. J Cancer 2024; 15:3857-3872. [PMID: 38911364 PMCID: PMC11190780 DOI: 10.7150/jca.96365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a destructive disease and is currently the leading cause of major threats to human health. PLBD1 is a transcription factor that regulates phospholipid metabolism, but its role in tumors is unknown. We assessed pan-cancer expression, methylation, and mutation data of PLBD1 by multiple databases to investigate its clinical prognostic value. In addition, we examined the pan-cancer immunological signature of PLBD1, particularly in gliomas. Furthermore, we assessed the impact of PLBD1 knockdown on the proliferation and invasive capacity of glioma cells by in vitro experiments. Our results suggest that PLBD1 is highly expressed in multiple types of cancers, and it can serve as an independent prognostic factor for gliomas. In addition, we found that the epigenetic alterations of PLBD1 were highly heterogeneous in a variety of cancers, including gliomas, and that its high methylation was associated with poor prognosis in a broad range of cancers. Immunological profiling demonstrated that PLBD1 was significantly associated with immune cell infiltration and multiple immune checkpoints in gliomas and is a potential biomarker for gliomas. Furthermore, cellular experiments showed that knockdown of PLBD1 significantly inhibited the proliferation and invasive ability of glioma cells. In conclusion, PLBD1 is a potential tumor prognostic biomarker and immunotherapeutic target that plays a crucial role in glioma cell proliferation, invasion and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghao Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710038, China
- Department of Neurosurgery Ward II, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, 712046, China
| | - Gaoyang Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710038, China
| | - Lian Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001 China
| | - Yufu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710038, China
| | - Wei Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710038, China
| | - Li Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710038, China
| | - Guodong Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710038, China
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2
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Ferreon JC, Ta HM, Yun H, Choi KJ, Quan MD, Tsoi PS, Kim C, Lee CW, Ferreon ACM. Stereospecific NANOG PEST Stabilization by Pin1. Biochemistry 2024; 63:1067-1074. [PMID: 38619104 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.4c00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
NANOG protein levels correlate with stem cell pluripotency. NANOG concentrations fluctuate constantly with low NANOG levels leading to spontaneous cell differentiation. Previous literature implicated Pin1, a phosphorylation-dependent prolyl isomerase, as a key player in NANOG stabilization. Here, using NMR spectroscopy, we investigate the molecular interactions of Pin1 with the NANOG unstructured N-terminal domain that contains a PEST sequence with two phosphorylation sites. Phosphorylation of NANOG PEST peptides increases affinity to Pin1. By systematically increasing the amount of cis PEST conformers, we show that the peptides bind tighter to the prolyl isomerase domain (PPIase) of Pin1. Phosphorylation and cis Pro enhancement at both PEST sites lead to a 5-10-fold increase in NANOG binding to the Pin1 WW domain and PPIase domain, respectively. The cis-populated NANOG PEST peptides can be potential inhibitors for disrupting Pin1-dependent NANOG stabilization in cancer stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine C Ferreon
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Hai Minh Ta
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Hyosuk Yun
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Jae Choi
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - My Diem Quan
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Phoebe S Tsoi
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Choel Kim
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Chul Won Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Allan Chris M Ferreon
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
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3
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Dalmasso G, Cougnoux A, Faïs T, Bonnin V, Mottet-Auselo B, Nguyen HT, Sauvanet P, Barnich N, Jary M, Pezet D, Delmas J, Bonnet R. Colibactin-producing Escherichia coli enhance resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs by promoting epithelial to mesenchymal transition and cancer stem cell emergence. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2310215. [PMID: 38374654 PMCID: PMC10880512 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2310215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Human colorectal cancers (CRCs) are readily colonized by colibactin-producing E. coli (CoPEC). CoPEC induces DNA double-strand breaks, DNA mutations, genomic instability, and cellular senescence. Infected cells produce a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), which is involved in the increase in tumorigenesis observed in CRC mouse models infected with CoPEC. This study investigated whether CoPEC, and the SASP derived from CoPEC-infected cells, impacted chemotherapeutic resistance. Human intestinal epithelial cells were infected with the CoPEC clinical 11G5 strain or with its isogenic mutant, which is unable to produce colibactin. Chemotherapeutic resistance was assessed in vitro and in a xenograft mouse model. Expressions of cancer stem cell (CSC) markers in infected cells were investigated. Data were validated using a CRC mouse model and human clinical samples. Both 11G5-infected cells, and uninfected cells incubated with the SASP produced by 11G5-infected cells exhibited an increased resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs in vitro and in vivo. This finding correlated with the induction of the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), which led to the emergence of cells exhibiting CSC features. They grew on ultra-low attachment plates, formed colonies in soft agar, and overexpressed several CSC markers (e.g. CD133, OCT-3/4, and NANOG). In agreement with these results, murine and human CRC biopsies colonized with CoPEC exhibited higher expression levels of OCT-3/4 and NANOG than biopsies devoid of CoPEC. Conclusion: CoPEC might aggravate CRCs by inducing the emergence of cancer stem cells that are highly resistant to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Dalmasso
- Inserm U1071, USC-INRAe INRAE USC 1382, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l'Hôte (M2iSH), Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Antony Cougnoux
- Inserm U1071, USC-INRAe INRAE USC 1382, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l'Hôte (M2iSH), Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Tiphanie Faïs
- Inserm U1071, USC-INRAe INRAE USC 1382, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l'Hôte (M2iSH), Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Virginie Bonnin
- Inserm U1071, USC-INRAe INRAE USC 1382, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l'Hôte (M2iSH), Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Benoit Mottet-Auselo
- Inserm U1071, USC-INRAe INRAE USC 1382, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l'Hôte (M2iSH), Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Hang Tt Nguyen
- Inserm U1071, USC-INRAe INRAE USC 1382, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l'Hôte (M2iSH), Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Pierre Sauvanet
- Inserm U1071, USC-INRAe INRAE USC 1382, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l'Hôte (M2iSH), Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Centre de référence de la résistance aux antibiotiques, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Nicolas Barnich
- Inserm U1071, USC-INRAe INRAE USC 1382, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l'Hôte (M2iSH), Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Marine Jary
- Inserm U1071, USC-INRAe INRAE USC 1382, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l'Hôte (M2iSH), Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Service de Chirurgie Digestive, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Denis Pezet
- Inserm U1071, USC-INRAe INRAE USC 1382, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l'Hôte (M2iSH), Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Service de Chirurgie Digestive, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Julien Delmas
- Inserm U1071, USC-INRAe INRAE USC 1382, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l'Hôte (M2iSH), Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Richard Bonnet
- Inserm U1071, USC-INRAe INRAE USC 1382, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l'Hôte (M2iSH), Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Centre de référence de la résistance aux antibiotiques, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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4
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Ibrahim HM, Abdelrahman AE, Elsebai E, Gharieb SA, Fahmy MM, Ramadan MS, Wasfy MA, Abdullatif A. Clinicopathologic Impact of NANOG, ZEB1, and EpCAM Biomarkers on Prognosis of Serous Ovarian Carcinoma. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2023; 24:3247-3259. [PMID: 37774079 PMCID: PMC10762767 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2023.24.9.3247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Serous ovarian carcinoma (SOC) is a biologically heterogeneous with different genomic and molecular profiles, beside clinical response to the chemotherapy with subsequent in obstacles in starting unified, acceptable treatments and so we assess immunoexpression of Nanog, ZEB1, and EpCAM in SOC. METHODS In this study, the immunoexpression of Nanog, ZEB1, and EpCAM was studied in 60 cases of SOC. Overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS) data and response to chemotherapy were analyzed. RESULTS NANOG was immunostained in 65% of the cases with a significant association with tumor grade, lymph node metastasis, and FIGO stage (p < 0.001 for each). ZEB1 showed moderate- high expression in 58.3% of the cases with significant up-regulation of ZEB1 expression with SOC grade, nodal metastasis, and SOC FIGO stage (p<0.001). EpCAM revealed high expression in 60% of the cases with significant association with higher grade, nodal metastasis, and advanced stage (p < 0.001 for each). Up-regulation of Nanog was significantly associated with response to chemotherapy, relapse, shorter OS and DFS (p < 0.001 for each). ZEB1 overexpression exhibited a significant association with response to chemotherapy (p= 0.012), relapse, shorter OS and DFS (p<0.001 for each). Moreover, the high EpCAM had a significant association with response to chemotherapy (p= 0.043), relapse (p < 0.001) shorter OS (p=0.006) and DFS (p< 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Up-regulation of Nanog and ZEB-1 and EpCAM perhaps promote an aggressive SOC with a high risk of relapse and unfavorable response to standard chemotherapy regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanaa M. Ibrahim
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt.
| | | | - Eman Elsebai
- Department ofClinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt.
| | - Shimaa A. Gharieb
- Department ofClinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt.
| | - Moamna M. Fahmy
- Department ofClinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed S.H. Ramadan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed A. Wasfy
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt.
| | - Asmaa Abdullatif
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt.
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5
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Boylan J, Byers E, Kelly DF. The Glioblastoma Landscape: Hallmarks of Disease, Therapeutic Resistance, and Treatment Opportunities. MEDICAL RESEARCH ARCHIVES 2023; 11:10.18103/mra.v11i6.3994. [PMID: 38107346 PMCID: PMC10723753 DOI: 10.18103/mra.v11i6.3994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Malignant brain tumors are aggressive and difficult to treat. Glioblastoma is the most common and lethal form of primary brain tumor, often found in patients with no genetic predisposition. The median life expectancy for individuals diagnosed with this condition is 6 months to 2 years and there is no known cure. New paradigms in cancer biology implicate a small subset of tumor cells in initiating and sustaining these incurable brain tumors. Here, we discuss the heterogenous nature of glioblastoma and theories behind its capacity for therapy resistance and recurrence. Within the cancer landscape, cancer stem cells are thought to be both tumor initiators and major contributors to tumor heterogeneity and therapy evasion and such cells have been identified in glioblastoma. At the cellular level, disruptions in the delicate balance between differentiation and self-renewal spur transformation and support tumor growth. While rapidly dividing cells are more sensitive to elimination by traditional treatments, glioblastoma stem cells evade these measures through slow division and reversible exit from the cell cycle. At the molecular level, glioblastoma tumor cells exploit several signaling pathways to evade conventional therapies through improved DNA repair mechanisms and a flexible state of senescence. We examine these common evasion techniques while discussing potential molecular approaches to better target these deadly tumors. Equally important, the presented information encourages the idea of augmenting conventional treatments with novel glioblastoma stem cell-directed therapies, as eliminating these harmful progenitors holds great potential to modulate tumor recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Boylan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Center for Structural Oncology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Molecular, Cellular, and Integrative Biosciences Graduate Program, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Elizabeth Byers
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Molecular, Cellular, and Integrative Biosciences Graduate Program, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Deborah F. Kelly
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Center for Structural Oncology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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6
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Lynch-Sutherland CF, McDougall LI, Stockwell PA, Almomani SN, Weeks RJ, Ludgate JL, Gamage TKJB, Chatterjee A, James JL, Eccles MR, Macaulay EC. The transposable element-derived transcript of LIN28B has a placental origin and is not specific to tumours. Mol Genet Genomics 2023:10.1007/s00438-023-02033-1. [PMID: 37269361 PMCID: PMC10363060 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-023-02033-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Transposable elements (TEs) are genetic elements that have evolved as crucial regulators of human development and cancer, functioning as both genes and regulatory elements. When TEs become dysregulated in cancer cells, they can serve as alternate promoters to activate oncogenes, a process known as onco-exaptation. This study aimed to explore the expression and epigenetic regulation of onco-exaptation events in early human developmental tissues. We discovered co-expression of some TEs and oncogenes in human embryonic stem cells and first trimester and term placental tissues. Previous studies identified onco-exaptation events in various cancer types, including an AluJb SINE element-LIN28B interaction in lung cancer cells, and showed that the TE-derived LIN28B transcript is associated with poor patient prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma. This study further characterized the AluJb-LIN28B transcript and confirmed that its expression is restricted to the placenta. Targeted DNA methylation analysis revealed differential methylation of the two LIN28B promoters between placenta and healthy somatic tissues, indicating that some TE-oncogene interactions are not cancer-specific but arise from the epigenetic reactivation of developmental TE-derived regulatory events. In conclusion, our findings provide evidence that some TE-oncogene interactions are not limited to cancer and may originate from the epigenetic reactivation of TE-derived regulatory events that are involved in early development. These insights broaden our understanding of the role of TEs in gene regulation and suggest the potential importance of targeting TEs in cancer therapy beyond their conventional use as cancer-specific markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiemi F Lynch-Sutherland
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand.
| | - Lorissa I McDougall
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - Peter A Stockwell
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - Suzan N Almomani
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - Robert J Weeks
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - Jackie L Ludgate
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - Teena K J B Gamage
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Aniruddha Chatterjee
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Level 2, 3A Symonds Street, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Joanna L James
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Michael R Eccles
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Level 2, 3A Symonds Street, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Erin C Macaulay
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
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7
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Mosaddeghi P, Farahmandnejad M, Zarshenas MM. The role of transposable elements in aging and cancer. Biogerontology 2023:10.1007/s10522-023-10028-z. [PMID: 37017895 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-023-10028-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
Transposable elements (TEs) constitute a large portion of the human genome. Various mechanisms at the transcription and post-transcription levels developed to suppress TE activity in healthy conditions. However, a growing body of evidence suggests that TE dysregulation is involved in various human diseases, including age-related diseases and cancer. In this review, we explained how sensing TEs by the immune system could induce innate immune responses, chronic inflammation, and following age-related diseases. We also noted that inflammageing and exogenous carcinogens could trigger the upregulation of TEs in precancerous cells. Increased inflammation could enhance epigenetic plasticity and upregulation of early developmental TEs, which rewires the transcriptional networks and gift the survival advantage to the precancerous cells. In addition, upregulated TEs could induce genome instability, activation of oncogenes, or inhibition of tumor suppressors and consequent cancer initiation and progression. So, we suggest that TEs could be considered therapeutic targets in aging and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pouria Mosaddeghi
- Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mitra Farahmandnejad
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Quality Control of Drug Products Department, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad M Zarshenas
- Department of Phytopharmaceuticals (Traditional Pharmacy), School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
- Epilepsy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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8
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Li N, Pang Y, Sang J, Sun Y, Hou W. The controversial expression of SOX2 in gastric cancer and its correlation with Helicobacter pylori infection: A meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e30886. [PMID: 36221360 PMCID: PMC9542901 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000030886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The expression of sex-determining region Y (SRY)-like high-mobility group (HMG) box 2 (SOX2) in gastric cancer and the prognosis of patients are controversial. This study analyzed the relationship between SOX2 expression and baseline data, clinicopathological parameters, prognosis, and Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with gastric cancer, and provided new supplements for the diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer. METHODS The articles which reported SOX2 expression in gastric cancer from medical database was collected. The literature search was conducted in PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane library, SpringerLink, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Web of Science, and Wanfang databases, which were written in English and Chinese. RESULTS A total of 32 articles, including 4641 gastric cancer patients. The results showed that SOX2 expression in gastric cancer group was lower than that in the para-cancerous control group (P < .001). Statistical difference was found between the SOX2 expression and differentiation (Well/Moderate vs Poor), TNM stage (I/II vs III/IV), lymphatic invasion (N0 vs N+), edge infiltration (R0 vs R1), and H pylori infection in the pathological parameters. The prognosis analysis showed that the level of SOX2 expression was unrelated to the overall survival of patients (P = .329). No statistical difference was observed between the SOX2 expression and the baseline data of the patients (all P > .05). CONCLUSIONS Although downregulation expression of SOX2 are related to clinicopathological parameters in gastric cancer, which is not correlated with prognosis. This controversy over the expression of SOX2 will provide a new idea for the study of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- Department of Pathology, Tai’an City Central Hospital, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Yu Pang
- Department of Pathology, Tai’an City Central Hospital, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Sang
- Department of Pathology, Tai’an City Central Hospital, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Yong Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, Tai’an City Central Hospital, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Weiwei Hou
- Department of Pathology, Tai’an City Central Hospital, Tai’an, Shandong, China
- *Correspondence: Weiwei Hou, Department of Pathology, Tai’an City Central Hospital, Tai’an, Shandong 271000, China (e-mail: )
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9
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Yun H, Han GH, Kim J, Chung J, Kim J, Cho H. NANOG
regulates epithelial–mesenchymal transition via
AMPK
/
mTOR
signalling pathway in ovarian cancer
SKOV
‐3 and
A2780
cells. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:5277-5291. [PMID: 36114703 PMCID: PMC9575063 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
NANOG engages with tumour initiation and metastasis by regulating the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). However, its role in association with pAMPKα, and its clinical significance in EOC have not been elucidated even though AMPK is known to degrade NANOG in various human cancers. Hence, we investigated the role of pAMPKα and its association with NANOG as potential prognostic biomarkers in EOC. Both NANOG and pAMPKα expression were significantly overexpressed in EOCs comparing nonadjacent normal epithelial tissues, benign tissues, and borderline tumours. NANOG overexpression was significantly associated with poor disease‐free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS), whereas pAMPKα overexpression was associated with good DFS and OS. Importantly, multivariate analysis revealed that the combination of high NANOG and low pAMPKα expression was a poor independent prognostic factor for DFS and was associated with platinum resistance. In ovarian cancer cell lines, siRNA‐mediated NANOG knockdown diminished migration and invasion properties by regulating the EMT process via the AMPK/mTOR signalling pathway. Furthermore, treatment with AMPK activator suppressed expression of stemness factors such as NANOG, Oct4 and Sox2. Collectively, these findings established that the combination of high NANOG and low pAMPKα expression was associated with EOC progression and platinum resistance, suggesting a potential prognostic biomarker for clinical management in EOC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Yun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gangnam Severance Hospital Yonsei University College of Medicine Seoul Korea
| | - Gwan Hee Han
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong Seoul Korea
| | - Julie Kim
- Weill Cornell Medical College New York New York USA
| | - Joon‐Yong Chung
- Molecular Imaging Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute National Institutes of Health Bethesda Maryland USA
| | - Jae‐Hoon Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Yonsei University College of Medicine Seoul Korea
- Institute of Women's Life Medical Science Yonsei University College of Medicine Seoul Korea
| | - Hanbyoul Cho
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Yonsei University College of Medicine Seoul Korea
- Institute of Women's Life Medical Science Yonsei University College of Medicine Seoul Korea
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10
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Adipose-Derived Stem Cell Features and MCF-7. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071754. [PMID: 34359925 PMCID: PMC8307920 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Human adipose tissue-derived stem cells (hADSCs) are highly suitable for regeneration therapies being easily collected and propagated in vitro. The effects of different external factors and culturing conditions are able to affect hADSC proliferation, senescence, differentiation, and migration, even at the molecular level. In the present paper, we exposed hADSCs to an exhausted medium from the breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) to evaluate whether the soluble factors released by these cells may be able to induce changes in stem cell behavior. In particular, we investigated the expression of stemness-related genes (OCT4; Sox 2; Nanog), the cell-cycle regulators p21 (WAF1/CIP1) p53, epigenetic markers (DNMT1 and Sirt1), and autophagy-related proteins. From our results, we can infer that the exhausted medium from MCF-7 is able to influence the hADSCs behavior increasing the expression of stemness-related genes, cell proliferation, and autophagy. Polyamines detectable in MCF-7 exhausted medium could be related to the higher proliferation capability observed in hADSCs, suggesting direct crosstalk between these molecules and the observed changes in stem cell potency.
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11
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Verdugo-Sivianes EM, Carnero A. Role of the Holoenzyme PP1-SPN in the Dephosphorylation of the RB Family of Tumor Suppressors During Cell Cycle. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092226. [PMID: 34066428 PMCID: PMC8124259 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cell cycle progression is highly regulated by modulating the phosphorylation status of retinoblastoma (RB) family proteins. This process is controlled by a balance in the action of kinases, such as the complexes formed by cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and cyclins, and phosphatases, mainly the protein phosphatase 1 (PP1). However, while the phosphorylation of the RB family has been largely studied, its dephosphorylation is less known. Recently, the PP1-Spinophilin (SPN) holoenzyme has been described as the main phosphatase responsible for the dephosphorylation of RB proteins during the G0/G1 transition and at the end of G1. Here, we describe the regulation of the phosphorylation status of RB family proteins, giving importance not only to their inactivation by phosphorylation but also to their dephosphorylation to restore the cell cycle. Abstract Cell cycle progression is highly regulated by modulating the phosphorylation status of the retinoblastoma protein (pRB) and the other two members of the RB family, p107 and p130. This process is controlled by a balance in the action of kinases, such as the complexes formed by cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and cyclins, and phosphatases, mainly the protein phosphatase 1 (PP1). However, while the phosphorylation of the RB family has been largely studied, its dephosphorylation is less known. Phosphatases are holoenzymes formed by a catalytic subunit and a regulatory protein with substrate specificity. Recently, the PP1-Spinophilin (SPN) holoenzyme has been described as the main phosphatase responsible for the dephosphorylation of RB proteins during the G0/G1 transition and at the end of G1. Moreover, SPN has been described as a tumor suppressor dependent on PP1 in lung and breast tumors, where it promotes tumorigenesis by increasing the cancer stem cell pool. Therefore, a connection between the cell cycle and stem cell biology has also been proposed via SPN/PP1/RB proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva M. Verdugo-Sivianes
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBIS, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013 Seville, Spain;
- CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Amancio Carnero
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBIS, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013 Seville, Spain;
- CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-955-92-31-11
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12
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Merle C, Lagarde P, Lartigue L, Chibon F. Acquisition of cancer stem cell capacities after spontaneous cell fusion. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:241. [PMID: 33678155 PMCID: PMC7938600 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-07979-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer stem/Initiating cell (CS/IC) hypothesis argues that CS/ICs are responsible of tumour initiation, drug resistance, metastasis or disease relapse. Their detection in several cancers supports this concept. However, their origin is still misunderstood. Cell fusion is shown to take part in the formation of CS/ICs, i.e. fusion between mesenchymal stem cell and cancer cell. In a previous paper, we described that fusion leads to hybrids with metastatic capacity. This process triggered genomic rearrangements in hybrid cells together with increased metastasis development. Here, we hypothesize that cell fusion could be strong enough to provoke a cellular reprogramming and the acquisition of CS/IC properties, promoting metastasis formation. Methods After spontaneous cell fusion between E6E7 (IMR90 with the oncogenes E6 and E7) and RST (IMR90 fully transformed) cell lines, hybrid cells were selected by dual antibiotic selection. Cancer stem cells capacities were evaluated regarding capacity to form spheres, expression of stem cell markers and the presence of ALDHhigh cells. Results Our data show that after cell fusion, all hybrids contain a percentage of cells with CS/ICs properties, regarding. Importantly, we lastly showed that NANOG inhibition in H1 hybrid decreases this migration capacity while having no effect on the corresponding parental cells. Conclusions Altogether these results indicate that the combination of CS/ICs properties and genomic rearrangement in hybrids is likely to be key to tumour progression. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-021-07979-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candice Merle
- INSERM U1037, Cancer Research Center in Toulouse (CRCT), 31037, Toulouse, France.,University of Toulouse 3, Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Pauline Lagarde
- INSERM U1218, 229 cours de l'Argonne, F-33076, Bordeaux, France
| | - Lydia Lartigue
- INSERM U1218, 229 cours de l'Argonne, F-33076, Bordeaux, France.,University of Bordeaux, 146 rue Léo Saignat, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Frédéric Chibon
- INSERM U1037, Cancer Research Center in Toulouse (CRCT), 31037, Toulouse, France. .,Institut Claudius Régaud, IUCT-Oncopole, Toulouse, France. .,Present address: CRCT-IUCT-O, 2 avenue Hubert Curien, 31037, Toulouse Cedex 1, France.
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13
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Tornín J, Villasante A, Solé-Martí X, Ginebra MP, Canal C. Osteosarcoma tissue-engineered model challenges oxidative stress therapy revealing promoted cancer stem cell properties. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 164:107-118. [PMID: 33401009 PMCID: PMC7921834 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.12.437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The use of oxidative stress generated by Cold Atmospheric Plasma (CAP) in oncology is being recently studied as a novel potential anti-cancer therapy. However, the beneficial effects of CAP for treating osteosarcoma have mostly been demonstrated in 2-dimensional cultures of cells, which do not mimic the complexity of the 3-dimensional (3D) bone microenvironment. In order to evaluate the effects of CAP in a relevant context of the human disease, we developed a 3D tissue-engineered model of osteosarcoma using a bone-like scaffold made of collagen type I and hydroxyapatite nanoparticles. Human osteosarcoma cells cultured within the scaffold showed a high capacity to infiltrate and proliferate and to exhibit osteomimicry in vitro. As expected, we observed significantly different functional behaviors between monolayer and 3D cultures when treated with Cold Plasma-Activated Ringer's Solution (PAR). Our data reveal that the 3D environment not only protects cells from PAR-induced lethality by scavenging and diminishing the amount of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species generated by CAP, but also favours the stemness phenotype of osteosarcoma cells. This is the first study that demonstrates the negative effect of PAR on cancer stem-like cell subpopulations in a 3D biomimetic model of cancer. These findings will allow to suitably re-focus research on plasma-based therapies in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Tornín
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department Materials Science and Metallurgy, Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), Escola D'Enginyeria Barcelona Est (EEBE), C/Eduard Maristany 14, 08019, Barcelona, Spain; Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, UPC, 08019, Barcelona, Spain; Research Centre for Biomedical Engineering (CREB), UPC, 08019, Barcelona, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Av. de Roma S/n, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Aranzazu Villasante
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), C/Baldiri I Reixach 10-12, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavi Solé-Martí
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department Materials Science and Metallurgy, Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), Escola D'Enginyeria Barcelona Est (EEBE), C/Eduard Maristany 14, 08019, Barcelona, Spain; Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, UPC, 08019, Barcelona, Spain; Research Centre for Biomedical Engineering (CREB), UPC, 08019, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria-Pau Ginebra
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department Materials Science and Metallurgy, Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), Escola D'Enginyeria Barcelona Est (EEBE), C/Eduard Maristany 14, 08019, Barcelona, Spain; Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, UPC, 08019, Barcelona, Spain; Research Centre for Biomedical Engineering (CREB), UPC, 08019, Barcelona, Spain; Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), C/Baldiri I Reixach 10-12, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Canal
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department Materials Science and Metallurgy, Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), Escola D'Enginyeria Barcelona Est (EEBE), C/Eduard Maristany 14, 08019, Barcelona, Spain; Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, UPC, 08019, Barcelona, Spain; Research Centre for Biomedical Engineering (CREB), UPC, 08019, Barcelona, Spain.
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14
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Zhou Y, Li X, Ye M. Morusin inhibits the growth of human colorectal cancer HCT116‑derived sphere‑forming cells via the inactivation of Akt pathway. Int J Mol Med 2021; 47:1. [PMID: 33576447 PMCID: PMC7891835 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.4884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The existence of colorectal cancer stem-like cells (CSC) is responsible for the failure of current treatments against colorectal cancer. Therefore, novel therapies need be developed to target CSCs. Some natural agents, including morusin have been proposed as possible candidates for this purpose. Morusin has been shown to exert antitumor effects. In the present study, it is demonstrated that morusin exerts antitumor effects on colorectal CSCs (CCSCs). The viability of human CCSCs was enhanced when the CCSCs formed spheroids in a serum-free and non-adhesive floating culture system. HCT116 sphere cells exhibited an increased proliferative capacity and a higher expression of stemness markers [octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (Oct4), Sox2 and Nanog]. Morusin inhibited the development of cancer spheroids and suppressed the growth of sphere cells via the induction of cell cycle arrest. Similarly, morusin decreased the expression levels of the stemness markers, Nanog and Oct4. The data partially revealed the molecular mechanisms involved: β-catenin signaling maintains the growth of CSCs and directly modulates the expression of Nanog and Oct4. Morusin suppressed the activity of β-catenin signaling via the inactivation of Akt; the executive β-catenin/TCF4 complex and the downstream targets, c-Myc, survivin and cyclin D1, were also downregulated. Moreover, the morusin-induced inactivation of Akt also increased the expression of p21Cip1/WAF1 and p27Kip, which can block the cell cycle by interacting with cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) complexes. On the whole, the present study demonstrates that morusin inhibited the growth of colorectal cancer sphere cells, which were enriched with CCSCs via the inactivation of the Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Zhou
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, 904 Hospital of PLA Joint Logistic Support Force, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, P.R. China
| | - Xiangyong Li
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, 904 Hospital of PLA Joint Logistic Support Force, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, P.R. China
| | - Min Ye
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
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15
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Verdugo-Sivianes EM, Rojas AM, Muñoz-Galván S, Otero-Albiol D, Carnero A. Mutation of SPINOPHILIN (PPP1R9B) found in human tumors promotes the tumorigenic and stemness properties of cells. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:3452-3471. [PMID: 33537097 PMCID: PMC7847670 DOI: 10.7150/thno.53572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: SPINOPHILIN (SPN, PPP1R9B) is an important tumor suppressor involved in the progression and malignancy of different tumors depending on its association with protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) and the ability of the PP1-SPN holoenzyme to dephosphorylate retinoblastoma (pRB). Methods: We performed a mutational analysis of SPN in human tumors, focusing on the region of interaction with PP1 and pRB. We explored the effect of the SPN-A566V mutation in an immortalized non-tumorigenic cell line of epithelial breast tissue, MCF10A, and in two different p53-mutated breast cancer cells lines, T47D and MDA-MB-468. Results: We characterized an oncogenic mutation of SPN found in human tumor samples, SPN-A566V, that affects both the SPN-PP1 interaction and its phosphatase activity. The SPN-A566V mutation does not affect the interaction of the PP1-SPN holoenzyme with pocket proteins pRB, p107 and p130, but it affects its ability to dephosphorylate them during G0/G1 and G1, indicating that the PP1-SPN holoenzyme regulates cell cycle progression. SPN-A566V also promoted stemness, establishing a connection between the cell cycle and stem cell biology via pocket proteins and PP1-SPN regulation. However, only cells with both SPN-A566V and mutant p53 have increased tumorigenic and stemness properties. Conclusions: SPN-A566V, or other equivalent mutations, could be late events that promote tumor progression by increasing the CSC pool and, eventually, the malignant behavior of the tumor.
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16
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Dang MN, Gomez Casas C, Day ES. Photoresponsive miR-34a/Nanoshell Conjugates Enable Light-Triggered Gene Regulation to Impair the Function of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:68-76. [PMID: 33306406 PMCID: PMC7855941 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c03152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive disease that requires new interventions. A promising approach to improve patient prognosis is to introduce tumor suppressive miR-34a into TNBC cells. Unfortunately, naked miR-34a is not effective therapeutically because it is degraded by nucleases and cannot passively enter cells. Nanocarriers designed to increase miR-34a stability and cellular entry have lacked specificity and potency. To overcome these limitations, we conjugated miR-34a to photoresponsive gold nanoshells (NS), which can release tethered miR-34a upon excitation with continuous wave (CW) or nanosecond (ns) pulsed near-infrared light to facilitate on-demand gene regulation. We demonstrate that miR-34a/NS can regulate downstream miR-34a targets following irradiation to reduce TNBC cell viability, proliferation, and migration. Further, we show ns pulsed light releases miRNA more effectively than CW light, and that released miR-34a is as potent as transfected miR-34a. These findings signify miR-34a/NS as promising tools for precisely controlled gene regulation of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan N Dang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Carolina Gomez Casas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Emily S Day
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
- Helen F. Graham Cancer Center & Research Institute, Newark, Delaware 19713, United States
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17
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Gharbavi M, Johari B, Rismani E, Mousazadeh N, Taromchi AH, Sharafi A. NANOG Decoy Oligodeoxynucleotide-Encapsulated Niosomes Nanocarriers: A Promising Approach to Suppress the Metastatic Properties of U87 Human Glioblastoma Multiforme Cells. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:4499-4515. [PMID: 33283497 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, advances in the synthesis and development of multifunctional nanoparticle platforms have opened up great opportunities and advantages for specifically targeted delivery of genes of interest. BSA-coated niosome structures (NISM@B) can potentially improve the efficiency in vitro delivery of nucleic acid molecules and the transfection of genes. Few studies have reported the combined use of niosomes with nucleic acid as therapeutic agents or decoy oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs). Herein, we synthesized NISM@B to encapsulate NANOG decoy ODN (NISM@B-DEC), after which the physicochemical characteristics and in vitro and in vivo properties of NISM@B-DEC were investigated. Our results regarding physicochemical characteristics revealed that the stable niosome nanocarrier system was successfully synthesized with a regular spherical shape and narrow size distribution with proper zeta-potential values and had an appropriate biocompatibility. The ODN release from the niosome nanocarrier system exhibited controlled and pH-dependent behavior as the best models to explain the ODN release profile. NISM@B-DEC was efficiently taken up by human glioblastoma cells (U87) and significantly inhibited cell growth. Finally, blockage of the NANOG pathway by NISM@B-DEC resulted in G1 cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and cell death. In addition, NISM@B-DEC caused a significant decrease in tumor formation and improved wound-healing efficiency of the U87 cells. These findings confirm that NISM@B-DEC could potentially suppress the metastatic ability of these cells. It can be concluded that the presented nanocarrier system can be a promising approach for targeted gene delivery in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Gharbavi
- Student Research Committee, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biomaterials, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
- Zanjan Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Behrooz Johari
- Cancer Gene Therapy Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Elham Rismani
- Molecular Medicine Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Navid Mousazadeh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Taromchi
- Cancer Gene Therapy Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Ali Sharafi
- Zanjan Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
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18
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The Possible Role of Cancer Stem Cells in the Resistance to Kinase Inhibitors of Advanced Thyroid Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082249. [PMID: 32796774 PMCID: PMC7465706 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Target therapy with various kinase inhibitors (KIs) has been extended to patients with advanced thyroid cancer, but only a subset of these compounds has displayed efficacy in clinical use. However, after an initial response to KIs, dramatic disease progression occurs in most cases. With the discovery of cancer stem cells (CSCs), it is possible to postulate that thyroid cancer resistance to KI therapies, both intrinsic and acquired, may be sustained by this cell subtype. Indeed, CSCs have been considered as the main drivers of metastatic activity and therapeutic resistance, because of their ability to generate heterogeneous secondary cell populations and survive treatment by remaining in a quiescent state. Hence, despite the impressive progress in understanding of the molecular basis of thyroid tumorigenesis, drug resistance is still the major challenge in advanced thyroid cancer management. In this view, definition of the role of CSCs in thyroid cancer resistance may be crucial to identifying new therapeutic targets and preventing resistance to anti-cancer treatments and tumor relapse. The aim of this review is to elucidate the possible role of CSCs in the development of resistance of advanced thyroid cancer to current anti-cancer therapies and their potential implications in the management of these patients.
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Huang T, Song X, Xu D, Tiek D, Goenka A, Wu B, Sastry N, Hu B, Cheng SY. Stem cell programs in cancer initiation, progression, and therapy resistance. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:8721-8743. [PMID: 32754274 PMCID: PMC7392012 DOI: 10.7150/thno.41648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past few decades, substantial evidence has convincingly revealed the existence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) as a minor subpopulation in cancers, contributing to an aberrantly high degree of cellular heterogeneity within the tumor. CSCs are functionally defined by their abilities of self-renewal and differentiation, often in response to cues from their microenvironment. Biological phenotypes of CSCs are regulated by the integrated transcriptional, post-transcriptional, metabolic, and epigenetic regulatory networks. CSCs contribute to tumor progression, therapeutic resistance, and disease recurrence through their sustained proliferation, invasion into normal tissue, promotion of angiogenesis, evasion of the immune system, and resistance to conventional anticancer therapies. Therefore, elucidation of the molecular mechanisms that drive cancer stem cell maintenance, plasticity, and therapeutic resistance will enhance our ability to improve the effectiveness of targeted therapies for CSCs. In this review, we highlight the key features and mechanisms that regulate CSC function in tumor initiation, progression, and therapy resistance. We discuss factors for CSC therapeutic resistance, such as quiescence, induction of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and resistance to DNA damage-induced cell death. We evaluate therapeutic approaches for eliminating therapy-resistant CSC subpopulations, including anticancer drugs that target key CSC signaling pathways and cell surface markers, viral therapies, the awakening of quiescent CSCs, and immunotherapy. We also assess the impact of new technologies, such as single-cell sequencing and CRISPR-Cas9 screening, on the investigation of the biological properties of CSCs. Moreover, challenges remain to be addressed in the coming years, including experimental approaches for investigating CSCs and obstacles in therapeutic targeting of CSCs.
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20
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Park JW, Park JH, Han JW. Fermented Ginseng Extract, BST204, Suppresses Tumorigenesis and Migration of Embryonic Carcinoma through Inhibition of Cancer Stem Cell Properties. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25143128. [PMID: 32650569 PMCID: PMC7397298 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25143128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The pharmacological effects of BST204—a fermented ginseng extract—on several types of cancers have been reported. However, the effects of ginseng products or single ginsenosides against cancer stem cells are still poorly understood. In this study, we identified the anti-tumorigenic and anti-invasive activities of BST204 through the suppression of the cancer stem cell marker, CD133. The treatment of embryonic carcinoma cells with BST204 induced the expression of the tumor suppressor protein, p53, which decreased the expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins and downregulated the expression of CD133 and several stemness transcription factors. These changes resulted in both the inhibition of tumor cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. The knockdown of CD133 suggests that it has a role in tumorigenesis, but not in cancer cell proliferation or cell cycle arrest. Treatment with BST204 resulted in the reduced expression of the mesenchymal marker, N-cadherin, and the increased expression of the epithelial marker, E-cadherin, leading to the suppression of tumor cell migration and invasion. The knockdown of CD133 also exhibited an anti-invasive effect, indicating the role of CD133 in tumor invasion. The single ginsenosides Rg3 and Rh2—major components of BST204—exhibited limited effects against cancer stem cells compared to BST204, suggesting possible synergism among several ginsenoside compounds.
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Macrophages in Oral Carcinomas: Relationship with Cancer Stem Cell Markers and PD-L1 Expression. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12071764. [PMID: 32630659 PMCID: PMC7408350 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) can be polarized into antitumoral M1 and protumoral and immunosuppressive M2 macrophages. This study investigated the clinical relevance of TAM infiltration in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), evaluating CD68 (M1 and M2 macrophage marker) and CD163 expression (M2 macrophage marker) in the tumor nests and surrounding stroma. Immunohistochemical analysis of both stromal/tumoral CD68+ and CD163+ TAMs was performed in paraffin-embedded tissue specimens from 125 OSCC patients, and correlated with clinical data. Potential relationships with the expression of cancer stem cell (CSC) markers and PD-L1 in the tumors were also assessed. Stromal CD163+ infiltration was significantly associated with the tumor location in the tongue, and stromal and tumoral CD68+ and CD163+-infiltrating TAMs were more abundant in nonsmokers and non-alcohol-drinkers. Strikingly, this study uncovers an inverse relationship between CD68+ and CD163+ TAMs and CSC marker expression (NANOG and SOX2) in OSCC. High infiltration of CD163+ TAMs in both tumor and stroma was strongly and significantly correlated with the absence of NANOG expression. Moreover, infiltration of both CD68+ and CD163+ TAMs was also significantly associated with high tumor expression of PD-L1. Our results suggest that there is a link between TAM infiltration and immune escape in OSCC.
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22
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Wu W, Xu C, Zhang X, Yu A, Shu L. Shrimp miR-965 induced the human melanoma stem-like cell apoptosis and inhibited their stemness by disrupting the MCL-1-ER stress-XBP1 feedback loop in a cross-species manner. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:248. [PMID: 32586376 PMCID: PMC7318764 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01734-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melanoma is a type of aggressive skin cancer with a poor survival rate. The resistance to conventional therapy of this disease is, at least in part, attributed to its cancer stem cell population. However, the mechanism of survival and stemness maintenance of cancer stem cells remains to be investigated. METHODS Tumorsphere formation assay was used to study the stem-like property of melanoma stem-like cells (MSLC). Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), promoter luciferase reporter assay were included for exploring the role of MCL-1 in MSLC and electrophoretic mobility shift assay were used to evaluate the interaction between shrimp miR-965 and human Ago2 protein. Melanoma xenograft nude mice were used to study the inhibition of tumor development. RESULTS In the present study, our results showed that myeloid cell leukemia sequence 1 (MCL-1) knocking down induced ER stress and apoptosis, and the expression reduction of stemness associated genes in MSLC, which implied a significant role of MCL-1 in MSLC. Further study indicated that ER stress agonist (tunicamycin) treatment in MSLC results in the translocation of XBP1, an ER stress sensor, into the nucleus to induce MCL-1 expression through direct binding to the - 313- to - 308-bp region of MCL-1 promoter. In addition, we found that a shrimp-derived miRNA (shrimp miR-965) could interact with the human Ago2 protein and suppressed the human MCL-1 expression by binding to the 3' UTR of MCL-1 mRNA, thereby inhibiting the MSLC proliferation and stemness in vitro and in vivo in a cross-species manner. CONCLUSION In conclusion, we identified an important role of MCL-1-ER stress-XBP1 feedback loop in the stemness and survival maintenance of MSLC, and shrimp miR-965, a natural food derived miRNA, could regulate MSLC stemness and survival by targeting MCL-1 and disrupting the balance of MCL-1-ER stress-XBP1 feedback loop. In conclusion, this study indicated an important mechanism of the regulation of MSLC stemness and survival, otherwise it also demonstrated the significance of cross-species-derived miRNA as promising natural drugs in melanoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlin Wu
- College of Oceanology and Food Science, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou, 36200, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenxi Xu
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobo Zhang
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - An Yu
- Huffington Centre on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Le Shu
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
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23
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Lynch-Sutherland CF, Chatterjee A, Stockwell PA, Eccles MR, Macaulay EC. Reawakening the Developmental Origins of Cancer Through Transposable Elements. Front Oncol 2020; 10:468. [PMID: 32432029 PMCID: PMC7214541 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Transposable elements (TEs) have an established role as important regulators of early human development, functioning as tissue-specific genes and regulatory elements. Functional TEs are highly active during early development, and interact with important developmental genes, some of which also function as oncogenes. Dedifferentiation is a hallmark of cancer, and is characterized by genetic and epigenetic changes that enable proliferation, self-renewal and a metabolism reminiscent of embryonic stem cells. There is also compelling evidence suggesting that the path to dedifferentiation in cancer can contribute to invasion and metastasis. TEs are frequently expressed in cancer, and recent work has identified a newly proposed mechanism involving extensive recruitment of TE-derived promoters to drive expression of oncogenes and subsequently promote oncogenesis—a process termed onco-exaptation. However, the mechanism by which this phenomenon occurs, and the extent to which it contributes to oncogenesis remains unknown. Initial hypotheses have proposed that onco-exaptation events are cancer-specific and arise randomly due to the dysregulated and hypomethylated state of cancer cells and abundance of TEs across the genome. However, we suspect that exaptation-like events may not just arise due to chance activation of novel regulatory relationships as proposed previously, but as a result of the reestablishment of early developmental regulatory relationships. Dedifferentiation in cancer is well-documented, along with expression of TEs. The known interactions between TEs and pluripotency factors such as NANOG and OCTt4 during early development, along with the expression of some placental-specific TE-derived transcripts in cancer support a possible link between TEs and dedifferentiation of tumor cells. Thus, we hypothesize that onco-exaptation events can be associated with the epigenetic reawakening of early developmental TEs to regulate expression of oncogenes and promote oncogenesis. We also suspect that activation of these early developmental regulatory TEs may promote dedifferentiation, although at this stage it is hard to predict whether TE activation is one of the initial drivers of dedifferentiation. We expect that developmental TE activation occurs as a result of the establishment of an epigenetic landscape in cancer that resembles that of early development and that developmental TE activation may also enable cancers to exploit early developmental pathways, repurposing them to promote malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aniruddha Chatterjee
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Peter A Stockwell
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Michael R Eccles
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Erin C Macaulay
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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24
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Martin-Hijano L, Sainz B. The Interactions Between Cancer Stem Cells and the Innate Interferon Signaling Pathway. Front Immunol 2020; 11:526. [PMID: 32296435 PMCID: PMC7136464 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferons (IFNs) form a family of cytokines with pleiotropic effects that modulate the immune response against multiple challenges like viral infections, autoimmune diseases, and cancer. While numerous anti-tumor activities have been described for IFNs, IFNs have also been associated with tumor growth and progression. The effect of IFNs on apoptosis, angiogenesis, tumor cell immunogenicity, and modulation of immune cells have been largely studied; however, less is known about their specific effects on cancer stem cells (CSCs). CSCs constitute a subpopulation of tumor cells endowed with stem-like properties including self-renewal, chemoresistance, tumorigenic capacity, and quiescence. This rare and unique subpopulation of cells is believed to be responsible for tumor maintenance, metastatic spread, and relapse. Thus, this review aims to summarize and discuss the current knowledge of the anti- and pro-CSCs effects of IFNs and also to highlight the need for further research on the interplay between IFNs and CSCs. Importantly, understanding this interplay will surely help to exploit the anti-tumor effects of IFNs, specifically those that target CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Martin-Hijano
- Cancer Stem Cell and Tumor Microenvironment Group, Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Cancer Stem Cell and Tumor Microenvironment Group, Department of Cancer Biology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” (IIBM), CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Cancer Stem Cell and Tumor Microenvironment Group, Chronic Diseases and Cancer—Area 3, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Bruno Sainz
- Cancer Stem Cell and Tumor Microenvironment Group, Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Cancer Stem Cell and Tumor Microenvironment Group, Department of Cancer Biology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” (IIBM), CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Cancer Stem Cell and Tumor Microenvironment Group, Chronic Diseases and Cancer—Area 3, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
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25
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Grubelnik G, Boštjančič E, Pavlič A, Kos M, Zidar N. NANOG expression in human development and cancerogenesis. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2020; 245:456-464. [PMID: 32041418 PMCID: PMC7082888 DOI: 10.1177/1535370220905560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
NANOG is an important stem cell transcription factor involved in human development and cancerogenesis. Its expression is complex and regulated on different levels. Moreover, NANOG protein might regulate hundreds of target genes at the same time. NANOG is crucial for preimplantation development phase and progressively decreases during embryonic stem cells differentiation, thus regulating embryonic and fetal development. Postnatally, NANOG is undetectable or expressed in very low amounts in the majority of human tissues. NANOG re-expression can be detected during cancerogenesis, already in precancerous lesions, with increasing levels of NANOG in high grade dysplasia. NANOG is believed to enable cancer cells to obtain stem-cell like properties, which are believed to be the source of expanding growth, tumor maintenance, metastasis formation, and tumor relapse. High NANOG expression in cancer is frequently associated with advanced stage, poor differentiation, worse overall survival, and resistance to treatment, and is therefore a promising prognostic and predictive marker. We summarize the current knowledge on the role of NANOG in cancerogenesis and development, including our own experience. We provide a critical overview of NANOG as a prognostic and diagnostic factor, including problems regarding its regulation and detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gašper Grubelnik
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Emanuela Boštjančič
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Ana Pavlič
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Marina Kos
- Clinical Hospital Center Sestre Milosrdnice and University of Zagreb Medical School, Zagreb 10 000, Croatia
| | - Nina Zidar
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
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26
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Oh SJ, Lee J, Kim Y, Song KH, Cho E, Kim M, Jung H, Kim TW. Far Beyond Cancer Immunotherapy: Reversion of Multi-Malignant Phenotypes of Immunotherapeutic-Resistant Cancer by Targeting the NANOG Signaling Axis. Immune Netw 2020; 20:e7. [PMID: 32158595 PMCID: PMC7049583 DOI: 10.4110/in.2020.20.e7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy, in the form of vaccination, adoptive cellular transfer, or immune checkpoint inhibitors, has emerged as a promising practice within the field of oncology. However, despite the developing field's potential to revolutionize cancer treatment, the presence of immunotherapeutic-resistant tumor cells in many patients present a challenge and limitation to these immunotherapies. These cells not only indicate immunotherapeutic resistance, but also show multi-modal resistance to conventional therapies, abnormal metabolism, stemness, and metastasis. How can immunotherapeutic-resistant tumor cells render multi-malignant phenotypes? We reasoned that the immune-refractory phenotype could be associated with multi-malignant phenotypes and that these phenotypes are linked together by a factor that acts as the master regulator. In this review, we discussed the role of the embryonic transcription factor NANOG as a crucial master regulator we named “common factor” in multi-malignant phenotypes and presented strategies to overcome multi-malignancy in immunotherapeutic-resistant cancer by restraining the NANOG-mediated multi-malignant signaling axis. Strategies that blunt the NANOG axis could improve the clinical management of therapy-refractory cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Jin Oh
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Korea.,Translational Research Institute for Incurable Diseases, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Jaeyoon Lee
- College of Science, College of Social Sciences and Humanities, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yukang Kim
- Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Kwon-Ho Song
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Korea.,Translational Research Institute for Incurable Diseases, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Eunho Cho
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Korea.,Translational Research Institute for Incurable Diseases, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Minsung Kim
- Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Heejae Jung
- Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Tae Woo Kim
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Korea.,Translational Research Institute for Incurable Diseases, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Korea
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27
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Leng Z, Li Y, Zhou G, Lv X, Ai W, Li J, Hou L. Krüppel-like factor 4 regulates stemness and mesenchymal properties of colorectal cancer stem cells through the TGF-β1/Smad/snail pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:1866-1877. [PMID: 31830379 PMCID: PMC6991673 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) was closely associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition and stemness in colorectal cancer stem cells (CSCs)-enriched spheroid cells. Nonetheless, the underlying molecular mechanism is unclear. This study showed that KLF4 overexpression was accompanied with stemness and mesenchymal features in Lgr5+ CD44+ EpCAM+ colorectal CSCs. KLF4 knockdown suppressed stemness, mesenchymal features and activation of the TGF-β1 pathway, whereas enforced KLF4 overexpression activated TGF-β1, phosphorylation of Smad 2/3 and Snail expression, and restored stemness and mesenchymal phenotypes. Furthermore, TGF-β1 pathway inhibition invalidated KLF4-facilitated stemness and mesenchymal features without affecting KLF4 expression. The data from the current study are the first to demonstrate that KLF4 maintains stemness and mesenchymal properties through the TGF-β1/Smad/Snail pathway in Lgr5+ CD44+ EpCAM+ colorectal CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengwei Leng
- Northeast Sichuan Acute Pancreatic Research CenterNorth Sichuan Medical CollegeSichuanChina
- Cancer Stem Cells Research CenterAffiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical CollegeSichuanChina
| | - Yong Li
- Northeast Sichuan Acute Pancreatic Research CenterNorth Sichuan Medical CollegeSichuanChina
| | - Guojun Zhou
- Northeast Sichuan Acute Pancreatic Research CenterNorth Sichuan Medical CollegeSichuanChina
| | - Xiaojiang Lv
- Northeast Sichuan Acute Pancreatic Research CenterNorth Sichuan Medical CollegeSichuanChina
| | - Walden Ai
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Environmental Health ScienceBenedict CollegeColumbiaSCUSA
| | - Jianshui Li
- Northeast Sichuan Acute Pancreatic Research CenterNorth Sichuan Medical CollegeSichuanChina
| | - Lingmi Hou
- Northeast Sichuan Acute Pancreatic Research CenterNorth Sichuan Medical CollegeSichuanChina
- Cancer Stem Cells Research CenterAffiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical CollegeSichuanChina
- Thyriod and Breast SurgeryAffiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical CollegeSichuanChina
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28
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Izadpanah S, Shabani P, Aghebati-Maleki A, Baghbanzadeh A, Fotouhi A, Bisadi A, Aghebati-Maleki L, Baradaran B. Prospects for the involvement of cancer stem cells in the pathogenesis of osteosarcoma. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:4167-4182. [PMID: 31709547 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is one of the most common bone tumors in children and adolescents that cause a high rate of mortality in this age group and tends to be metastatic, in spite of chemotherapy and surgery. The main reason for this can be returned to a small group of malignant cells called cancer stem cells (CSCs). OS-CSCs play a key role in the resistance to treatment and relapse and metastasis through self-renewal and differentiation abilities. In this review, we intend to go through the different aspects of this malignant disease, including the cancer stem cell-phenotype, methods for isolating CSCs, signaling pathways, and molecular markers in this disease, and drugs showing resistance in treatment efforts of OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sama Izadpanah
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parastoo Shabani
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Aghebati-Maleki
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Baghbanzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Fotouhi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Bisadi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leili Aghebati-Maleki
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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29
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The Emerging Role of NANOG as an Early Cancer Risk Biomarker in Patients with Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8091376. [PMID: 31484317 PMCID: PMC6780631 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8091376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
NANOG, a key regulator of pluripotency and self-renewal in embryonic and adult stem cells, is frequently overexpressed in multiple cancers, including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). It has been frequently associated with poor outcomes in epithelial cancers, and recently implicated in laryngeal tumorigenesis. On this basis, we investigated the role of NANOG protein expression as an early cancer risk biomarker in oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD), and the impact on prognosis and disease outcomes in OSCC patients. NANOG expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in 55 patients with oral epithelial dysplasia, and 125 OSCC patients. Correlations with clinical and follow-up data were assessed. Nuclear NANOG expression was detected in 2 (3.6%) and cytoplasmic NANOG expression in 9 (16.4%) oral dysplasias. NANOG expression increased with the grade of dysplasia. Cytoplasmic NANOG expression and the histopathological grading were significantly correlated with oral cancer risk, although dysplasia grading was the only significant independent predictor of oral cancer development in multivariate analyses. Cytoplasmic NANOG expression was also detected in 39 (31%) OSCC samples. Positive NANOG expression was significantly associated with tobacco and alcohol consumption, and was more frequent in pN0 tumors, early I-II stages. These data unveil the clinical relevance of NANOG in early stages of OSCC tumorigenesis rather than in advanced neoplastic disease. NANOG expression emerges as an early predictor of oral cancer risk in patients with OPMD.
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30
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TSPAN8 promotes cancer cell stemness via activation of sonic Hedgehog signaling. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2863. [PMID: 31253779 PMCID: PMC6599078 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10739-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) represent a major source of treatment resistance and tumor progression. However, regulation of CSCs stemness is not entirely understood. Here, we report that TSPAN8 expression is upregulated in breast CSCs, promotes the expression of the stemness gene NANOG, OCT4, and ALDHA1, and correlates with therapeutic resistance. Mechanistically, TSPAN8 interacts with PTCH1 and inhibits the degradation of the SHH/PTCH1 complex through recruitment of deubiquitinating enzyme ATXN3. This results in the translocation of SMO to cilia, downstream gene expression, resistance of CSCs to chemotherapeutic agents, and enhances tumor formation in mice. Accordingly, expression levels of TSPAN8, PTCH1, SHH, and ATXN3 are positively correlated in human breast cancer specimens, and high TSPAN8 and ATXN3 expression levels correlate with poor prognosis. These findings reveal a molecular basis of TSPAN8-enhanced Sonic Hedgehog signaling and highlight a role for TSPAN8 in promoting cancer stemness. Tetraspanin 8 (TSPAN8) has been implicated in a number of different tumours, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, in breast cancer the authors highlight a role for TSPAN8 in promoting tumorigenesis through the activation of Hedgehog signalling.
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31
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Chang YW, Singh KP. Arsenic-Induced Neoplastic Transformation Involves Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Activation of the β-Catenin/c-Myc Pathway in Human Kidney Epithelial Cells. Chem Res Toxicol 2019; 32:1299-1309. [PMID: 31120745 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic contamination is a serious environmental and public health issue worldwide including the United States. Accumulating evidence suggests that kidney is one of the target organs for arsenic-induced carcinogenesis. However, the mechanism of arsenic-induced renal carcinogenesis is not well understood. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the carcinogenicity of chronic exposure to an environmentally relevant concentration of arsenic on kidney epithelial cells and identify the molecular mechanism underlying this process. HK-2 kidney epithelial cells were treated with arsenic for acute, long-term, and chronic durations, and cellular responses to arsenic exposure at these time points were evaluated by the changes in growth, morphology, and expression of genes. The results revealed a significant growth increase after long-term and chronic exposure to arsenic in HK-2 cells. The morphological changes of EMT and stem cell sphere formation were also observed in long-term arsenic exposed cells. The anchorage-independent growth assay for colony formation and cell maintenance in cancer stem cell medium further confirmed neoplastic transformation and the induced cancer stem cell properties of arsenic-exposed cells. Additionally, the expression of marker genes confirmed the increased growth, EMT, and stemness during arsenic-induced carcinogenesis. Moreover, the increase expression of β-catenin and c-Myc further suggested the role of these signaling molecules during carcinogenesis in HK-2 cells. In summary, results of this study suggest that chronic exposure to arsenic even at a relatively lower concentration can induce neoplastic transformation through acquisitions of EMT, stemness, and MET phenotypes, which might be related to the β-catenin/c-Myc signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wei Chang
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, The Institute of Environmental and Human Health (TIEHH) , Texas Tech University , Lubbock , Texas , United States
| | - Kamaleshwar P Singh
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, The Institute of Environmental and Human Health (TIEHH) , Texas Tech University , Lubbock , Texas , United States
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32
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Kim GH, Choi SY, Oh TI, Kan SY, Kang H, Lee S, Oh T, Ko HM, Lim JH. IDH1 R132H Causes Resistance to HDAC Inhibitors by Increasing NANOG in Glioblastoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20112679. [PMID: 31151327 PMCID: PMC6600637 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The R132H mutation in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1R132H) is commonly observed and associated with better survival in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), a malignant brain tumor. However, the functional role of IDH1R132H as a molecular target for GBM treatment is not completely understood. In this study, we found that the overexpression of IDH1R132H suppresses cell growth, cell cycle progression and motility in U87MG glioblastoma cells. Based on cell viability and apoptosis assays, we found that IDH1R132H-overexpressing U87MG and U373MG cells are resistant to the anti-cancer effect of histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi), such as trichostatin A (TSA), vorinostat (SAHA), and valproic acid. Octyl-(R)-2-hydroxyglutarate (Octyl-2HG), which is a membrane-permeable precursor form of the oncometabolite (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate (R-2HG) produced in IDH1-mutant tumor cells, significantly increased HDACi resistance in glioblastoma cells. Mechanistically, IDH1R132H and Octyl-2HG enhanced the promoter activation of NANOG via increased H3K4-3Me, consequently increasing NANOG mRNA and protein expression. Indeed, HDACi resistance was attenuated in IDH1R132H-expressing glioblastoma cells by the suppression of NANOG using small interfering RNAs. Furthermore, we found that AGI-5198, a selective inhibitor of IDH1R132H, significantly attenuates HDACi resistance and NANOG expression IDH1R132H-expressing glioblastoma cells. These results suggested that IDH1R132H is a potential molecular target for HDACi-based therapy for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geon-Hee Kim
- Department of Applied Life Science, Graduate School of Konkuk University, College of Biomedical & Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Chungbuk, Korea.
- Diabetes and Bio-Research Center, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Chungbuk, Korea.
| | - So Young Choi
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, College of Biomedical & Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Chungbuk, Korea.
| | - Taek-In Oh
- Department of Applied Life Science, Graduate School of Konkuk University, College of Biomedical & Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Chungbuk, Korea.
- Diabetes and Bio-Research Center, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Chungbuk, Korea.
| | - Sang-Yeon Kan
- Department of Applied Life Science, Graduate School of Konkuk University, College of Biomedical & Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Chungbuk, Korea.
- Diabetes and Bio-Research Center, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Chungbuk, Korea.
| | - Hyeji Kang
- Department of Applied Life Science, Graduate School of Konkuk University, College of Biomedical & Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Chungbuk, Korea.
- Diabetes and Bio-Research Center, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Chungbuk, Korea.
| | - Sujin Lee
- Department of Applied Life Science, Graduate School of Konkuk University, College of Biomedical & Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Chungbuk, Korea.
- Diabetes and Bio-Research Center, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Chungbuk, Korea.
| | - Taerim Oh
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, College of Biomedical & Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Chungbuk, Korea.
| | - Hyun Myung Ko
- Department of Life Science, College of Science and Technology, Woosuk University, 66 Daehak-ro, Jincheon-eup, Chungcheongbuk-do 27841, Korea.
| | - Ji-Hong Lim
- Department of Applied Life Science, Graduate School of Konkuk University, College of Biomedical & Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Chungbuk, Korea.
- Diabetes and Bio-Research Center, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Chungbuk, Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, College of Biomedical & Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Chungbuk, Korea.
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Nanog Signaling Mediates Radioresistance in ALDH-Positive Breast Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20051151. [PMID: 30845764 PMCID: PMC6429380 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been identified as the major cause of both chemotherapy and radiotherapy resistance. Evidence from experimental studies applying both in vitro and in vivo preclinical models suggests that CSCs survive after conventional therapy protocols. Several mechanisms are proposed to be involved in CSC resistance to radiotherapy. Among them, stimulated DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair capacity in association with aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity seems to be the most prominent mechanism. However, thus far, the pathway through which ALDH activity stimulates DSB repair is not known. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated the underlying signaling pathway by which ALDH activity stimulates DSB repair and can lead to radioresistance of breast cancer cell lines in vitro. When compared with ALDH-negative cells, ALDH-positive cells presented significantly enhanced cell survival after radiation exposure. This enhanced cell survival was associated with stimulated Nanog, BMI1 and Notch1 protein expression, as well as stimulated Akt activity. By applying overexpression and knockdown approaches, we clearly demonstrated that Nanog expression is associated with enhanced ALDH activity and cellular radioresistance, as well as stimulated DSB repair. Akt and Notch1 targeting abrogated the Nanog-mediated radioresistance and stimulated ALDH activity. Overall, we demonstrate that Nanog signaling induces tumor cell radioresistance and stimulates ALDH activity, most likely through activation of the Notch1 and Akt pathways.
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Kang KT, Kwon YW, Kim DK, Lee SI, Kim KH, Suh DS, Kim JH. TRRAP stimulates the tumorigenic potential of ovarian cancer stem cells. BMB Rep 2019. [PMID: 29936929 PMCID: PMC6235085 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2018.51.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most fatal gynecological malignancy in women and identification of new therapeutic targets is essential for the continued development of therapy for ovarian cancer. TRRAP (transformation/transcription domain-associated protein) is an adaptor protein and a component of histone acetyltransferase complex. The present study was undertaken to investigate the roles played by TRRAP in the proliferation and tumorigenicity of ovarian cancer stem cells. TRRAP expression was found to be up-regulated in the sphere cultures of A2780 ovarian cancer cells. Knockdown of TRRAP significantly decreased cell proliferation and the number of A2780 spheroids. In addition, TRRAP knockdown induced cell cycle arrest and increased apoptotic percentages of A2780 sphere cells. Notably, the mRNA levels of stemness-associated markers, that is, OCT4, SOX2, and NANOG, were suppressed in TRRAP-silenced A2780 sphere cells. In addition, TRRAP overexpression increased the mRNA level of NANOG and the transcriptional activity of NANOG promoter in these cells. Furthermore, TRRAP knockdown significantly reduced tumor growth in a murine xenograft transplantation model. Taken together, the findings of the present study suggest that TRRAP plays an important role in the regulation of the proliferation and stemness of ovarian cancer stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Taek Kang
- Departments of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Yang Woo Kwon
- Departments of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Dae Kyoung Kim
- Departments of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Su In Lee
- Departments of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Ki-Hyung Kim
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Dong-Soo Suh
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Jae Ho Kim
- Departments of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea; Research Institute of Convergence Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Korea
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Katsura Y, Ohara T, Noma K, Ninomiya T, Kashima H, Kato T, Sato H, Komoto S, Narusaka T, Tomono Y, Xing B, Chen Y, Tazawa H, Kagawa S, Shirakawa Y, Kasai T, Seno M, Matsukawa A, Fujiwara T. A Novel Combination Cancer Therapy with Iron Chelator Targeting Cancer Stem Cells via Suppressing Stemness. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11020177. [PMID: 30717462 PMCID: PMC6406536 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11020177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Excess iron causes cancer and is thought to be related to carcinogenesis and cancer progression including stemness, but the details remain unclear. Here, we hypothesized that stemness in cancer is related to iron metabolism and that regulating iron metabolism in cancer stem cells (CSCs) may be a novel therapy. In this study, we used murine induced pluripotent stem cells that expressed specific stem cell genes such as Nanog, Oct3/4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc, and two human cancer cell lines with similar stem cell gene expression. Deferasirox, an orally available iron chelator, suppressed expression of stemness markers and spherogenesis of cells with high stemness status in vitro. Combination therapy had a marked antitumor effect compared with deferasirox or cisplatin alone. Iron metabolism appears important for maintenance of stemness in CSCs. An iron chelator combined with chemotherapy may be a novel approach via suppressing stemness for CSC targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Katsura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan (Y.K.).
| | - Toshiaki Ohara
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan (Y.K.).
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiro Noma
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan (Y.K.).
| | - Takayuki Ninomiya
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan (Y.K.).
| | - Hajime Kashima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan (Y.K.).
| | - Takuya Kato
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan (Y.K.).
| | - Hiroaki Sato
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan (Y.K.).
| | - Satoshi Komoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan (Y.K.).
| | - Toru Narusaka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan (Y.K.).
| | - Yasuko Tomono
- Shigei Medical Research Institute, Okayama 701-0202, Japan.
| | - Boyi Xing
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
| | - Yuehua Chen
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Tazawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan (Y.K.).
- Center for Innovative Clinical Medicine, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
| | - Shunsuke Kagawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan (Y.K.).
| | - Yasuhiro Shirakawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan (Y.K.).
| | - Tomonari Kasai
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Technology, Tokyo 192-0914, Japan.
| | - Masaharu Seno
- Laboratory of Nano-Biotechnology, Okayama University Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
| | - Akihiro Matsukawa
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
| | - Toshiyoshi Fujiwara
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan (Y.K.).
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36
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Li N, Zhu Y. Targeting liver cancer stem cells for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2019; 12:1756284818821560. [PMID: 30719075 PMCID: PMC6348509 DOI: 10.1177/1756284818821560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors and prognosis remains poor. It has been increasingly recognized that liver cancer stem cells (LCSCs) are responsible for the carcinogenesis, recurrence, metastasis and chemoresistance of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Targeting LCSCs is promising to be a new direction for the treatment of HCC. Herein, we summarize the potentially therapeutic targets in LCSCs at the level of genes, molecules and cells, such as knockout of oncogenes or oncoproteins, restoring the silent tumor suppressor genes, inhibition of the transcription factors and regulation of noncoding RNAs (including microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs) in LCSCs at the genetic level; inhibition of markers and blockade of the key signaling pathways of LCSCs at the molecular level; and inhibiting autophagy and application of oncolytic adenoviruses in LCSCs at the cellular level. Moreover, we analyze the potential targets in LCSCs to eliminate chemoresistance of HCC. Thereinto, the suppression of autophagy and Nanog by chloroquine and shRNA respectively may be the most promising targeting approaches. These targets may provide novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of HCC by targeting LCSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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37
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Sridharan S, Howard CM, Tilley AMC, Subramaniyan B, Tiwari AK, Ruch RJ, Raman D. Novel and Alternative Targets Against Breast Cancer Stemness to Combat Chemoresistance. Front Oncol 2019. [PMID: 31681564 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01003.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) play a vital role in tumor progression and metastasis. They are heterogeneous and inherently radio- and chemoresistant. They have the ability to self-renew and differentiate into non-BCSCs. These determinants of BCSCs including the plasticity between the mesenchymal and epithelial phenotypes often leads to minimal residual disease (MRD), tumor relapse, and therapy failure. By studying the resistance mechanisms in BCSCs, a combinatorial therapy can be formulated to co-target BCSCs and bulk tumor cells. This review addresses breast cancer stemness and molecular underpinnings of how the cancer stemness can lead to pharmacological resistance. This might occur through rewiring of signaling pathways and modulated expression of various targets that support survival and self-renewal, clonogenicity, and multi-lineage differentiation into heterogeneous bulk tumor cells following chemotherapy. We explore emerging novel and alternative molecular targets against BC stemness and chemoresistance involving survival, drug efflux, metabolism, proliferation, cell migration, invasion, and metastasis. Strategic targeting of such vulnerabilities in BCSCs may overcome the chemoresistance and increase the longevity of the metastatic breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangita Sridharan
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Cory M Howard
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Augustus M C Tilley
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | | | - Amit K Tiwari
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Randall J Ruch
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Dayanidhi Raman
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
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Sridharan S, Robeson M, Bastihalli-Tukaramrao D, Howard CM, Subramaniyan B, Tilley AMC, Tiwari AK, Raman D. Targeting of the Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor 4A Against Breast Cancer Stemness. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1311. [PMID: 31867270 PMCID: PMC6909344 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) are intrinsically chemoresistant and capable of self-renewal. Following chemotherapy, patients can develop minimal residual disease due to BCSCs which can repopulate into a relapsed tumor. Therefore, it is imperative to co-target BCSCs along with the bulk tumor cells to achieve therapeutic success and prevent recurrence. So, it is vital to identify actionable molecular targets against both BCSCs and bulk tumor cells. Previous findings from our lab and others have demonstrated that inhibition of the emerging drug target eIF4A with Rocaglamide A (RocA) was efficacious against triple-negative breast cancer cells (TNBC). RocA specifically targets the pool of eIF4A bound to the oncogenic mRNAs that requires its helicase activity for their translation. This property enables specific targeting of tumor cells. The efficacy of RocA against BCSCs is unknown. In this study, we postulated that eIF4A could be a vulnerable node in BCSCs. In order to test this, we generated a paclitaxel-resistant TNBC cell line which demonstrated an elevated level of eIF4A along with increased levels of cancer stemness markers (ALDH activity and CD44), pluripotency transcription factors (SOX2, OCT4, and NANOG) and drug transporters (ABCB1, ABCG2, and ABCC1). Furthermore, genetic ablation of eIF4A resulted in reduced expression of ALDH1A1, pluripotency transcription factors and drug transporters. This pointed out that eIF4A is likely associated with selected set of proteins that are critical to BCSCs, and hence targeting eIF4A may eliminate BCSCs. Therefore, we isolated BCSCs from two TNBC cell lines: MDA-Bone-Un and SUM-159PT. Following RocA treatment, the self-renewal ability of the BCSCs was significantly reduced as determined by the efficiency of the formation of primary and secondary mammospheres. This was accompanied by a reduction in the levels of NANOG, OCT4, and drug transporters. Exposure to RocA also induced cell death of the BCSCs as evaluated by DRAQ7 and cell viability assays. RocA treatment induced apoptosis with increased levels of cleaved caspase-3. Overall, we identified that RocA is effective in targeting BCSCs, and eIF4A is an actionable molecular target in both BCSCs and bulk tumor cells. Therefore, anti-eIF4A inhibitors could potentially be combined synergistically with existing chemo-, radio- and/or immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangita Sridharan
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Megan Robeson
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Diwakar Bastihalli-Tukaramrao
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Cory M. Howard
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Boopathi Subramaniyan
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Augustus M. C. Tilley
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Amit K. Tiwari
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Dayanidhi Raman
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Toledo, OH, United States
- *Correspondence: Dayanidhi Raman
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Zhang J, Chen M, Zhu Y, Dai X, Dang F, Ren J, Ren S, Shulga YV, Beca F, Gan W, Wu F, Lin YM, Zhou X, DeCaprio JA, Beck AH, Lu KP, Huang J, Zhao C, Sun Y, Gao X, Pandolfi PP, Wei W. SPOP Promotes Nanog Destruction to Suppress Stem Cell Traits and Prostate Cancer Progression. Dev Cell 2018; 48:329-344.e5. [PMID: 30595538 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2018.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Frequent SPOP mutation defines the molecular feature underlying one of seven sub-types of human prostate cancer (PrCa). However, it remains largely elusive how SPOP functions as a tumor suppressor in PrCa. Here, we report that SPOP suppresses stem cell traits of both embryonic stem cells and PrCa cells through promoting Nanog poly-ubiquitination and subsequent degradation. Mechanistically, Nanog, but not other pluripotency-determining factors including Oct4, Sox2, and Klf4, specifically interacts with SPOP via a conservative degron motif. Importantly, cancer-derived mutations in SPOP or at the Nanog-degron (S68Y) disrupt SPOP-mediated destruction of Nanog, leading to elevated cancer stem cell traits and PrCa progression. Notably, we identify the Pin1 oncoprotein as an upstream Nanog regulator that impairs its recognition by SPOP and thereby stabilizes Nanog. Thus, Pin1 inhibitors promote SPOP-mediated destruction of Nanog, which provides the molecular insight and rationale to use Pin1 inhibitor(s) for targeted therapies of PrCa patients with wild-type SPOP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfang Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Ming Chen
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Yasheng Zhu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiangpeng Dai
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Fabin Dang
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Junming Ren
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Shancheng Ren
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yulia V Shulga
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Francisco Beca
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5324, USA
| | - Wenjian Gan
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Fei Wu
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Yu-Min Lin
- Division of Translational Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Xiaobo Zhou
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James A DeCaprio
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Andrew H Beck
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Kun Ping Lu
- Division of Translational Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jiaoti Huang
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Cheryl Zhao
- Stemmera Inc, 3475 Edison Way Suite J2, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Yinghao Sun
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xu Gao
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Pier Paolo Pandolfi
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Wenyi Wei
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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40
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Rios-Fuller TJ, Ortiz-Soto G, Lacourt-Ventura M, Maldonado-Martinez G, Cubano LA, Schneider RJ, Martinez-Montemayor MM. Ganoderma lucidum extract (GLE) impairs breast cancer stem cells by targeting the STAT3 pathway. Oncotarget 2018; 9:35907-35921. [PMID: 30542507 PMCID: PMC6267592 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The aggressive nature of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) may be explained in part by the presence of breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs), a subpopulation of cells, which are involved in tumor initiation, progression, metastasis, recurrence, and therapy resistance. The signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway participates in the development and progression of BCSCs, but its role in TNBC remains unclear. Here, we report that Ganoderma lucidum extract (GLE), a medicinal mushroom with anticancer activity, acts on BCSCs in vitro and in TNBC pre-clinical animal tumor models by downregulating the STAT3 pathway. We show that GLE significantly reduces TNBC cell viability, and down-regulates total and phosphorylated STAT3 expression. This is consistent with the reduction of OCT4, NANOG and SOX2 expression, reduction in the BCSC population by loss of the ALDH1 and CD44+/CD24– population, the deformation of mammospheres, and the strong reduction in animal tumor volume and tumor weight. Analysis of the BCSC compartment in tumors revealed that GLE decreases the STAT3 pathway and the expression of OCT4, NANOG, and SOX2 in BCSCs. These findings demonstrate that the anti-cancer activity of GLE targets BCSCs of TNBC through the downregulation of the STAT3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany J Rios-Fuller
- Universidad Central del Caribe-School of Medicine, Bayamon, Puerto Rico, United States of America
| | - Gabriela Ortiz-Soto
- Universidad Central del Caribe-School of Medicine, Bayamon, Puerto Rico, United States of America
| | - Mercedes Lacourt-Ventura
- Universidad Central del Caribe-School of Medicine, Bayamon, Puerto Rico, United States of America
| | | | - Luis A Cubano
- Universidad Central del Caribe-School of Medicine, Bayamon, Puerto Rico, United States of America
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Rasti A, Mehrazma M, Madjd Z, Abolhasani M, Saeednejad Zanjani L, Asgari M. Co-expression of Cancer Stem Cell Markers OCT4 and NANOG Predicts Poor Prognosis in Renal Cell Carcinomas. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11739. [PMID: 30082842 PMCID: PMC6079110 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30168-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Many renal cancer patients experience disease recurrence after combined treatments or immunotherapy due to permanence of cancer stem cells (CSCs). This study was conducted to evaluate the expression patterns and clinical significance of octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (OCT4) and NANOG as the key stem cell factors in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). A total of 186 RCC tissues were immunostained on a tissue microarray (TMA) for the putative CSC markers OCT4 and NANOG. Subsequently, the correlation among the expression of these markers, the clinicopathological variables and survival outcomes were determined. OCT4 and NANOG were expressed in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm of RCC cells. Coexpression of OCT4 and NANOG in renal cancer was significantly associated with RCC subtypes. A significant association was found among nuclear coexpression of OCT4 and NANOG, worse PFS in RCC, and the clear cell renal cell carcinomas (ccRCC) subtype. The OCT4-nuclear high/NANOG-nuclear high phenotype in RCC and ccRCC subtype indicated aggressive tumor behavior and predicted a worse clinical outcome, which may be a useful biomarker to identify patients at high risk of postoperative recurrence and metastasis. Cytoplasmic expression of NANOG could be considered as a novel independent prognostic predictor in patients with renal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arezoo Rasti
- Oncopathology Research Centre, Iran University of medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mitra Mehrazma
- Oncopathology Research Centre, Iran University of medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran. .,Hasheminejad Kidney Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, (IUMS), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Zahra Madjd
- Oncopathology Research Centre, Iran University of medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran. .,Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Maryam Abolhasani
- Oncopathology Research Centre, Iran University of medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran.,Hasheminejad Kidney Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mojgan Asgari
- Oncopathology Research Centre, Iran University of medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran.,Hasheminejad Kidney Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
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42
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Wefers C, Schreibelt G, Massuger LFAG, de Vries IJM, Torensma R. Immune Curbing of Cancer Stem Cells by CTLs Directed to NANOG. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1412. [PMID: 29971070 PMCID: PMC6018198 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been identified as the source of tumor growth and disease recurrence. Eradication of CSCs is thus essential to achieve durable responses, but CSCs are resistant to current anti-tumor therapies. Novel therapeutic approaches that specifically target CSCs will, therefore, be crucial to improve patient outcome. Immunotherapies, which boost the body's own immune system to eliminate cancerous cells, could be an alternative approach to target CSCs. Vaccines of dendritic cells (DCs) loaded with tumor antigens can evoke highly specific anti-tumor T cell responses. Importantly, DC vaccination also promotes immunological memory formation, paving the way for long-term cancer control. Here, we propose a DC vaccination that specifically targets CSCs. DCs loaded with NANOG peptides, a protein required for maintaining stem cell properties, could evoke a potent anti-tumor immune response against CSCs. We hypothesize that the resulting immunological memory will also control newly formed CSCs, thereby preventing disease recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Wefers
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Gerty Schreibelt
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | | | - I. Jolanda M. de Vries
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Ruurd Torensma
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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43
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Stemness-Attenuating miR-503-3p as a Paracrine Factor to Regulate Growth of Cancer Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:4851949. [PMID: 29849663 PMCID: PMC5904772 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4851949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) with self-renewal abilities endorse cellular heterogeneity, resulting in metastasis and recurrence. However, there are no promising therapeutics directed against CSCs. Herein, we found that miR-503-3p inhibited tumor growth via the regulation of CSC proliferation and self-renewal. miR-503-3p, isolated from human adipose stem cell- (ASC-) derived exosomes, suppressed initiation and progression of CSCs as determined by anchorage-dependent (colony formation) and anchorage-independent (tumorsphere formation) assays. The expression of pluripotency genes was significantly decreased in miR-503-3p-treated CSCs. Furthermore, xenografts, which received miR-503-3p, exhibited remarkably reduced tumor growth in vivo. Thus, miR-503-3p may function as a stemness-attenuating factor via cell-to-cell communications.
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44
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Thiagarajan PS, Sinyuk M, Turaga SM, Mulkearns-Hubert EE, Hale JS, Rao V, Demelash A, Saygin C, China A, Alban TJ, Hitomi M, Torre-Healy LA, Alvarado AG, Jarrar A, Wiechert A, Adorno-Cruz V, Fox PL, Calhoun BC, Guan JL, Liu H, Reizes O, Lathia JD. Cx26 drives self-renewal in triple-negative breast cancer via interaction with NANOG and focal adhesion kinase. Nat Commun 2018; 9:578. [PMID: 29422613 PMCID: PMC5805730 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-02938-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumors adapt their phenotypes during growth and in response to therapies through dynamic changes in cellular processes. Connexin proteins enable such dynamic changes during development, and their dysregulation leads to disease states. The gap junction communication channels formed by connexins have been reported to exhibit tumor-suppressive functions, including in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). However, we find that connexin 26 (Cx26) is elevated in self-renewing cancer stem cells (CSCs) and is necessary and sufficient for their maintenance. Cx26 promotes CSC self-renewal by forming a signaling complex with the pluripotency transcription factor NANOG and focal adhesion kinase (FAK), resulting in NANOG stabilization and FAK activation. This FAK/NANOG-containing complex is not formed in mammary epithelial or luminal breast cancer cells. These findings challenge the paradigm that connexins are tumor suppressors in TNBC and reveal a unique function for Cx26 in regulating the core self-renewal signaling that controls CSC maintenance. Connexin proteins are usually considered as tumor suppressors. Here, the authors show that connexin 26 (Cx26) regulates the self-renewal of breast cancer stem cells via a ternary complex with FAK and NANOG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveena S Thiagarajan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44915, USA.,Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Maksim Sinyuk
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44915, USA
| | - Soumya M Turaga
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44915, USA
| | - Erin E Mulkearns-Hubert
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44915, USA
| | - James S Hale
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44915, USA
| | - Vinay Rao
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44915, USA
| | - Abeba Demelash
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44915, USA
| | - Caner Saygin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44915, USA
| | - Arnab China
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44915, USA
| | - Tyler J Alban
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44915, USA.,Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Masahiro Hitomi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44915, USA.,Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Luke A Torre-Healy
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44915, USA
| | - Alvaro G Alvarado
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44915, USA
| | - Awad Jarrar
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44915, USA
| | - Andrew Wiechert
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44915, USA
| | - Valery Adorno-Cruz
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.,Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.,Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, Northwestern University School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Paul L Fox
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44915, USA.,Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.,Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | | | - Jun-Lin Guan
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Huiping Liu
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.,Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.,Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, Northwestern University School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Ofer Reizes
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44915, USA. .,Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA. .,Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
| | - Justin D Lathia
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44915, USA. .,Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA. .,Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
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45
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Negative control of the HGF/c-MET pathway by TGF-β: a new look at the regulation of stemness in glioblastoma. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:3210. [PMID: 29238047 PMCID: PMC5870582 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-017-0051-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Multiple target inhibition has gained considerable interest in combating drug resistance in glioblastoma, however, understanding the molecular mechanisms of crosstalk between signaling pathways and predicting responses of cancer cells to targeted interventions has remained challenging. Despite the significant role attributed to transforming growth factor (TGF)-β family and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/c-MET signaling in glioblastoma pathogenesis, their functional interactions have not been well characterized. Using genetic and pharmacological approaches to stimulate or antagonize the TGF-β pathway in human glioma-initiating cells (GIC), we observed that TGF-β exerts an inhibitory effect on c-MET phosphorylation. Inhibition of either mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/ extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) or phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (PKB/AKT) signaling pathway attenuated this effect. A comparison of c-MET-driven and c-MET independent GIC models revealed that TGF-β inhibits stemness in GIC at least in part via its negative regulation of c-MET activity, suggesting that stem cell (SC) maintenance may be controlled by the balance between these two oncogenic pathways. Importantly, immunohistochemical analyses of human glioblastoma and ex vivo single-cell gene expression profiling of TGF-β and HGF confirm the negative interaction between both pathways. These novel insights into the crosstalk of two major pathogenic pathways in glioblastoma may explain some of the disappointing results when targeting either pathway alone in human glioblastoma patients and inform on potential future designs on targeted pharmacological or genetic intervention.
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46
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Ramos EK, Hoffmann AD, Gerson SL, Liu H. New Opportunities and Challenges to Defeat Cancer Stem Cells. Trends Cancer 2017; 3:780-796. [PMID: 29120754 PMCID: PMC5958547 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2017.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a subpopulation of cancer cells that are capable of self-renewal, proliferation, differentiation, plastic adaptation, and immune regulation, thereby mediating tumorigenesis, metastasis, and therapy resistance. CSCs are associated with cancer progression and clinical outcome in cancer patients. Successful targeting of CSCs will therefore be necessary to eradicate and cure cancer. Functional regulators of stem cell (stemness) signaling pathways in human cancers have brought new opportunities to target CSCs and reframe cancer-targeting strategies in clinical settings. However, challenges remain due to a lack of complete understanding of CSC plasticity/heterogeneity and the limited efficacy of individual stemness inhibitors in cancer treatment. In this article we review CSC signaling pathways and the current state of CSC-targeting therapeutics in combinatory treatments in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika K Ramos
- Driskill Graduate Program, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA; Department Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; These authors equally contributed to the manuscript preparation
| | - Andrew D Hoffmann
- Department Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; These authors equally contributed to the manuscript preparation
| | - Stanton L Gerson
- The Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA; The National Center for Regenerative Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA; Seidman Cancer Center, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Huiping Liu
- Department Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; The Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA; The National Center for Regenerative Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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47
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Suppressive Effect of Crocin and Cisplatin on Pluripotency Genes Expression in Human Cervical Cancer Cells. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER MANAGEMENT 2017. [DOI: 10.5812/ijcm.11152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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48
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Szaryńska M, Olejniczak A, Kobiela J, Spychalski P, Kmieć Z. Therapeutic strategies against cancer stem cells in human colorectal cancer. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:7653-7668. [PMID: 29250169 PMCID: PMC5727596 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most frequent malignancy and represents the fourth most common cause of cancer-associated mortalities in the world. Despite many advances in the treatment of CRC, the 5-year survival rate of patients with CRC remains unsatisfactory due to tumor recurrence and metastases. Recently, cancer stem cells (CSCs), have been suggested to be responsible for the initiation and relapse of the disease, and have been identified in CRC. Due to their basic biological features, which include self-renewal and pluripotency, CSCs may be novel therapeutic targets for CRC and other cancer types. Conventional therapeutics only act on proliferating and mature cancer cells, while quiescent CSCs survive and often become resistant to chemotherapy. In this review, markers of CRC-CSCs are evaluated and the recently introduced experimental therapies that specifically target these cells by inducing CSC proliferation, differentiation and sensitization to apoptotic signals via molecules including Dickkopf-1, bone morphogenetic protein 4, Kindlin-1, tankyrases, and p21-activated kinase 1, are discussed. In addition, novel strategies aimed at inhibiting some crucial processes engaged in cancer progression regulated by the Wnt, transforming growth factor β and Notch signaling pathways (pyrvinium pamoate, silibinin, PRI-724, P17, and P144 peptides) are also evaluated. Although the metabolic alterations in cancer were first described decades ago, it is only recently that the concept of targeting key regulatory molecules of cell metabolism, such as sirtuin 1 (miR-34a) and AMPK (metformin), has emerged. In conclusion, the discovery of CSCs has resulted in the definition of novel therapeutic targets and the development of novel experimental therapies for CRC. However, further investigations are required in order to apply these novel drugs in human CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Szaryńska
- Department of Histology, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-210 Gdańsk; Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Agata Olejniczak
- Department of Histology, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-210 Gdańsk; Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jarosław Kobiela
- Department of General, Endocrine and Transplant Surgery, Invasive Medicine Center, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-214 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Piotr Spychalski
- Department of General, Endocrine and Transplant Surgery, Invasive Medicine Center, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-214 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Kmieć
- Department of Histology, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-210 Gdańsk; Gdańsk, Poland
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49
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Gong P, Hu C, Zhou X, Wang R, Duan Z. TAT-mediated si-hWAPL inhibits the invasion and metastasis of cervical cancer stem cells. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:5452-5458. [PMID: 29285075 PMCID: PMC5740514 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human wings apart-like (hWAPL) is reported to have an association with cervical cancer. In the present study, the role of hWAPL in cervical cancer stem cells (CCSCs) was evaluated. Cervical tumorspheres were generated from cervical cancer tissues cultured in stem cell medium, and the expression of hWAPL by the tumorspheres was detected using immunohistochemistry. hWAPL expression levels in the tumorspheres were then upregulated using hWAPL adenoviral vectors or downregulated via the TAT-mediated knockdown of hWAPL and the effects on the tumorspheres were evaluated using colony formation, cell invasion and western blotting assays. The results demonstrated that the expression of hWAPL and human papillomavirus (HPV) was associated with the pluripotency of CCSCs, with hWAPL expression decreasing following the differentiation of cervical tumorspheres. Knockdown of hWAPL expression decreased HPV E6 expression and inhibited tumor invasion and colony formation. TAT-mediated knockdown of hWAPL with short interfering RNA significantly reduced tumor growth in nude mice. These results suggest that hWAPL is a marker of CCSC proliferation and is potentially a therapeutic target for cervical carcinoma through the downregulation of HPV E6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pijun Gong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Chunyan Hu
- Department of Gynecology, Northwest Women and Children's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Xi Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Renxiao Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Zhao Duan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
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50
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Yan GN, Tang XF, Zhang XC, He T, Huang YS, Zhang X, Meng G, Guo DY, Lv YF, Guo QN. TSSC3 represses self-renewal of osteosarcoma stem cells and Nanog expression by inhibiting the Src/Akt pathway. Oncotarget 2017; 8:85628-85641. [PMID: 29156746 PMCID: PMC5689636 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common type of bone cancer, and the second leading cause of cancer-related death in children and young adults. Osteosarcoma stem cells are essential for osteosarcoma initiation, metastasis, chemoresistance and recurrence. In the present study, we report that: 1) higher TSSC3 expression indicates a better prognosis for osteosarcoma patients, and; 2) overexpression of TSSC3 significantly decreases sphere-forming capacity, tumor initiation, stemness-related surface markers and Nanog expression in osteosarcoma cells. We also discovered that higher Nanog expression correlates to a worse prognosis for osteosarcoma patients, and overexpression of Nanog increases the stem-related phenotype in osteosarcoma cells. Knockdown of Nanog suppresses these phenotypes. Inhibition of Nanog expression and self-renewal of osteosarcoma cells by TSSC3 overexpression appears to be mediated through inactivation of the Src/Akt pathway. In the clinical setting, expression of TSSC3, p-Src and Nanog is associated with recurrence, metastasis and surgical intervention. Lower TSSC3 expression, higher Nanog expression or higher p-Src expression indicate a poor prognosis for osteosarcoma patients. Overall, our study demonstrates that TSSC3 inhibits the stem-like phenotype and Nanog expression by inactivation of the Src/Akt pathway; this emphasizes the importance of Nanog in osteosarcoma stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Ning Yan
- Department of Pathology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Xue-Feng Tang
- Department of Pathology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Xian-Chao Zhang
- Institute of Pathology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Ting He
- Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Yu-Sheng Huang
- Department of Pathology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Gang Meng
- Department of Pathology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - De-Yu Guo
- Institute of Pathology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Yang-Fan Lv
- Department of Pathology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Qiao-Nan Guo
- Department of Pathology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
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