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Kamath HS, Shukla R, Shah U, Patel S, Das S, Chordia A, Satish P, Ghosh D. Role of Gut Microbiota in Predisposition to Colon Cancer: A Narrative Review. Indian J Microbiol 2024; 64:1-13. [PMID: 39282181 PMCID: PMC11399513 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-024-01242-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Globally, colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Dietary habits, inflammation, hereditary characteristics, and gut microbiota are some of its causes. The gut microbiota, a diverse population of bacteria living in the digestive system, has an impact on a variety of parameters, including inflammation, DNA damage, and immune response. The gut microbiome has a significant role in colon cancer susceptibility. Many studies have highlighted dysbiosis, an imbalance in the gut microbiota's makeup, as a major factor in colon cancer susceptibility. Dysbiosis has the potential to produce toxic metabolites and pro-inflammatory substances, which can hasten the growth of tumours. The ability of the gut microbiota to affect the host's immune system can also influence whether cancer develops or not. By better comprehending these complex interactions between colon cancer predisposition and gut flora, new preventive and therapeutic techniques might be developed. Targeting the gut microbiome with dietary modifications, probiotics, or faecal microbiota transplantation may offer cutting-edge approaches to reducing the risk of colon cancer and improving patient outcomes. The complex connection between the makeup of the gut microbiota and the emergence of colorectal cancer is explored in this narrative review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hattiangadi Shruthi Kamath
- Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, a constituent institution of the Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Mangalore, Karnataka India
| | - Rushikesh Shukla
- Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, a constituent institution of the Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Mangalore, Karnataka India
| | - Urmil Shah
- Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, a constituent institution of the Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Mangalore, Karnataka India
| | - Siddhi Patel
- Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, a constituent institution of the Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Mangalore, Karnataka India
| | - Soumyajit Das
- Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, a constituent institution of the Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Mangalore, Karnataka India
| | - Ayush Chordia
- Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, a constituent institution of the Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Mangalore, Karnataka India
| | - Poorvikha Satish
- Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, a constituent institution of the Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Mangalore, Karnataka India
| | - Dibyankita Ghosh
- Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, a constituent institution of the Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Mangalore, Karnataka India
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A Functional Polymorphism in the Promoter Region of Interleukin-12B Increases the Risk of Colorectal Cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:2091781. [PMID: 32149085 PMCID: PMC7054766 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2091781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Objective To investigate whether the polymorphisms of interleukin-12B (IL-12B) were associated with the risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC). Patients and Methods. Genotypes of rs17860508 and rs3212227 were determined by polymerase chain reaction with a direct sequencing method in 329 CRC patients and 342 matched healthy control subjects. The expression of IL-12B) were associated with the risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC). Results Compared with TTAGAG/TTAGAG genotype of rs17860508, the GC/GC and TTAGAG/GC genotypes may significantly increase the risk of CRC (OR = 1.81, 95% CI = 1.18-2.78; OR = 1.46, 95% CI = 1.01-2.12, respectively). Furthermore, the mRNA levels of IL-12B) were associated with the risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC). P=0.009) and TTAGAG/TTAGAG (P=0.009) and TTAGAG/TTAGAG (. Conclusion These data suggested that the rs17860508 GC/GC genotype might upregulate IL-12B expression at the transcriptional level and thus increase the risk of CRC.IL-12B) were associated with the risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC).
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Oliveira RC, Abrantes AM, Tralhão JG, Botelho MF. The role of mouse models in colorectal cancer research-The need and the importance of the orthotopic models. Animal Model Exp Med 2020; 3:1-8. [PMID: 32318654 PMCID: PMC7167241 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is a worldwide health burden, with high incidence and mortality, especially in the advanced stages of the disease. Preclinical models are very important and valuable to discover and validate early and specific biomarkers as well as new therapeutic targets. In order to accomplish that, the animal models must replicate the clinical evolution of the disease in all of its phases. In this article, we review the existent mouse models, with their strengths and weaknesses in the replication of human cancer disease progression, with major focus on orthotopic models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui C. Oliveira
- Biophysics UnitFaculty of MedicineUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
- Pathology DepartmentUniversity Hospital (CHUC)CoimbraPortugal
| | - Ana Margarida Abrantes
- Biophysics UnitFaculty of MedicineUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
- Centre of Investigation on Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO)CoimbraPortugal
| | - José Guilherme Tralhão
- Biophysics UnitFaculty of MedicineUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
- Centre of Investigation on Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO)CoimbraPortugal
- Surgery A DepartmentFaculty of MedicineUniversity Hospital (CHUC)CoimbraPortugal
| | - Maria Filomena Botelho
- Biophysics UnitFaculty of MedicineUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
- Centre of Investigation on Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO)CoimbraPortugal
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Sun R, Jia F, Liang Y, Li L, Bai P, Yuan F, Gao L, Zhang L. Interaction analysis of IL-12A and IL-12B polymorphisms with the risk of colorectal cancer. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:9295-301. [PMID: 26104769 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3685-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
IL-12 is an antitumor cytokine with functions of inhibiting tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis, indicating that IL-12 is a promising candidate for cancer treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of IL-12A rs568408, IL-12A rs2243115, and IL-12B rs3212227 with the susceptibility to colorectal cancer (CRC). Two hundred and fifty-seven histopathologically confirmed CRC patients and 236 age- and gender-matched controls were enrolled. The three polymorphisms were genotyped using a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay. We found that the IL-12A rs568408 AG/AA genotypes were associated with an increased risk of CRC with an adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 1.66 (95 % confidence interval (CI), 1.11-2.48). Stratified analyses showed that patients carrying the IL-12B rs3212227AC/CC genotypes had a 1.97-fold increased risk of tumor metastasis (OR = 1.97; 95 % CI, 1.04-3.70). Gene-gene interaction analysis showed that subjects carrying the IL-12A rs568408AG/AA and IL-12B rs3212227AA genotypes had a 2.40-fold increased risk of CRC (OR = 2.40; 95 % CI, 1.14-5.07) and individuals carrying the IL-12A rs568408AG/AA and IL-12B rs3212227AC/CC genotypes had a 1.93-fold increased risk of CRC (OR = 1.93; 95 % CI, 1.10-3.41). These findings indicate that IL-12A rs568408 and IL-12B rs3212227 may be related to the development of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifen Sun
- Department of Immunology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China. .,Central Laboratory, Yunnan University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fu Jia
- Department of Orthopedics, National Clinical Key Specialty, Yanan Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650051, Yunnan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yundan Liang
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Medicine, West China Institute of Women and Children's Health, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Obstetric and Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lijuan Li
- Department of Forensic Biology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China.
| | - Peng Bai
- Department of Forensic Biology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fang Yuan
- Department of Immunology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China.
| | - Linbo Gao
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Medicine, West China Institute of Women and Children's Health, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Obstetric and Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Immunology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China. .,Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Medicine, West China Institute of Women and Children's Health, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Obstetric and Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China.
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Shen F, Cai WS, Li JL, Feng Z, Liu QC, Xiao HQ, Cao J, Xu B. Synergism from the combination of ulinastatin and curcumin offers greater inhibition against colorectal cancer liver metastases via modulating matrix metalloproteinase-9 and E-cadherin expression. Onco Targets Ther 2014; 7:305-14. [PMID: 24570592 PMCID: PMC3933719 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s57126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver metastasis is a major cause of mortality in colorectal cancer (CRC). The current study was to investigate the ability of ulinastatin (UTI) and curcumin (CUR) to inhibit CRC liver metastases via modulating matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and E-cadherin expression. Human CRC HCT-116 cells were treated with compounds individually and in combination in order to understand the effect on cell migration and invasion. The HCT-116 cell line was established to stably express luciferase and green fluorescent protein (GFP) by lentiviral transduction (HCT-116-Luc-GFP). We identified an anti-metastasis effect of UTI and CUR on a CRC liver metastasis mouse model. Tumor development and therapeutic responses were dynamically tracked by bioluminescence imaging. Expression of MMP-9 and E-cadherin in metastatic tumors was detected by immunohistochemical assay. Results of wound healing and cell invasion assays suggest that treatment with UTI, CUR, and UTI plus CUR, respectively, significantly inhibit HCT-116 cell migration and invasion. Furthermore, results of CRC hepatic metastasis on a nude mouse model showed that treatment with UTI, CUR alone, and a combination notably inhibited hepatic metastases from CRC and prolonged survival of tumor-bearing mice, especially in the UTI plus CUR group. These results suggest that the combination of UTI and CUR together may offer greater inhibition against metastasis of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Shen
- Department of General Surgery, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen-Song Cai
- Department of General Surgery, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiang-Lin Li
- Department of General Surgery, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhe Feng
- Department of General Surgery, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi-cai Liu
- Experimental Medical Research Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huan-qing Xiao
- Department of General Surgery, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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