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Mosallaei M, Siri G, Alani B, Khomartash MS, Naghoosi H, Pourghazi F, Heidari R, Sabet MN, Behroozi J. Differential methylation of DNA promoter sequences in peripheral blood mononuclear cells as promising diagnostic biomarkers for colorectal cancer. J Cancer Res Ther 2024; 20:993-998. [PMID: 39023608 DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_2542_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Previous reports have indicated that the methylation profile in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in different genes and loci is altered in colorectal cancer (CRC). Regarding the high mortality rate and silent nature of CRC, screening and early detection can meaningfully reduce disease-related deaths. Therefore, for the first time, we aimed to evaluate the early non-invasive diagnosis of CRC via quantitative promoter methylation analysis of RUNX3 and RASSF1A genes in PBMCs. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the present study, we analyzed the methylation status of two important tumor suppressor genes including RUNX3 and RASSF1A in 70 CRC patients and 70 non-malignant subjects using methylation-quantification of endonuclease-resistant DNA (MethyQESD), and a bisulfite conversion-independent method. RESULTS RUNX3 was significantly hypermethylated in PBMCs of CRC patients compared to healthy controls (P < 0.001). By determining the efficient cutoff value, the sensitivity, and specificity of RUNX3 promoter methylation for CRC diagnosis reached 84.28% and 77.14%, respectively. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses demonstrated that RUNX3 promoter methylation has high accuracy (areas under the curve [AUC] = 0.840, P < 0.001) for discriminating CRC subjects from healthy individuals. Moreover, RUNX3 methylation levels in PBMCs progressively increased with the stage of the disease (P < 0.001). Although the amount of RASSF1A promoter methylation was not significantly different between CRC patients and controls as well as in different stages of the disease (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Our findings confirmed that PBMCs are reliable sources of methylation analysis for CRC screening, and RUNX3 promoter methylation can be used as a promising biomarker for early diagnosis of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meysam Mosallaei
- Department of Genetics and Advanced Medical Technology, Faculty of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Goli Siri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amir-Alam Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behrang Alani
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | | | - Hamed Naghoosi
- Infectious Disease Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Pourghazi
- Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Heidari
- Department of Genetics and Advanced Medical Technology, Faculty of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Research Center for Cancer Screening and Epidemiology, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad N Sabet
- Department of Genetics and Advanced Medical Technology, Faculty of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Behroozi
- Department of Genetics and Advanced Medical Technology, Faculty of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Research Center for Cancer Screening and Epidemiology, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Selven H, Busund LTR, Andersen S, Pedersen MI, Lombardi APG, Kilvaer TK. High Expression of IRS-1, RUNX3 and SMAD4 Are Positive Prognostic Factors in Stage I-III Colon Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15051448. [PMID: 36900240 PMCID: PMC10000923 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15051448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Colon cancer is a common malignancy and a major contributor to human morbidity and mortality. In this study, we explore the expression and prognostic impact of IRS-1, IRS-2, RUNx3, and SMAD4 in colon cancer. Furthermore, we elucidate their correlations with miRs 126, 17-5p, and 20a-5p, which are identified as potential regulators of these proteins. Tumor tissue from 452 patients operated for stage I-III colon cancer was retrospectively collected and assembled into tissue microarrays. Biomarkers' expressions were examined by immunohistochemistry and analyzed using digital pathology. In univariate analyses, high expression levels of IRS1 in stromal cytoplasm, RUNX3 in tumor (nucleus and cytoplasm) and stroma (nucleus and cytoplasm), and SMAD4 in tumor (nucleus and cytoplasm) and stromal cytoplasm were related to increased disease-specific survival (DSS). In multivariate analyses, high expression of IRS1 in stromal cytoplasm, RUNX3 in tumor nucleus and stromal cytoplasm, and high expression of SMAD4 in tumor and stromal cytoplasm remained independent predictors of improved DSS. Surprisingly, with the exception of weak correlations (0.2 < r < 0.25) between miR-126 and SMAD4, the investigated markers were mostly uncorrelated with the miRs. However, weak to moderate/strong correlations (0.3 < r < 0.6) were observed between CD3 and CD8 positive lymphocyte density and stromal RUNX3 expression. High expression levels of IRS1, RUNX3, and SMAD4 are positive prognostic factors in stage I-III colon cancer. Furthermore, stromal expression of RUNX3 is associated with increased lymphocyte density, suggesting that RUNX3 is an important mediator during recruitment and activation of immune cells in colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hallgeir Selven
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital of North Norway, 9038 Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9038 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Lill-Tove Rasmussen Busund
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of North Norway, 9038 Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Medical Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9038 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Sigve Andersen
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital of North Norway, 9038 Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9038 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Mona Irene Pedersen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9038 Tromsø, Norway
| | | | - Thomas Karsten Kilvaer
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital of North Norway, 9038 Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9038 Tromsø, Norway
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +47-905-24-635
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Pan-cancer landscape of the RUNX protein family reveals their potential as carcinogenic biomarkers and the mechanisms underlying their action. J Transl Int Med 2022; 10:156-174. [PMID: 35959452 PMCID: PMC9328034 DOI: 10.2478/jtim-2022-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The RUNX family of transcription factors plays an important regulatory role in tumor development. Although the importance of RUNX in certain cancer types is well known, the pan-cancer landscape remains unclear.
Materials and Methods
Data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) provides a pan-cancer overview of the RUNX genes. Hence, herein, we performed a pan-cancer analysis of abnormal RUNX expression and deciphered the potential regulatory mechanism. Specifically, we used TCGA multi-omics data combined with multiple online tools to analyze transcripts, genetic alterations, DNA methylation, clinical prognoses, miRNA networks, and potential target genes.
Results
RUNX genes are consistently overexpressed in esophageal, gastric, pancreatic, and pan-renal cancers. The total protein expression of RUNX1 in lung adenocarcinoma, kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC), and uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma (UCEC) is consistent with the mRNA expression results. Moreover, increased phosphorylation on the T14 and T18 residues of RUNX1 may represent potential pathogenic factors. The RUNX genes are significantly associated with survival in pan-renal cancer, brain lower-grade glioma, and uveal melanoma. Meanwhile, various mutations and posttranscriptional changes, including the RUNX1 D96 mutation in invasive breast carcinoma, the co-occurrence of RUNX gene mutations in UCEC, and methylation changes in the RUNX2 promoter in KIRC, may be associated with cancer development. Finally, analysis of epigenetic regulator co-expression, miRNA networks, and target genes revealed the carcinogenicity, abnormal expression, and direct regulation of RUNX genes.
Conclusions
We successfully analyzed the pan-cancer abnormal expression and prognostic value of RUNX genes, thereby providing potential biomarkers for various cancers. Further, mutations revealed via genetic alteration analysis may serve as a basis for personalized patient therapies.
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Zou Y, Zhao X, Li Y, Duan S. miR-552: an important post-transcriptional regulator that affects human cancer. J Cancer 2020; 11:6226-6233. [PMID: 33033505 PMCID: PMC7532495 DOI: 10.7150/jca.46613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
MiR-552 is a small non-coding RNA located on chromosome 1p34.3, and its expression level is significantly up-regulated in tissues or cells of various tumors. miR-552 can target multiple genes. These targeted genes play important regulatory roles in biological processes such as gene transcription and translation, cell cycle progression, cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell migration, and invasion. Besides, miR-552 may affect the efficacy of various anticancer drugs by targeting genes such as TP53 and RUNX3. This review summarizes the biological functions and clinical expressions of miR-552 in human cancer. Our goal is to explore the potential value of miR-552 in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Zou
- Medical Genetics Center, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Medical Genetics Center, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yin Li
- Medical Genetics Center, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shiwei Duan
- Medical Genetics Center, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
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Circulating methylated RUNX3 and SFRP1 genes as a noninvasive panel for early detection of colorectal cancer. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 31:1342-1349. [PMID: 31524773 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0000000000001532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to assess the methylation status of runt-related transcription factor 3 (RUNX3) and secreted frizzled-related protein 1 (SFRP1) genes in paired tissue and serum samples of colorectal cancer (CRC), adenomatous, and control subjects and elucidate the association between methylation status on RUNX3 and SFRP1 mRNA expression. METHODS Methylation status of RUNX3 and SFRP1 in paired tissue and serum samples and RUNX3 and SFRP1 mRNA expression in tissue from 85 patients with CRC, 40 with adenoma, and 40 healthy controls were determined using methylation-specific PCR and reverse transcription PCR. RESULTS The frequency RUNX3 and SFRP1 genes methylation was significantly higher in both tissues and serum of CRC patients and was significantly associated with absence of its corresponding mRNA expression. The concordance between tissue and serum methylation status was 94.4% for RUNX3 and 94.3% for SFRP1. Tissue RUNX3 methylation status detected CRC with 63.53% sensitivity and 80.00% specificity, while serum RUNX3 methylation status detected CRC with 60.00% sensitivity and 82.50% specificity. Tissue SFRP1 methylation status showed a sensitivity of 82.35% and specificity of 65.00%, while serum SFRP1 methylation status showed a sensitivity of 77.65% and specificity of 70.00% in detection of CRC. RUNX3/SFRP1/carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) panel identified CRC with sensitivity of 89.41% in tissue and 84.71% in serum. CONCLUSION Our results verified the reliability of using serum RUNX3 and SFRP1 methylation status as a noninvasive biomarker for diagnosis of CRC and that combined detection of RUNX3/SFRP1/CEA panel might be a promising strategy for early detection of CRC.
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Li G. Expression of RUNX3 gene and miR-363 in colorectal cancer and the relationship with clinicopathological features. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:2278-2285. [PMID: 31402934 PMCID: PMC6676743 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of RUNX3 gene and miR-363 in colorectal cancer was studied to explore its relationship with clinicopathological characteristics of colorectal cancer and to analyze the value of RUNX3 combined with miR-363 in the diagnosis of colorectal cancer. In total, 85 patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer in the First Peoples Hospital of Xiaoshan Hangzhou from March 2014 to July 2016 were the experiment group. Seventy healthy individuals who underwent physical examination were the control group. RT-qPCR was used to detect the expression levels of RUNX3 gene and miR-363 in peripheral blood of the two groups. The relationship between the expression of RUNX3 and miR-363 with its clinicopathological characteristics was analyzed as well. The expression of RUNX3 in the experiment group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). The expression level of miR-363 was significantly lower than in the control group (P<0.05). However, there was a correlation with tumor size, degree of differentiation, lymph node metastasis, depth of invasion and clinical stages (P<0.05). RUNX3 and miR-363 were significantly positively correlated with the degree of differentiation (r=0.7381, r=0.5375; P<0.05); RUNX3 and miR-363 were significantly negatively correlated with clinical stages (r=-0.7167, -0.6700; P<0.05). The area under the ROC curve of the combined test was larger than the single test. The expression of RUNX3 gene and miR-363 in peripheral blood of patients with colorectal cancer was lower than in the normal controls. The low expression of RUNX3 and miR-363 was closely related to various biological behaviors of colorectal cancer. A potential reference is provided for the evaluation of patients with colorectal cancer and expected to have an important guiding effect in the treatment of colorectal cancer. Moreover, combined test of RUNX3 and miR-363 has important significance in the diagnosis and treatment evaluation of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guofeng Li
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Xiaoshan Hangzhou, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311225, P.R. China
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Bouras E, Karakioulaki M, Bougioukas KI, Aivaliotis M, Tzimagiorgis G, Chourdakis M. Gene promoter methylation and cancer: An umbrella review. Gene 2019; 710:333-340. [PMID: 31202904 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Gene promoter methylation is a common epigenetic event, taking place in the early phase of tumorigenesis, which has a great potential as a diagnostic and prognostic cancer biomarker. In this umbrella review, we provide an overview on the association between gene-promoter methylation of protein-coding genes and cancer risk based on currently available meta-analyses data on gene promoter methylation. We searched MEDLINE via PubMed and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews for meta-analyses that examine the association between gene-promoter methylation and cancer, published until January 2019 in English. We used AMSTAR to assess the quality of the included studies and applied a set of pre-specified criteria to evaluate the magnitude of each association. We provide a comprehensive overview of 80 unique combinations between 22 different genes and 18 cancer outcomes, all of which indicated a positive association between promoter hypermethylation and cancer. In total, the 70 meta-analyses produced significant results under a random-effects model with odds ratios that ranged from 1.94 to 26.60, with the summary effect being in favor of the unmethylated group in all cases. Three of the strong evidence associations involve RASSF1 methylation on bladder cancer risk (OR = 18.46; 95% CI: 12.69-26.85; I2 = 0%), MGMT methylation on NSCLC (OR = 4.25; 95% CI: 2.83-6.38; I2 = 22.4%) and RARB methylation on prostate cancer (OR = 6.87; 95% CI: 4.68-10.08; I2 = 0%). Meta-analyses showed a moderate quality, AMSTAR score ranging from 4 to 9 (Mdn = 8; IQR: 7.0 to 8.0). As primary studies and meta-analyses on the subject accumulate, more genetic loci may be found to be highly associated with specific cancer types and hence the biomarker sets will become wider.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanouil Bouras
- Laboratory of Hygiene, Social & Preventive Medicine and Medical Statistics, Department of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Meropi Karakioulaki
- Laboratory of Hygiene, Social & Preventive Medicine and Medical Statistics, Department of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantinos I Bougioukas
- Laboratory of Hygiene, Social & Preventive Medicine and Medical Statistics, Department of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Michalis Aivaliotis
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece; Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Greece; Functional Proteomics and Systems Biology (FunPATh), Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balkan Center, Thessaloniki, Greece; Genomics and Epigenomics Translational Research (GENeTres), Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balkan Center, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgios Tzimagiorgis
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece; Functional Proteomics and Systems Biology (FunPATh), Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balkan Center, Thessaloniki, Greece; Genomics and Epigenomics Translational Research (GENeTres), Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balkan Center, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Michael Chourdakis
- Laboratory of Hygiene, Social & Preventive Medicine and Medical Statistics, Department of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece.
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Bai X, Han G, Liu Y, Jiang H, He Q. MiRNA-20a-5p promotes the growth of triple-negative breast cancer cells through targeting RUNX3. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 103:1482-1489. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.04.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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Wang S, Huang Y, Mu X, Qi T, Qiao S, Lu Z, Li H. DNA methylation is a common molecular alteration in colorectal cancer cells and culture method has no influence on DNA methylation. Exp Ther Med 2018; 15:3173-3180. [PMID: 29545832 PMCID: PMC5841015 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.5809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to explore whether culture method had an influence on DNA methylation in colorectal cancer (CRC). In the present study, CRC cells were cultured in two-dimensional (2D), three-dimensional (3D) and mouse orthotopic transplantation (Tis) cultures. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used for global visualization of the three samples. A Venn diagram was applied for intersection and union analysis for different comparisons. The methylation condition of 5′-C-phosphate-G-3′ (CpG) location was determined using unsupervised clustering analysis. Scatter plots and histograms of the mean β values between 3D vs. 2D, 3D vs. Tis and Tis vs. 2D were constructed. In order to explore the biological function of the genes, gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses were utilized. To explore the influence of culture condition on genes, quantitative methylation specific polymerase chain reaction (QMSP) was performed. The three samples connected with each other closely, as demonstrated by PCA. Venn diagram analysis indicated that some differential methylation positions were commonly shared in the three groups of samples and 16 CpG positions appeared hypermethylated in the three samples. The methylation patterns between the 3D and 2D cultures were more similar than those of 3D and Tis, and Tis and 2D. Results of gene ontology demonstrated that differentially expressed genes were involved in molecular function, cellular components and biological function. KEGG analysis indicated that genes were enriched in 13 pathways, of which four pathways were the most evident. These pathways were pathways in cancer, mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling, axon guidance and insulin signaling. Furthermore, QMSP demonstrated that methylation of mutL homolog, phosphatase and tensin homolog, runt-related transcription factor, Ras association family member, cadherin-1, O-6-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase and P16 genes had no obvious difference in 2D, 3D and Tis culture conditions. In conclusion, the culture method had no influence on DNA methylation in CRC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibao Wang
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Yinghui Huang
- Science Research Center, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Xupeng Mu
- Science Research Center, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Tianyang Qi
- Science Research Center, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Sha Qiao
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Zhenxia Lu
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Hongjun Li
- Physical Examination Center, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
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Shin EJ, Kim HJ, Son MW, Ahn TS, Lee HY, Lim DR, Bae SB, Jeon S, Kim H, Jeong D, Lee MS, Kim DS, Noh JS, Baek MJ. Epigenetic inactivation of RUNX3 in colorectal cancer. Ann Surg Treat Res 2018; 94:19-25. [PMID: 29333422 PMCID: PMC5765274 DOI: 10.4174/astr.2018.94.1.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Emerging evidence indicates that runt-related transcription factor 3 (RUNX3) is an important tumor suppressor gene in several cancer types, including colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the clinical significance of RUNX3 inactivation in CRC remains unclear. The aim of this study was to examine the correlation between clinicopathologic factors and RUNX3 hypermethylation/expression in CRC. METHODS Sixty-two CRC patients who were treated at the Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine were recruited in this study. The hypermethylation of CpG islands in the RUNX3 promoter and the expression of RUNX3 mRNA were identified by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and reverse transcriptase-PCR, respectively. The expression of RUNX3 was determined by immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS Of the 62 CRC tissue samples, 20 (32.3%) presented hypermethylated RUNX3 promoters. Aberrant RUNX3 hypermethylation was found to be associated with vascular (P = 0.006) and lymphatic (P = 0.002) invasion. Hypermethylation of RUNX3 was associated with poor survival outcomes (P = 0.038). However, expression of RUNX3 was not a prognostic factor (P = 0.363). CONCLUSION Hypermethylation of RUNX3 may be a predictor of a poor prognosis in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eung Jin Shin
- Department of Surgery, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Han Jo Kim
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Myoung Won Son
- Department of Surgery, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Tae Sung Ahn
- Department of Surgery, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Hyun Yong Lee
- Department of Surgery, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Dae Ro Lim
- Department of Surgery, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Sang Byung Bae
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Seob Jeon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Hyungjoo Kim
- Medical Science Research Institute, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Dongjun Jeong
- Medical Science Research Institute, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Moon Soo Lee
- Department of Surgery, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Dong-Sun Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jeong Se Noh
- Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Moo-Jun Baek
- Department of Surgery, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
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Colorectal Cancer Blood-Based Biomarkers. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2017; 2017:2195361. [PMID: 29147109 PMCID: PMC5632863 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2195361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mortality and morbidity associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) are increasing globally, partly due to lack of early detection of the disease. The screening is usually performed with colonoscopy, which is invasive and unpleasant, discouraging participation in the screening. As a source of noninvasive and easily accessible biomarkers, liquid biopsies are emerging. Blood-based biomarkers have the potential as diagnostic and prognostic tool in CRC. Early stage detection of CRC with high sensitivity and specificity would likely lead to higher participation in the screening test. It would also improve the prognosis of the disease and improve the recurrence risk. In this review, we summarize the potential biomarkers for early detection and monitoring of CRC.
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Li H, Li D, Meng N. Effects of RUNX3 mediated Notch signaling pathway on biological characteristics of colorectal cancer cells. Int J Oncol 2017; 50:2059-2068. [PMID: 28498402 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.3988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of runt-related transcription factor 3 (RUNX3) mediated Notch pathway on the biological behavior of colorectal cancer (CRC) SW260 cells. CRC tissues and para-carcinoma tissues were collected from 182 CRC patients who had undergone surgical treatment between January 2008 and December 2010. Immunohistochemical staining with streptavidin-peroxidase (SP) was used to detect RUNX3, Notch1 and Jagged 1 expression levels. CRC SW260 cells were divided into the following groups: Control group, si-NC group, si-RUNX3 group, DAPT group, si-RUNX3+DAPT group, and si-NC+DAPT group. Expression levels of RUNX3, and Notch signaling related genes were measured by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blotting in vitro. Besides, MTT, soft agar colony formation, Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining and Transwell were performed to analyze the effects of RUNX3 on cell growth and metastasis. Lower positive expression rate of RUNX3 and higher positive expression rate of Notch1 and Jagged 1 were observed in CRC tissues than those in normal adjacent tissues with a negative correlation, and the expression levels were associated with the differentiation degree, TNM staging, lymph node metastasis and tumor invasion depth (all P<0.05). RUNX3 expression was reduced in si-RUNX3 and si-RUNX3+DAPT group but the expression levels of Notch signaling related genes were markedly increased in si-RUNX3 group or decreased in DAPT and si-NC+DAPT group, as compared with those in the control group (all P<0.05). In addition, the proliferation, colony formation, migration and invasion abilities of SW260 cells were enhanced in si-RUNX3 group but were restricted in DAPT and si-NC+DAPT group, which was contrary to cell apoptosis (all P<0.05). RUNX3 contributes to attenuate the proliferation and metastasis of CRC cells, and promotes cell apoptosis through inhibition of Notch signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, P.R. China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, P.R. China
| | - Ning Meng
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, P.R. China
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LRG1 promotes proliferation and inhibits apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells via RUNX1 activation. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175122. [PMID: 28376129 PMCID: PMC5380360 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Leucine-rich-alpha-2-glycoprotein 1 (LRG1) has been shown to be involved in various human malignancies. Whether it plays a role in colorectal cancer (CRC) development remains unclear. Here, we investigated whether and through what mechanism LRG1 functions in human CRC cells. The plasma level of LRG1 was significantly increased in CRC patients, but it was remarkably decreased in patients with resected colorectal cancers. Meanwhile, both mRNA and protein levels of LRG1 were remarkable overexpressed in CRC tissues than normal tissues. The knockdown of LRG1 significantly inhibited cell proliferation, induced cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase, and promoted apoptosis in SW480 and HCT116 cells in vitro. In addition, LRG1 silencing led to the downregulation of the levels of key cell cycle factors, such as cyclin D1, B, and E and anti-apoptotic B-cell lymphoma-2(Bcl-2). However, it up-regulated the expression of pro-apoptotic Bax and cleaved caspase-3. Furthermore, RUNX1 could be induced by LRG1 in a concentration-dependent manner, while the knockdown of RUNX1 blocked the promotion of the proliferation and inhibition of apoptosis induced by LRG1. Collectively, these findings indicate that LRG1 plays a crucial role in the proliferation and apoptosis of CRC by regulating RUNX1 expression. Thus, LRG1 may be a potential detection biomarker as well as a marker for monitoring recurrence and therapeutic target for CRC.
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Kim BR, Kang MH, Kim JL, Na YJ, Park SH, Lee SI, Kang S, Joung SY, Lee SY, Lee DH, Min BW, Oh SC. RUNX3 inhibits the metastasis and angiogenesis of colorectal cancer. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:2601-2608. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.5086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Song XY, Li BY, Zhou EX, Wu FX. The clinicopathological significance of RUNX3 hypermethylation and mRNA expression in human breast cancer, a meta-analysis. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:5339-47. [PMID: 27616890 PMCID: PMC5008647 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s77828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant promoter methylation of RUNX3 has been reported in several tumors including human breast cancer (BC). However, the association between RUNX3 hypermethylation and incidence of BC remains elusive. In this study, a detailed literature search was performed in Medline and Google Scholar for related research publications. Analysis of pooled data were executed. Odds ratios with corresponding confidence intervals were determined and summarized, respectively. Finally, 13 studies were identified for the meta-analysis. Analysis of the pooled data showed that RUNX3 hypermethylation was significantly higher in both ductal carcinoma in situ and invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) than in normal breast tissues. In addition, RUNX3 methylation was significantly higher in IDC than in benign tumor. However, RUNX3 methylation was not significantly higher in IDC than in ductal carcinoma in situ. We also determined that RUNX3 hypermethylation was significantly higher in ER positive BC than in ER negative BC. In addition, high RUNX3 mRNA expression was found to be correlated with better overall survival and relapse-free survival for all BC patients. Our results strongly support that RUNX3 hypermethylation may play an important role in BC incidence. RUNX3 methylation is a valuable early biomarker for the diagnosis of BC. Further large-scale studies will provide more insight into the role of RUNX3 hypermethylation in the carcinogenesis and clinical diagnosis of BC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yun Song
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo-Yan Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, Inner Mongolia Forestry General Hospital, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - En-Xiang Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng-Xia Wu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Yörüker EE, Holdenrieder S, Gezer U. Blood-based biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of colorectal cancer. Clin Chim Acta 2016; 455:26-32. [PMID: 26797671 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2016.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The global burden of colorectal cancer (CRC)-associated morbidity and mortality is increasing, in part due to a lack of early detection. Direct structural examination techniques, such as colonoscopy, are invasive and can therefore affect the willingness of patients to participate in screening. Recently, the use of "liquid biopsy" has gained considerable attention as a novel source of biomarkers. Blood-based biomarkers could prove to be practical tools for CRC detection, as the monitoring of biomarkers in biological fluids offers many advantages, including minimal invasiveness and easy accessibility. Biomarkers with high specificity and sensitivity can enable the detection of CRC at an early stage, thereby improving prognosis, prediction of treatment response, and recurrence risk. In this review, we summarize that the biomarkers currently thought to have potential for the early detection and monitoring of CRC, including circulating tumor cells, DNA, RNA and proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebru E Yörüker
- Department of Basic Oncology, Oncology Institute, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Stefan Holdenrieder
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ugur Gezer
- Department of Basic Oncology, Oncology Institute, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Wu F, Jordan A, Kluz T, Shen S, Sun H, Cartularo LA, Costa M. SATB2 expression increased anchorage-independent growth and cell migration in human bronchial epithelial cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2016; 293:30-6. [PMID: 26780400 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The special AT-rich sequence-binding protein 2 (SATB2) is a protein that binds to the nuclear matrix attachment region of the cell and regulates gene expression by altering chromatin structure. In our previous study, we reported that SATB2 gene expression was induced in human bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells transformed by arsenic, chromium, nickel and vanadium. In this study, we show that ectopic expression of SATB2 in the normal human bronchial epithelial cell-line BEAS-2B increased anchorage-independent growth and cell migration, meanwhile, shRNA-mediated knockdown of SATB2 significantly decreased anchorage-independent growth in Ni transformed BEAS-2B cells. RNA sequencing analyses of SATB2 regulated genes revealed the enrichment of those involved in cytoskeleton, cell adhesion and cell-movement pathways. Our evidence supports the hypothesis that SATB2 plays an important role in BEAS-2B cell transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wu
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 57 Old Forge Road, Tuxedo, NY 10987, USA
| | - Ashley Jordan
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 57 Old Forge Road, Tuxedo, NY 10987, USA
| | - Thomas Kluz
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 57 Old Forge Road, Tuxedo, NY 10987, USA
| | - Steven Shen
- Center for Health Informatics and Bioinformatics, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Hong Sun
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 57 Old Forge Road, Tuxedo, NY 10987, USA
| | - Laura A Cartularo
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 57 Old Forge Road, Tuxedo, NY 10987, USA
| | - Max Costa
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 57 Old Forge Road, Tuxedo, NY 10987, USA.
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Häfner N, Steinbach D, Jansen L, Diebolder H, Dürst M, Runnebaum IB. RUNX3 and CAMK2N1 hypermethylation as prognostic marker for epithelial ovarian cancer. Int J Cancer 2015; 138:217-28. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Norman Häfner
- Department of Gynecology; Jena University Hospital-Friedrich Schiller University; Jena Germany
| | - Daniel Steinbach
- Department of Gynecology; Jena University Hospital-Friedrich Schiller University; Jena Germany
| | - Lars Jansen
- Department of Gynecology; Jena University Hospital-Friedrich Schiller University; Jena Germany
| | - Herbert Diebolder
- Department of Gynecology; Jena University Hospital-Friedrich Schiller University; Jena Germany
| | - Matthias Dürst
- Department of Gynecology; Jena University Hospital-Friedrich Schiller University; Jena Germany
| | - Ingo B. Runnebaum
- Department of Gynecology; Jena University Hospital-Friedrich Schiller University; Jena Germany
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Yu YY, Chen C, Kong FF, Zhang W. Clinicopathological significance and potential drug target of RUNX3 in breast cancer. Drug Des Devel Ther 2014; 8:2423-30. [PMID: 25525332 PMCID: PMC4266273 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s71815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous reports indicate that RUNX3 is a tumor suppressor in several types of human tumors, including breast cancer (BC). However, the correlation between RUNX3 hypermethylation and the incidence of BC remains unclear. In this study, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis aiming to comprehensively assess the potential role of RUNX3 hypermethylation in the pathogenesis of BC. METHODS A detailed literature search was made to identify studies for related research publications. Methodological quality of the studies was evaluated. Analysis of pooled data was performed. Odds ratio (OR) was calculated and summarized respectively. RESULTS Final analysis of 565 BC patients from eleven eligible studies was performed. The results showed that RUNX3 hypermethylation was significantly higher in BC than in normal breast tissue, the pooled OR from nine studies including 339 BC and 248 normal breast tissue (OR =24.12, 95% confidence interval [CI] =13.50-43.11, Z=10.75, P<0.00001). Further analysis also showed significantly increased OR of RUNX3 hypermethylation in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive than in ER-negative BC patients (OR =5.67, 95% CI =2.69-11.95, Z=4.57, P<0.00001). In addition, RUNX3 messenger RNA (mRNA) high expression was found to be correlated to better overall survival in 3,455 cases of BC patients that were followed up for 20 years (hazard ratio [HR] 0.79, P=8.8×10(-5)). Interestingly, RUNX3 mRNA overexpression was found to be correlated to better overall survival in only 668 cases of ER-negative patients (HR 0.72, P=0.01), but not in 1,767 cases of ER-positive patients (HR 0.87, P=0.13). CONCLUSION The results of this meta-analysis suggest that RUNX3 hypermethylation may be implicated in the pathogenesis of BC. Detection of RUNX3 mRNA may be a helpful and valuable biomarker for diagnosis of BC, especially in ER-negative BC. We also discussed the significance of RUNX3 as a potential drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ying Yu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chao Chen
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital Affiliated to TongJi University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fan-fei Kong
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital Affiliated to TongJi University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Wei Zhang, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, 413 Zhaozhou Road, Shanghai 200011, People’s Republic of China, Email
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