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Torshizi Esfahani A, Mohammadpour S, Jalali P, Yaghoobi A, Karimpour R, Torkamani S, Pardakhtchi A, Salehi Z, Nazemalhosseini-Mojarad E. Differential expression of angiogenesis-related genes 'VEGF' and 'angiopoietin-1' in metastatic and EMAST-positive colorectal cancer patients. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10539. [PMID: 38719941 PMCID: PMC11079037 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61000-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Abnormal angiogenesis leads to tumor progression and metastasis in colorectal cancer (CRC). This study aimed to elucidate the association between angiogenesis-related genes, including VEGF-A, ANGPT-1, and ANGPT-2 with both metastatic and microsatellite alterations at selected tetranucleotide repeats (EMAST) subtypes of CRC. We conducted a thorough assessment of the ANGPT-1, ANGPT-2, and VEGF-A gene expression utilizing publicly available RNA sequencing and microarray datasets. Then, the experimental validation was performed in 122 CRC patients, considering their disease metastasis and EMAST+/- profile by using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Subsequently, a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network associated with these angiogenesis-related genes was constructed and analyzed. The expression level of VEGF-A and ANGPT-2 genes were significantly higher in tumor tissues as compared with normal adjacent tissues (P-value < 0.001). Nevertheless, ANGPT-1 had a significantly lower expression in tumor samples than in normal colon tissue (P-value < 0.01). We identified a significantly increased VEGF-A (P-value = 0.002) and decreased ANGPT-1 (P-value = 0.04) expression in EMAST+ colorectal tumors. Regarding metastasis, a significantly increased VEGF-A and ANGPT-2 expression (P-value = 0.001) and decreased ANGPT-1 expression (P-value < 0.05) were established in metastatic CRC patients. Remarkably, co-expression analysis also showed a strong correlation between ANGPT-2 and VEGF-A gene expressions. The ceRNA network was constructed by ANGPT-1, ANGPT-2, VEGF-A, and experimentally validated miRNAs (hsa-miR-190a-3p, hsa-miR-374c-5p, hsa-miR-452-5p, and hsa-miR-889-3p), lncRNAs (AFAP1-AS1, KCNQ1OT1 and MALAT1), and TFs (Sp1, E2F1, and STAT3). Network analysis revealed that colorectal cancer is amongst the 82 significant pathways. We demonstrated a significant differential expression of VEGF-A and ANGPT-1 in colorectal cancer patients exhibiting the EMAST+ phenotype. This finding provides novel insights into the molecular pathogenesis of colorectal cancer, specifically in EMAST subtypes. Yet, the generalization of in silico findings to EMAST+ colorectal cancer warrants future experimental investigations. In the end, this study proposes that the EMAST biomarker could serve as an additional perspective on CMS4 biology which is well-defined by activated angiogenesis and worse overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Torshizi Esfahani
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Mohammadpour
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pooya Jalali
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Yaghoobi
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Raana Karimpour
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soha Torkamani
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Pardakhtchi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Salehi
- Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Research Institute for Oncology, Hematology and Cell Therapy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ehsan Nazemalhosseini-Mojarad
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.
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2
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Mehrotra M, Phadte P, Shenoy P, Chakraborty S, Gupta S, Ray P. Drug-Resistant Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: Current and Future Perspectives. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1452:65-96. [PMID: 38805125 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-58311-7_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is a complex disease with diverse histological subtypes, which, based on the aggressiveness and course of disease progression, have recently been broadly grouped into type I (low-grade serous, endometrioid, clear cell, and mucinous) and type II (high-grade serous, high-grade endometrioid, and undifferentiated carcinomas) categories. Despite substantial differences in pathogenesis, genetics, prognosis, and treatment response, clinical diagnosis and management of EOC remain similar across the subtypes. Debulking surgery combined with platinum-taxol-based chemotherapy serves as the initial treatment for High Grade Serous Ovarian Carcinoma (HGSOC), the most prevalent one, and for other subtypes, but most patients exhibit intrinsic or acquired resistance and recur in short duration. Targeted therapies, such as anti-angiogenics (e.g., bevacizumab) and PARP inhibitors (for BRCA-mutated cancers), offer some success, but therapy resistance, through various mechanisms, poses a significant challenge. This comprehensive chapter delves into emerging strategies to address these challenges, highlighting factors like aberrant miRNAs, metabolism, apoptosis evasion, cancer stem cells, and autophagy, which play pivotal roles in mediating resistance and disease relapse in EOC. Beyond standard treatments, the focus of this study extends to alternate targeted agents, including immunotherapies like checkpoint inhibitors, CAR T cells, and vaccines, as well as inhibitors targeting key oncogenic pathways in EOC. Additionally, this chapter covers disease classification, diagnosis, resistance pathways, standard treatments, and clinical data on various emerging approaches, and advocates for a nuanced and personalized approach tailored to individual subtypes and resistance mechanisms, aiming to enhance therapeutic outcomes across the spectrum of EOC subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megha Mehrotra
- Imaging Cell Signalling & Therapeutics Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer-Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Pratham Phadte
- Imaging Cell Signalling & Therapeutics Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer-Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Priti Shenoy
- Imaging Cell Signalling & Therapeutics Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer-Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Sourav Chakraborty
- Imaging Cell Signalling & Therapeutics Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer-Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Sudeep Gupta
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Pritha Ray
- Imaging Cell Signalling & Therapeutics Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer-Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India.
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India.
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3
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Ma S, Pradeep S, Hu W, Zhang D, Coleman R, Sood A. The role of tumor microenvironment in resistance to anti-angiogenic therapy. F1000Res 2018; 7:326. [PMID: 29560266 PMCID: PMC5854986 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.11771.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-angiogenic therapy has been demonstrated to increase progression-free survival in patients with many different solid cancers. Unfortunately, the benefit in overall survival is modest and the rapid emergence of drug resistance is a significant clinical problem. Over the last decade, several mechanisms have been identified to decipher the emergence of resistance. There is a multitude of changes within the tumor microenvironment (TME) in response to anti-angiogenic therapy that offers new therapeutic opportunities. In this review, we compile results from contemporary studies related to adaptive changes in the TME in the development of resistance to anti-angiogenic therapy. These include preclinical models of emerging resistance, dynamic changes in hypoxia signaling and stromal cells during treatment, and novel strategies to overcome resistance by targeting the TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaolin Ma
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Reproductive Medicine Research Center, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong province, China
| | - Sunila Pradeep
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dikai Zhang
- Reproductive Medicine Research Center, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong province, China
| | - Robert Coleman
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anil Sood
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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4
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Al-Abd AM, Alamoudi AJ, Abdel-Naim AB, Neamatallah TA, Ashour OM. Anti-angiogenic agents for the treatment of solid tumors: Potential pathways, therapy and current strategies - A review. J Adv Res 2017; 8:591-605. [PMID: 28808589 PMCID: PMC5544473 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2017.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent strategies for the treatment of cancer, other than just tumor cell killing have been under intensive development, such as anti-angiogenic therapeutic approach. Angiogenesis inhibition is an important strategy for the treatment of solid tumors, which basically depends on cutting off the blood supply to tumor micro-regions, resulting in pan-hypoxia and pan-necrosis within solid tumor tissues. The differential activation of angiogenesis between normal and tumor tissues makes this process an attractive strategic target for anti-tumor drug discovery. The principles of anti-angiogenic treatment for solid tumors were originally proposed in 1972, and ever since, it has become a putative target for therapies directed against solid tumors. In the early twenty first century, the FDA approved anti-angiogenic drugs, such as bevacizumab and sorafenib for the treatment of several solid tumors. Over the past two decades, researches have continued to improve the performance of anti-angiogenic drugs, describe their drug interaction potential, and uncover possible reasons for potential treatment resistance. Herein, we present an update to the pre-clinical and clinical situations of anti-angiogenic agents and discuss the most recent trends in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Al-Abd
- Pharmacology Department, Medical Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Biomedical Research Section, Nawah Scientific, Mokkatam, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abdulmohsin J Alamoudi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashraf B Abdel-Naim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Thikryat A Neamatallah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama M Ashour
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, El-Minia 61519, Egypt
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5
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Quail DF, Joyce JA. Molecular Pathways: Deciphering Mechanisms of Resistance to Macrophage-Targeted Therapies. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 23:876-884. [PMID: 27895033 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-0133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are a major cellular component of numerous tumor types. TAM-targeted therapies include depletion strategies, inhibiting their effector functions or reprogramming toward an antitumorigenic phenotype, with varying degrees of efficacy. Here, we review preclinical and clinical strategies to target macrophages in cancer and discuss potential explanations for why some strategies are effective while other approaches have shown limited success. Clin Cancer Res; 23(4); 876-84. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela F Quail
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Goodman Cancer Research Centre, Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Johanna A Joyce
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. .,Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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6
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Scholz A, Harter PN, Cremer S, Yalcin BH, Gurnik S, Yamaji M, Di Tacchio M, Sommer K, Baumgarten P, Bähr O, Steinbach JP, Trojan J, Glas M, Herrlinger U, Krex D, Meinhardt M, Weyerbrock A, Timmer M, Goldbrunner R, Deckert M, Braun C, Schittenhelm J, Frueh JT, Ullrich E, Mittelbronn M, Plate KH, Reiss Y. Endothelial cell-derived angiopoietin-2 is a therapeutic target in treatment-naive and bevacizumab-resistant glioblastoma. EMBO Mol Med 2016; 8:39-57. [PMID: 26666269 PMCID: PMC4718155 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201505505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is treated by surgical resection followed by radiochemotherapy. Bevacizumab is commonly deployed for anti‐angiogenic therapy of recurrent GBM; however, innate immune cells have been identified as instigators of resistance to bevacizumab treatment. We identified angiopoietin‐2 (Ang‐2) as a potential target in both naive and bevacizumab‐treated glioblastoma. Ang‐2 expression was absent in normal human brain endothelium, while the highest Ang‐2 levels were observed in bevacizumab‐treated GBM. In a murine GBM model, VEGF blockade resulted in endothelial upregulation of Ang‐2, whereas the combined inhibition of VEGF and Ang‐2 leads to extended survival, decreased vascular permeability, depletion of tumor‐associated macrophages, improved pericyte coverage, and increased numbers of intratumoral T lymphocytes. CD206+ (M2‐like) macrophages were identified as potential novel targets following anti‐angiogenic therapy. Our findings imply a novel role for endothelial cells in therapy resistance and identify endothelial cell/myeloid cell crosstalk mediated by Ang‐2 as a potential resistance mechanism. Therefore, combining VEGF blockade with inhibition of Ang‐2 may potentially overcome resistance to bevacizumab therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Scholz
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), Goethe University Medical School, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Patrick N Harter
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), Goethe University Medical School, Frankfurt, Germany German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sebastian Cremer
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), Goethe University Medical School, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Burak H Yalcin
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), Goethe University Medical School, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Stefanie Gurnik
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), Goethe University Medical School, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Maiko Yamaji
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), Goethe University Medical School, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Mariangela Di Tacchio
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), Goethe University Medical School, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Kathleen Sommer
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), Goethe University Medical School, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Peter Baumgarten
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), Goethe University Medical School, Frankfurt, Germany Department of Neurosurgery, Goethe University Medical School, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Oliver Bähr
- Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, Goethe University Medical School, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Joachim P Steinbach
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt, Germany Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, Goethe University Medical School, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jörg Trojan
- Medical Clinic I, Goethe University Medical School, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Martin Glas
- Klinische Kooperationseinheit Neuroonkologie, Robert Janker Klinik, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Dietmar Krex
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurochirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Matthias Meinhardt
- Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Astrid Weyerbrock
- Klinik für Neurochirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marco Timmer
- Zentrum für Neurochirurgie, Uniklinik Köln, Köln, Germany
| | | | | | - Christian Braun
- Zentrum für Neuroonkologie, Universitätsklinik Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jens Schittenhelm
- Abteilung Neuropathologie, Universitätsklinik Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jochen T Frueh
- LOEWE Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Goethe University Medical School, Frankfurt, Germany Pediatric Hematology & Oncology, Children's Hospital, Goethe University Medical School, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Evelyn Ullrich
- LOEWE Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Goethe University Medical School, Frankfurt, Germany Pediatric Hematology & Oncology, Children's Hospital, Goethe University Medical School, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Michel Mittelbronn
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), Goethe University Medical School, Frankfurt, Germany German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Karl H Plate
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), Goethe University Medical School, Frankfurt, Germany German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Yvonne Reiss
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), Goethe University Medical School, Frankfurt, Germany German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt, Germany
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7
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Yu X, Sha J, Xiang S, Qin S, Conrad P, Ghosh SK, Weinberg A, Ye F. Suppression of KSHV-induced angiopoietin-2 inhibits angiogenesis, infiltration of inflammatory cells, and tumor growth. Cell Cycle 2016; 15:2053-65. [PMID: 27294705 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2016.1196303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is a highly angiogenic and inflammatory neoplasia. The angiogenic and inflammatory cytokine angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) is strongly expressed in KS due to Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) infection. In the present study, we determined how Ang-2 contributes to development of KS by using telomerase-immortalized human umbilical vein endothelial cells (TIVE) as a model, which become malignantly transformed and express increased levels of Ang-2 following KSHV infection. Ang-2 released from TIVE-KSHV cells induces tyrosine phosphorylation of Tie-2 receptor from both human and mouse endothelial cells and promotes angiogenesis in nude mice. Functional inhibition or expressional "knock-down" of Ang-2 in these cells blocks angiogenesis and inhibits tumor growth. Ang-2 suppression also reduces the numbers of infiltrating monocytes/macrophages in tumors. In transwell-based cell migration assays, Ang-2 indeed enhances migration of human monocytes in a dose-dependent manner. These results underscore a pivotal role of KSHV-induced Ang-2 in KS tumor development by promoting both angiogenesis and inflammation. Our data also suggest that selective drug targeting of Ang-2 may be used for treatment of KS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Yu
- a Department of Biological Sciences , School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland , OH , USA.,b Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-resources, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University , Wuhan , Hubei , China
| | - Jingfeng Sha
- a Department of Biological Sciences , School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland , OH , USA
| | - Shao Xiang
- a Department of Biological Sciences , School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland , OH , USA
| | - Sanhai Qin
- a Department of Biological Sciences , School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland , OH , USA
| | - Patricia Conrad
- c Department of Genetics , School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland , OH , USA
| | - Santosh K Ghosh
- a Department of Biological Sciences , School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland , OH , USA
| | - Aaron Weinberg
- a Department of Biological Sciences , School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland , OH , USA
| | - Fengchun Ye
- a Department of Biological Sciences , School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland , OH , USA
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8
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Redman JM, Hill EM, AlDeghaither D, Weiner LM. Mechanisms of action of therapeutic antibodies for cancer. Mol Immunol 2015; 67:28-45. [PMID: 25911943 PMCID: PMC4529810 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2015] [Revised: 03/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The therapeutic utility of antibodies and their derivatives is achieved by various means. The FDA has approved several targeted antibodies that disrupt signaling of various growth factor receptors for the treatment of a number of cancers. Rituximab, and other anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies are active in B cell malignancies. As more experience has been gained with anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies, the multifactorial nature of their anti-tumor mechanisms has emerged. Other targeted antibodies function to dampen inhibitory checkpoints. These checkpoint inhibitors have recently achieved dramatic results in several cancers, including melanoma. These and related antibodies continue to be investigated in the clinical and pre-clinical settings. Novel antibody structures that target two or more antigens have also made their way into clinical use. Tumor targeted antibodies can also be conjugated to chemo- or radiotherapeutic agents, or catalytic toxins, as a means to deliver toxic payloads to cancer cells. Here we provide a review of these mechanisms and a discussion of their relevance to current and future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Redman
- Departments of Oncology and Internal Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center and Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC, United States
| | - E M Hill
- Departments of Oncology and Internal Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center and Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC, United States
| | - D AlDeghaither
- Departments of Oncology and Internal Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center and Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC, United States
| | - L M Weiner
- Departments of Oncology and Internal Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center and Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC, United States.
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