-148 C/T polymorphism of Axin2 contributes to a decreased risk of cancer: evidence from a meta-analysis

Prevalence of KRAS, PIK3CA, BRAF and AXIN2 gene mutations in colorectal cancer and its relationship with dental agenesis: a systematic review

Introduction: The study of allelic and genotypic frequencies contributes to determining the distribution of genetic variants in different populations and their possible association with biomarkers. This knowledge could improve the decision-making process regarding the management of some diseases such as colorectal cancer (CRC), in which the detection of clinical biomarkers such as dental agenesis could be crucial in clinical practice. Objective: To evaluate the available scientific evidence on the prevalence of KRAS, PIK3CA, BRAF and AXIN2 mutations and their possible association with dental agenesis in people with CRC. Materials and methods: A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library databases using the following search strategy: type of studies: observational studies reporting the prevalence of KRAS, PIK3CA, BRAF and AXIN2 mutations in people diagnosed with CRC and their possible association with dental agenesis; publication language: English and Spanish; publication period: 2010-2020; search terms: “Genes”, “RAS”, “Kras”, “PIK3CA”, “BRAF”, “AXIN2”, “Mutation”, “Polymorphism”, “Colorectal Neoplasms”, “Colorectal Cancer”, used in different combinations (“AND” and “OR”).   Results: The initial search yielded 403 records, but only 30 studies met the eligibility criteria. Of these, 11, 5, 5 and 1 only reported the prevalence of PIK3CA, KRAS, BRAF and AXIN2 mutations, respectively; while 8 reported the prevalence of more than one of these mutations in patients with CRC. The prevalence of KRAS (p.Gly12Asp), PIK3CA (p.Glu545Lys), and BRAF (p.Val600Glu) mutations ranged from 20.5% to 54%, 3.5% to 20.2%, and 2.5% to 12.1%, respectively. There were no findings regarding the association between the occurrence of these mutations and dental agenesis.   Conclusions: KRAS mutations were the most prevalent; however, there is no evidence on the association between dental agenesis and the occurrence of KRAS, PIK3CA and BRAF germline mutations in individuals with CRC.

New insights of the correlation between AXIN2 polymorphism and cancer risk and susceptibility: evidence from 72 studies

Background

Numerous studies have reported the correlation between AXIN2 polymorphism and cancer risk, but the results seem not consistent. In order to get an overall, accurate and updated results about AXIN2 polymorphism and cancer risk, we conducted this study.

Methods

An updated analysis was performed to analyze the correlation between AXIN2 polymorphisms and cancer risk. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) analysis was also used to show the associations.

Results

Seventy-two case-control studies were involved in the study, including 22,087 cases and 18,846 controls. The overall results showed rs11079571 had significant association with cancer risk (allele contrast model: OR = 0.539, 95%CI = 0.478–0.609, PAdjust = 0.025; homozygote model: OR = 0.22, 95% CI = 0.164–0.295, PAdjust< 0.001; heterozygote model: OR = 0.292, 95% CI = 0.216–0.394, PAdjust< 0.001; dominant model: OR = 0.249, 95% CI = 0.189–0.33, PAdjust< 0.001). The same results were obtained with rs1133683 in homozygote and recessive models (PAdjust< 0.05), and in rs35285779 in heterozygote and dominant models (PAdjust< 0.05). LD analysis revealed significant correlation between rs7210356 and rs9915936 in the populations of CEU, CHB&CHS, ESN and JPT (CEU: r² = 0.91; CHB&CHS: r² = 0.74; ESN: r² = 0.62, JPT: r² = 0.57), and a significant correlation between rs9915936 and rs7224837 in the populations of CHB&CHS, ESN and JPT (r²>0.5), between rs7224837 and rs7210356 in the populations of CEU, CHB&CHS, JPT (r²>0.5), between rs35435678 and rs35285779 in the populations of CEU, CHB&CHS and JPT (r²>0.5).

Conclusions

AXIN2 rs11079571, rs1133683 and rs35285779 polymorphisms have significant correlations with overall cancer risk. What’s more, two or more polymorphisms such as rs7210356 and rs9915936, rs9915936 and rs7224837, rs7224837 and rs7210356, rs35435678 and rs35285779 have significant correlation with cancer susceptibility in different populations.

Supplementary Information

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-021-08092-0.

Variations in AXIN2 predict risk and prognosis of colorectal cancer

Objective

Colorectal cancer (CRC) and hypodontia are frequent and different diseases with common genes are involved in their etiology. The objective of this study was to identify the association between AXIN2 rs2240308 with hypodontia and CRC.

Patients and methods

This study consisted of 50 individuals with hypodontia, 50 individuals with CRC, and 155 healthy individuals from Colombia. SNP genotyping assays of rs2240308 were performed and family history of cancer in individuals with hypodontia was documented. In silico analysis was implemented to define the genomic profile of the AXIN2 gene associated with CRC. Multivariate analysis, chi square, odd ratio tests, and R software were used for statistical analysis.

Results

AXIN2 rs2240308 showed association with CRC (OR = 5.4 CI: 2.7–10.4; p < 0.001) and with other familial cancer in individuals with hypodontia (p < 0.005 OR = 1.75, 95% CI: 1.22–6.91). In silico analysis showed that variations in AXIN2 found in CRC patients, were more frequently in earlier stages of tumor and patients who carry variations in the AXIN2 gene have a worse prognosis (p < 0.05). The association between AXIN2 rs2240308 with hypodontia was not significant.

Conclusions

These results suggest that AXIN2 rs2240308 polymorphism is associated with CRC and AXIN2 could be a risk marker for predisposition and prognosis of CRC.

AXIN2 Polymorphisms and Their Association with Colorectal Cancer in Mexican Patients

AIM

The aim of this study was to investigate the association of the rs2240308 and rs1133683 polymorphisms in the AXIN2 gene with colorectal cancer (CRC) in Mexican patients.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Genomic DNAs from 201 CRC patients and 100 healthy blood donors were analyzed for AXIN2 gene polymorphisms by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) methodology. Statistical associations were calculated using the odds ratio (OR) test.

RESULTS

The genotype distribution of the rs1133683 polymorphism C > T showed a statistical difference between the two study groups (p = 0.0019). Moreover, OR analyses demonstrated that individuals with either the C/T or T/T genotype have a decreased risk for CRC compared with individuals with the C/C genotype (OR = 0.47, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.25-0.86, p = 0.0134 and OR = 0.24, 95% CI = 0.10-0.57, p = 0.005, respectively). This association was also evident in a stratified analysis based on tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage. For the rs2240308 polymorphism C > T, the OR analysis showed a significantly increased risk for carriers of the T/T genotype (OR = 2.64, 95% CI = 1.12-6.24, p = 0.0236) and this association was also evident in the stratified analysis by TNM stage.

CONCLUSION

Our results indicate the possibility that variations in the AXIN2 gene may play a significant role in promoting or preventing CRC development.