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Wang R, Shang S, Huang X, Nie Y, Wang F, Yu J, Chen D. Patients with Lower Positive Lymph Nodes Ratio May Benefit from Preoperative Radiotherapy in Stage III Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2023; 22:15330338231173498. [PMID: 37157831 DOI: 10.1177/15330338231173498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although preoperative radiotherapy (PORT) is a promising therapeutic option for stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the efficacy of this treatment remains controversial. The positive lymph node ratio (PLNR) is recognized as an independent prognostic factor for survival. However, no previous studies have focused on the association between PLNR and PORT in stage III NSCLC. METHODS Data were collected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database, and all patients enrolled in this analysis were diagnosed during 2010-2015. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS). Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with survival before and after case-control matching. PLNR was defined as the ratio of the number of positive lymph nodes to the total number of retrieved or examined lymph nodes. A cutoff value for PLNR was calculated using an X-tile model. RESULTS Overall, 391 patients with PORT and 2814 patients without PORT were enrolled in this study. The cohort after 1:1 case-control matching included 322 patients who received PORT and 322 patients without PORT. PORT was not associated with a significant effect on OS (HR = 1.14; 95% CI: 0.91-1.43; P = 0.825). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that PLNR (P < 0.001) was independently associated with OS in patients with stage III NSCLC. An X-tile model was used to identify a cutoff value for PLNR: the risk of death was significantly lower in patients with PLNR ≤0.41 who received PORT than in those with PLNR >0.41 who received PORT (HR = 0.59; 95% CI: 0.38-0.91; P = 0.015). CONCLUSION PLNR may be a prognostic factor for survival in patients with stage III NSCLC who undergo PORT. Lower PLNR is a predictor of better OS and thus warrants further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyang Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shijie Shang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong University Cancer Center, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xinyi Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yu Nie
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jinming Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong University Cancer Center, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Research Unit of Radiation Oncology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Dawei Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong University Cancer Center, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Qie S, Shi H, Wang F, Liu F, Zhang X, Li Y, Sun X. The prognostic risk stratification model for metastatic small-cell lung cancer: An analysis of the SEER database. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e31000. [PMID: 36281112 PMCID: PMC9592304 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000031000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Distant metastases of small-cell lung cancer (DM-SCLC) is an important factor in the selection of treatment strategies. In this study, we established a nomogram to predict DM-SCLC and determine the benefit of radiotherapy (RT) for DM-SCLC. We analyzed DM-SCLC prognosis based on surveillance, epidemiology, and end result database (SEER) data. A comprehensive and practical nomogram that predicts the overall survival (OS) of DM-SCLC was constructed and the results were compared with the 7th edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) TNM stage system. A concordance index (C-index) and receiver operating characteristic plot were generated to evaluate the nomogram discrimination. The calibration was evaluated with a calibration plot, and its effectiveness was evaluated by a decision curve analysis (DCA). A score was assigned to each variable, and a total score was established for the risk stratification model. A total of 13,403 DM-SCLC patients were included. Eight characteristic variables were identified as independent prognostic variables. The C-index of the validation and training cohorts was 0.716 and 0.734, respectively. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) values of the nomogram used to predict 1-, 2-, and 3-year OS were 0.751, 0.744, and 0.786 in the validation cohorts (0.761, 0.777, 0.787 in the training cohorts), respectively. The calibration curve of 1-, 2-, 3-year survival rates showed that the prediction of the nomogram was in good agreement with the actual observation. The nomogram exhibited higher clinical utility after evaluation with the 1-, 2-, 3-year DCA compared with the AJCC stage system. A predictive nomogram and risk stratification model have been constructed to evaluate the prognosis of DM-SCLC effectively and accurately. This nomogram may provide a reference for prognosis stratification and treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Qie
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei Province, PR China
| | - Hongyun Shi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei Province, PR China
- *Correspondence: Hongyun Shi, Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding 071000, Hebei Province, PR China (e-mail: )
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei Province, PR China
| | - Fangyu Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei Province, PR China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei Province, PR China
| | - Yanhong Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei Province, PR China
| | - Xiaoyue Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Baoding First Central Hospital, Baoding, Hebei Province, PR China
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Erdoğu V, Çitak N, Sezen CB, Cansever L, Aker C, Onay S, Doğru MV, Saydam Ö, Bedirhan MA, Metin M. Correlation between outcomes and tumor size in >7 cm T4 non-small cell lung cancer patients: A tumor size-based comparison study. Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann 2021; 29:784-791. [PMID: 34424097 DOI: 10.1177/02184923211025429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated whether all size-based pathological T4N0-N1 non-small cell lung cancer patients with tumors at any size >7 cm had the same outcomes. METHODS We reviewed non-small cell lung cancer patients with tumors >7 cm who underwent anatomical lung resection between 2010 and 2016. A total of 251 size-based T4N0-N1 patients were divided into two groups based on tumor size. Group S (n = 192) included patients with tumors of 7.1-9.9 cm and Group L (n = 59) as tumor size ≥10 cm. RESULTS The mean tumor size was 8.83 ± 1.7 cm (Group S: 8.06 ± 0.6 cm, Group L: 11.3 ± 1.6 cm). There were 146 patients with pathological N0 and 105 patients with pathological N1 disease. Mean overall survival and disease-free survival were 64.2 and 51.4 months, respectively. The five-year overall survival and disease-free survival rates were 51.2% and 43.5% (five-year OS; pT4N0:52.7%, pT4N1:47.9%, DFS; pT4N0:44.3%, pT4N1: 42.3%). No significant differences were observed between T4N0 and T4N1 patients in terms of five-year OS or DFS (p = 0.325, p = 0.505 respectively). The five-year overall survival and disease-free survival rates were 52% and 44.6% in Group S, and 48.5% and 38.9% in Group L. No significant difference was observed between the groups in terms of five-year overall survival or disease-free survival (p = 0.699, p = 0.608, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Above 7 cm, any further increase in tumor size in non-small cell lung cancer patients had no significant effect on survival, confirming it is not necessary to further discriminate among patients with tumors in that size class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volkan Erdoğu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, 147022Yedikule Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Yedikule Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Necati Çitak
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Bakirkoy Dr Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Celal B Sezen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, 147022Yedikule Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Yedikule Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Levent Cansever
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, 147022Yedikule Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Yedikule Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cemal Aker
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, 147022Yedikule Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Yedikule Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Selin Onay
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, 147022Yedikule Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Yedikule Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa V Doğru
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, 147022Yedikule Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Yedikule Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Özkan Saydam
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, 147022Yedikule Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Yedikule Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet A Bedirhan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, 147022Yedikule Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Yedikule Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Muzaffer Metin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, 147022Yedikule Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Yedikule Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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de Cordova XF, Wang H, Mehrad M, Eisenberg R, Johnson J, Wei Q, Borinstein S, Danko ME, Liang J. Mucinous Adenocarcinoma With Intrapulmonary Metastasis Harboring KRAS and GNAS Mutations Arising in Congenital Pulmonary Airway Malformation. Am J Clin Pathol 2021; 156:313-319. [PMID: 33609098 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqaa245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Mucinous adenocarcinoma arising in unresected congenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM) is rare. Underlying driver mutations in addition to KRAS gain-of-function mutations in this setting and the long-term outcomes of these patients are unknown. METHODS We report a case of metastatic mucinous adenocarcinoma harboring both KRAS and GNAS mutations arising in a type 1 CPAM of a 14-year-old male. A literature review was performed. RESULTS Next-generation sequencing revealed identical KRAS (G12V) mutations in both the CPAM and metastatic adenocarcinoma and a missense mutation in the GNAS (R201C) gene in the metastatic adenocarcinoma only. Median survival was 23 and 4 years for patients with localized (no or limited spread within the same lobe of CPAM) and distant involvement (spread to any different lobe of CPAM) of mucinous cells, respectively (95% confidence interval, 23-23 and 1.5-22 years, respectively; P = .017). CONCLUSIONS Mucinous cell proliferation associated with type 1 CPAM has exceptionally good long-term outcomes if confined within the same lobe of CPAM. A second oncogenic mutation in the GNAS gene may be necessary for progression to malignancy and distant spread.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Huiying Wang
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology
| | - Mitra Mehrad
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology
| | | | - Joyce Johnson
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology
| | - Qiang Wei
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology
| | - Scott Borinstein
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Melissa E Danko
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
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Huang D, Ou W, Tong H, Peng M, Ou Y, Song Z. Analysis of the expression levels and clinical value of miR-365 and miR-25 in serum of patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:191. [PMID: 32952660 PMCID: PMC7479530 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.12053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the expression levels and clinical value of miR-365 and miR-25 in serum of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Patients (180) diagnosed with NSCLC at the Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University from July 2011 to December 2013 were used as the experimental group. Volunteers (90) undergoing health examinations were used as the control group. The serum of the patients was collected after fasting in the morning. The expression levels of miR-365 and miR-25 in the serum of patients was assessed by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), and the relationship among miR-365, miR-25 and the postoperative survival rate of NSCLC patients was analyzed. The relative expression level of miR-25 of patients with peripheral infiltration was significantly higher than that of patients without peripheral infiltration (P<0.05). There were significant differences in the relative expression level of miR-25 in different pathological grades and TNM stages, as well as with lymph node metastasis (P<0.05). The survival rate of NSCLC patients with high expression of miR-25 was significantly lower than that of NSCLC patients with low expression of miR-25 (P<0.05). The relative expression level of miR-365 of patients with peripheral infiltration was significantly lower than that of patients without peripheral infiltration (P<0.05). There were significant differences in the relative expression level of miR-365 in different pathological grades and TNM stages, as well as with lymph node metastasis (P<0.05). The survival rate of NSCLC patients with high expression of miR-365 was significantly higher than that of NSCLC patients with low expression of miR-365 (P<0.05). In conclusion, the expression levels of miR-25 and miR-365 were different in the serum of NSCLC patients, and they were closely related to certain clinical characteristics such as peripheral infiltration, pathological grade, tumor diameter, TNM stage and lymph node metastasis. Moreover, it was revealed that miR-25 and miR-365 affected the 5-year survival rate of patients. miR-25 and miR-365 could be used as important tumor markers to evaluate the prognosis of NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxuan Huang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518110, P.R. China
| | - Wenfang Ou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Guangdong Medical University Affiliated Longhua Central Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518110, P.R. China
| | - Huifen Tong
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Guangdong Medical University Affiliated Longhua Central Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518110, P.R. China
| | - Ming Peng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Guangdong Medical University Affiliated Longhua Central Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518110, P.R. China
| | - Yamei Ou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Guangdong Medical University Affiliated Longhua Central Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518110, P.R. China
| | - Zeqing Song
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Guangdong Medical University Affiliated Longhua Central Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518110, P.R. China
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Ayoub Z, Ning MS, Brooks ED, Kang J, Welsh JW, Chen A, Gandhi S, Heymach JV, Vaporciyan AA, Chang JY. Definitive Management of Presumed Synchronous Early Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancers: Outcomes and Utility of Stereotactic Ablative Radiation Therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020; 107:261-269. [PMID: 32044413 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Management of synchronous early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains controversial because resection is not always feasible. This study evaluates efficacy and patterns of failure after SABR for synchronous early-stage NSCLC. METHODS AND MATERIALS From 2005 to 2015, patients presenting with ≥2 synchronous NSCLC tumors (T1a-T2b) and receiving SABR to ≥1 lesion were reviewed. The most common prescriptions were 50 Gy in 4 or 70 Gy in 10 fractions. Patients underwent multidisciplinary management with workup including chest computed tomography and positron emission tomography/computed tomography, plus brain imaging and endoscopic bronchial ultrasound for most patients to rule out mediastinal and distant disease. Synchronous lesions were defined as multiple ipsilateral or contralateral intrapulmonary lesions diagnosed within 6 months. RESULTS Of 912 patients treated with SABR for early-stage NSCLC at our institution, 82 (9%) presented with synchronous disease, with a total of 169 lesions. SABR was delivered to 142 lesions (84%), with 57 patients (69.5%) receiving SABR for all sites. Median overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were 5.1 and 2.7 years, respectively. At a median follow-up of 58 months, OS was 67% and 52% at 3 and 5 years, and corresponding PFS was 47% and 29%. Thirty-nine patients (48%) had progression, with 21 (26%) experiencing distant failure, and intralobar recurrence was among the first failure for 15 patients (18%). Of the 142 SABR-treated sites, these included 6 in-field (4%) and 4 marginal (3%) recurrences. There were no grade ≥3 adverse events. Among patients receiving SABR for all sites, there were no differences in OS (P = .946), PFS (P = .980), local control (P = .683), regional and distant control (P = .656), or toxicity (P = .791). On multivariable analysis, ipsilateral synchronous disease was associated with greater regional and distant failure (hazard ratio, 2.691; P = .025). CONCLUSIONS Synchronous NSCLC can be managed with definitive local therapy. With high control rates and favorable outcomes, SABR is an effective and feasible treatment for synchronous early-stage NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeina Ayoub
- Department of Radiation Oncology, the Naef K. Basile Cancer Institute, the American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Matthew S Ning
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Eric D Brooks
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jingjing Kang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - James W Welsh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Aileen Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Saumil Gandhi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - John V Heymach
- Department of Thoracic Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ara A Vaporciyan
- Department of Thoracic Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Joe Y Chang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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Li J, Liu F, Yu H, Zhao C, Li Z, Wang H. Different distant metastasis patterns based on tumor size could be found in extensive-stage small cell lung cancer patients: a large, population-based SEER study. PeerJ 2019; 7:e8163. [PMID: 31824772 PMCID: PMC6896937 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a malignant cancer with the ability to metastasize quickly. The relationship between tumor size and the distant metastasis patterns of Extensive-Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer (ES-SCLC) has not been reported. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to determine the different distant metastasis patterns as they related to tumor size in ES-SCLC. PATIENTS AND METHODS We used Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) population-based data collected from 2010 through 2013 to identify 11058 ES-SCLC patients with definite evidence of distant metastases. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to demonstrate the association between tumor size and distant metastasis patterns including bone, liver, brain, and lung metastases. Age, race, sex, and N stage were also selected in the logistic regression model. RESULTS Subtle differences in metastasis patterns were found among patients based on different tumor sizes. Patients with tumors 3-7 cm have a higher risk of bone metastasis compared with those that have tumors ≤3 cm (OR 1.165, 95% CI [1.055-1.287], P = 0.003) and patients with tumors ≥7 cm have a higher risk of lung metastasis (OR 1.183, 95% CI [1.039-1.347], P = 0.011). In addition, patients with tumors ≥7 cm had a lower risk of brain metastasis and liver metastasis than patients with tumors ≤3 cm (OR 0.799, 95% CI [0.709-0.901], P < 0.001; OR 0.747, 95% CI [0.672-0.830], P < 0.001). Interestingly, there was no correlation between a larger tumor and a higher risk of metastasis. However, the tumor metastasis pattern did have some correlation with age, gender, race and N-status. CONCLUSION The pattern of distant metastasis of ES-SCLC is related to the tumor size and the tumor size is indicative of the metastatic site. Larger tumor sizes did not correlate with a higher risk of distant metastasis, but the size is related to the pattern of distant metastasis. The study of different distant metastasis patterns based on tumor size and other clinical features (e.g., age, race, sex, and N stage) in ES-SCLC is clinically valuable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haining Yu
- Human Resources Department, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chenglong Zhao
- Department of Pathology Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhenxiang Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Haiyong Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine-Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Liang Y, Liu L, Xie X, Xia L, Meng J, Xu R, He D. Tumor Size Improves the Accuracy of the Prognostic Prediction of Lymph Node-Negative Gastric Cancer. J Surg Res 2019; 240:89-96. [PMID: 30913463 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2019.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor size has been regarded as the "T" stage of many solid tumors because of its effect on prognosis. However, the prognostic impact of tumor size in gastric cancer (GC) is still controversial. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 436 patients with curatively resected GC and those without lymph node metastasis in our center were retrospectively enrolled. The appropriate cutoff points for tumor size were determined. Potential prognostic factors were analyzed. In addition, a pathological tumor-size (pTS) classification system was proposed to evaluate the superiority of its prognostic prediction of node-negative GC patients compared with that of the pT staging system. RESULTS The ideal cutoff points for tumor size were 4 and 8 cm. In the multivariate analysis, tumor size was identified as an independent prognostic factor for node-negative GC patients after surgery, as was pT stage. The pTS classification was found to be more appropriate for predicting the overall survival of node-negative GC patients after curative surgery than pT stage, and the -2 log-likelihood of the pTS classification (1680.782) was smaller than the value of pT (1695.239). CONCLUSIONS As an independent prognostic factor, tumor size should be incorporated into the pT staging system to enhance the accuracy of the prognostic prediction of node-negative GC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuexiang Liang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou City, China
| | - Lijie Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou City, China
| | - Xiaoming Xie
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou City, China
| | - Liping Xia
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou City, China
| | - Jin Meng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou City, China
| | - Ronghua Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou City, China
| | - Donglei He
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou City, China.
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Yang L, Yang Y, Ma P, Zheng B, Liu W, Zhang Z, Ding N, Liu L, Mao Y, Lv N. Spread through air spaces predicts a worse survival in patients with stage I adenocarcinomas >2 cm after radical lobectomy. J Thorac Dis 2018; 10:5308-5317. [PMID: 30416778 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2018.09.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to evaluate the significance of spread through air spaces (STAS) in early lung adenocarcinomas after radical lobectomy and lymphadenectomy. Methods A total of 242 patients with lung adenocarcinomas less than 4 cm (8th pStage I) were selected from the lung cancer patients surgically treated from January, 2009 to September, 2011. Pathological review focused on STAS as well as histological subtypes, blood vessel & neural invasion, pathological tumor size etc. Recurrence or disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were compared between patients as stratified by STAS and tumor size. Results STAS was observed in 33.47% (81/242) patients, which was significantly correlated with histological predominant subtype (χ2=25.903, P=0.093×10-3) and differentiation grade (χ2=23.986, P=0.025×10-3). Patients with STAS (+) showed a comparable PFS (P=0.268) and OS rates (P=0.100) in all stage I cases, but a significant lower PFS (P=0.029) and OS (P=0.013) in tumors within 2< tumors ≤4 cm. Multivariate analysis revealed STAS to be an independent worse prognostic factor in lung adenocarcinomas within 2< tumors ≤4 cm, both for PFS (P=0.004) and OS (P=0.002), while no significant difference was found in patients with tumors ≤2 cm (PFS, P=0.537; OS, P=0.448), after adjusting by other clinicopathological parameters as age, gender, smoking etc. Conclusions Presence of STAS was a significant worse predictor for pStage I patients with lung adenocarcinoma >2 cm who underwent radical lobectomy, while it is not significant in patients with tumor ≤2 cm. These findings may be helpful in assessing postoperative therapy stratified by tumor size and STAS status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yang
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Yikun Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Peiqing Ma
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Bo Zheng
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Wenchao Liu
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Zhirong Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Ningning Ding
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063200, China
| | - Yousheng Mao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Ning Lv
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
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Abstract
Tumour heterogeneity poses a substantial problem for the clinical management of cancer. Somatic evolution of the cancer genome results in genetically distinct subclones in the primary tumour with different biological properties and therapeutic sensitivities. The problem of heterogeneity is compounded in metastatic disease owing to the complexity of the metastatic process and the multiple biological hurdles that the tumour cell must overcome to establish a clinically overt metastatic lesion. New advances in sequencing technology and clinical sample acquisition are providing insights into the phylogenetic relationship of metastases and primary tumours at the level of somatic tumour genetics while also illuminating fundamental mechanisms of the metastatic process. In addition to somatically acquired genetic heterogeneity in the tumour cells, inherited population-based genetic heterogeneity can profoundly modify metastatic biology and further complicate the development of effective, broadly applicable antimetastatic therapies. Here, we examine how genetic heterogeneity impacts metastatic disease and the implications of current knowledge for future research endeavours and therapeutic interventions.
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Gao Y, Zhang JF, Li QC, Liu JJ, Liu LL, Yang XF, Jiang HM, Zheng HC. The clinicopathological and prognostic features of Chinese and Japanese inpatients with lung cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:67425-67434. [PMID: 27608841 PMCID: PMC5341886 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we retrospectively compared the differences in clinicopathological behaviors and prognosis of lung cancer from the First Affiliated Hospital (CMU1, n=513), Shengjing Hospital (CMUS, n=1021), Tumor Hospital (CMUT, n=5378) of China Medical University, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian (DMU, n=2251) and Jinzhou (JMU, n=630) Medical University, Takaoka Kouseiren Hospital (Takaoka, n=163) of Japan. Japanese lung cancer patients showed smaller tumor size, lower TNM staging, lower ratio of squamous cell carcinoma and higher ratio of small and large cell carcinomas than Chinese patients (p<0.05). Survival analysis showed that tumor size was employed as a prognostic factor for the Japanese and Chinese cancer patients (p<0.05). In DMU and CMUS, the ratios of female patients or adenocarcinoma were higher than other hospitals (p<0.05), while the patients from CMUT and CMU1 were younger than the others (p<0.05). The ratios of squamous cell carcinoma from CMUT, CMU1 and JMU were higher than the others, while it was the same for the ratio of large and small cell carcinoma in Takaoka and CMU1 (p<0.05). TNM staging was higher in CMUT than JMU and Takaoka (p<0.05). The female patients of lung cancer showed young prone, large tumor size, a high ratio of adenocarcinoma and advanced TNM staging in comparison to the counterpart (p<0.05). The younger patients of lung cancer displayed smaller tumor size, higher ratio of adenocarcinoma, lower TNM staging than the elder in Takaoka (p<0.05). There were more aggressive behaviors and shorter survival time for Chinese than Japanese lung cancer patients. The prevention of lung cancer should be strengthened by establishing a systematic and effective screening strategy, especially for the young and female patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Gao
- Cancer Center, Key Laboratory of Brain and Spinal Cord Injury of Liaoning Province, and Animal Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China
| | - Ji-Feng Zhang
- Cancer Center, Key Laboratory of Brain and Spinal Cord Injury of Liaoning Province, and Animal Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China
| | - Qing-Chang Li
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Jia-Jie Liu
- Cancer Center, Key Laboratory of Brain and Spinal Cord Injury of Liaoning Province, and Animal Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China
| | - Li-Li Liu
- Cancer Center, Key Laboratory of Brain and Spinal Cord Injury of Liaoning Province, and Animal Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China
| | - Xue-Feng Yang
- Cancer Center, Key Laboratory of Brain and Spinal Cord Injury of Liaoning Province, and Animal Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China
| | - Hua-Mao Jiang
- Department of Unrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China
| | - Hua-Chuan Zheng
- Cancer Center, Key Laboratory of Brain and Spinal Cord Injury of Liaoning Province, and Animal Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China.,Life Science Institute of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China
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12
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A nomogram to predict the survival of stage IIIA-N2 non-small cell lung cancer after surgery. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2017; 155:1784-1792.e3. [PMID: 29554790 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2017.11.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Postoperative survival of patients with stage IIIA-N2 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is highly heterogeneous. Here, we aimed to identify variables associated with postoperative survival and develop a tool for survival prediction. METHODS A retrospective review was performed in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database from January 2004 to December 2009. Significant variables were selected by use of the backward stepwise method. The nomogram was constructed with multivariable Cox regression. The model's performance was evaluated by concordance index and calibration curve. The model was validated via an independent cohort from the Jiangsu Cancer Hospital Lung Cancer Center. RESULTS A total of 1809 patients with stage IIIA-N2 NSCLC who underwent surgery were included in the training cohort. Age, sex, grade, histology, tumor size, visceral pleural invasion, positive lymph nodes, lymph nodes examined, and surgery type (lobectomy vs pneumonectomy) were identified as significant prognostic variables using backward stepwise method. A nomogram was developed from the training cohort and validated using an independent Chinese cohort. The concordance index of the model was 0.673 (95% confidence interval, 0.654-0.692) in training cohort and 0.664 in validation cohort (95% confidence interval, 0.614-0.714). The calibration plot showed optimal consistency between nomogram predicted survival and observed survival. Survival analyses demonstrated significant differences between different subgroups stratified by prognostic scores. CONCLUSIONS This nomogram provided the individual survival prediction for patients with stage IIIA-N2 NSCLC after surgery, which might benefit survival counseling for patients and clinicians, clinical trial design and follow-up, as well as postoperative strategy-making.
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Jin Y, Chen M, Yu X. Comparison of the 7(th) and proposed 8(th) editions of the AJCC/UICC TNM staging system for non-small cell lung cancer undergoing radical surgery. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33587. [PMID: 27641932 PMCID: PMC5027530 DOI: 10.1038/srep33587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aims to compare the 7th and the proposed 8th edition of the AJCC/UICC TNM staging system for NSCLC in a cohort of patients from a single institution. A total of 408 patients with NSCLC who underwent radical surgery were analyzed retrospectively. Survivals were analyzed using the Kaplan –Meier method and were compared using the log-rank test. Multivariate analysis was performed by the Cox proportional hazard model. The Akaike information criterion (AIC) and C-index were applied to compare the two prognostic systems with different numbers of stages. The 7th AJCC T categories, the proposed 8th AJCC T categories, N categories, visceral pleural invasion, and vessel invasion were found to have statistically significant associations with disease-free survival (DFS) on univariate analysis. In the 7th edition staging system as well as in the proposed 8th edition, T categories, N categories, and pleural invasion were independent factors for DFS on multivariate analysis. The AIC value was smaller for the 8th edition compared to the 7th edition staging system. The C-index value was larger for the 8th edition compared to the 7th edition staging system. Based on the data from our single center, the proposed 8th AJCC T classification seems to be superior to the 7th AJCC T classification in terms of DFS for patients with NSCLC underwent radical surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Jin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinmin Yu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment Technology of Thoracic Oncology, Hangzhou, China
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