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Shimizu Y, Suzuki M, Akiyama O, Ogino I, Matsushita Y, Satomi K, Yanagisawa S, Ohno M, Takahashi M, Miyakita Y, Narita Y, Ichimura K, Kondo A. Utility of real-time polymerase chain reaction for the assessment of CDKN2A homozygous deletion in adult-type IDH-mutant astrocytoma. Brain Tumor Pathol 2023; 40:93-100. [PMID: 36788155 DOI: 10.1007/s10014-023-00450-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
The World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System 5th Edition (WHO CNS5) introduced a newly defined astrocytoma, IDH-mutant grade 4, for adult diffuse glioma classification. One of the diagnostic criteria is the presence of a CDKN2A/B homozygous deletion (HD). Here, we report a robust and cost-effective quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR)-based test for assessing CDKN2A HD. A TaqMan copy number assay was performed using a probe located within CDKN2A. The linear correlation between the Ct values and relative CDKN2A copy number was confirmed using a serial mixture of DNA from normal blood and U87MG cells. The qPCR assay was performed in 109 IDH-mutant astrocytomas, including 14 tumors with CDKN2A HD, verified either by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) or CytoScan HD microarray platforms. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis indicated that a cutoff value of 0.85 yielded optimal sensitivity (100%) and specificity (99.0%) for determining CDKN2A HD. The assay applies to DNA extracted from frozen or formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples. Survival was significantly shorter in patients with than in those without CDKN2A HD, assessed by either MLPA/CytoScan or qPCR. Thus, our qPCR method is clinically applicable for astrocytoma grading and prognostication, compatible with the WHO CNS5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzaburo Shimizu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Mario Suzuki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Osamu Akiyama
- Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Ikuko Ogino
- Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Yuko Matsushita
- Department of Brain Disease Translational Research, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaishi Satomi
- Department of Pathology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Diagnostic Pathology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Yanagisawa
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neuro-Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Ohno
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neuro-Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masamichi Takahashi
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neuro-Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuji Miyakita
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neuro-Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Narita
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neuro-Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Ichimura
- Department of Brain Disease Translational Research, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihide Kondo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
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Ambele MA, van Zyl A, Pepper MS, van Heerden MB, van Heerden WFP. Amplification of 3q26.2, 5q14.3, 8q24.3, 8q22.3, and 14q32.33 Are Possible Common Genetic Alterations in Oral Cancer Patients. Front Oncol 2020; 10:683. [PMID: 32426287 PMCID: PMC7203479 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The lack of clinical biomarkers for head and neck cancer subtypes limits early diagnosis and monitoring of disease progression. This study investigates genetic alterations in clinically identical tumor, tumor-adjacent dysplastic epithelium (TADE) and normal epithelium (NE) in five oral cancer patients to identify differences and commonalities between oral cancer, TADE and NE. A VELscope®Vx device was used to identify TADE and NE surrounding a clinical tumor for analysis of genetic alterations using the OncoScan® assay. One of the tumor samples examined was an “M” class tumor with a high confidence BRAF:p.G469A:c.1406G>C somatic mutation, which is the first to be reported in oral cancer. Another tumor showed mosaicism in genetic alterations, indicating the presence of multiple clones. Overall, each patient's tumor, TADE and NE showed a distinct genetic profile which indicates intertumoral clonal/genetic diversity. Interestingly, four tumors showed gain of 3q26.2, 5q14.3, 8q24.3, 8q22.3, 14q32.33 and loss/LOH in 9p21.3 while all TADE had LOH on 22q11.23. In addition, some genetic alterations progressed from NE through TADE into tumor in individual patients. Furthermore, no molecular event was identified that is common to all NE and/or TADE that progressed into tumor. This pilot study demonstrates the presence of genetic heterogeneity in oral tumorigenesis, and suggests that there might exist some common genetic alterations between tumors and TADE. However, this observation would need to be further investigated and validated in a larger cohort of oral cancer patients for its potential role in oral tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melvin A Ambele
- Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.,Department of Immunology, and SAMRC Extramural Unit for Stem Cell Research and Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Andre van Zyl
- Specialist in Oral Medicine and Periodontics, Private Practice, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Michael S Pepper
- Department of Immunology, and SAMRC Extramural Unit for Stem Cell Research and Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Marlene B van Heerden
- Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Willie F P van Heerden
- Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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Morgan-Bathke M, Harris ZI, Arnett DG, Klein RR, Burd R, Ann DK, Limesand KH. The Rapalogue, CCI-779, improves salivary gland function following radiation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113183. [PMID: 25437438 PMCID: PMC4249875 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The standard of care for head and neck cancer typically includes surgical resection of the tumor followed by targeted head and neck radiation. However depending on tumor location and stage, some cases may not require surgical resection while others may be treated with chemoradiation. Unfortunately, these radiation treatments cause chronic negative side effects for patients. These side effects are associated with damage to surrounding normal salivary gland tissue and include xerostomia, changes in taste and malnutrition. The underlying mechanisms of chronic radiation-induced salivary gland dysfunction are unknown, however, in rodent models persistently elevated proliferation is correlated with reduced stimulated salivary flow. The rapalogue, CCI-779, has been used in other cell systems to induce autophagy and reduce proliferation, therefore the aim of this study was to determine if CCI-779 could be utilized to ameliorate chronic radiation-induced salivary gland dysfunction. Four to six week old Atg5f/f; Aqp5-Cre, Atg5+/+; Aqp5-Cre and FVB mice were treated with targeted head and neck radiation. FVB mice were treated with CCI-779, chloroquine, or DMSO post-radiation. Stimulated salivary flow rates were determined and parotid and submandibular salivary gland tissues were collected for analyses. Mice with a defect in autophagy, via a conditional knockout of Atg5 in the salivary glands, display increased compensatory proliferation in the acinar cell compartment and hypertrophy at 24-72 hours following radiation. FVB mice treated with post-therapy CCI-779 have significant improvements in salivary gland physiology as determined by stimulated salivary flow rates, proliferation indices and amylase production and secretion. Consequently, post-radiation use of CCI-779 allows for improvement of salivary gland function and reestablishment of glandular homeostasis. As CCI-779 is already FDA approved for other uses, it could have a secondary use to alleviate the chronic side effects in head and neck cancer patients who have completed anti-tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Morgan-Bathke
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Zoey I. Harris
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Deborah G. Arnett
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Rob R. Klein
- Department of Pathology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Randy Burd
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - David K. Ann
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Kirsten H. Limesand
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
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