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Diura-Vere O, Mokgatle MM, Oguntibeju OO. Sexual Behaviour and Attitudes towards Safe Sex of Youth Receiving Antiretroviral Care at Public Health Facilities in Palapye District, Botswana. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3790. [PMID: 36900803 PMCID: PMC10001564 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20053790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sexual behaviour of HIV-infected youths is very important in determining the direction of the HIV epidemic, as these youths are reservoirs of HIV and can propagate its transmission if they engage in risky sexual behaviours. However, support structures for secondary prevention are weak even in healthcare settings. There is a need to understand the sexual behaviour of these youths and, in turn, tailor appropriate secondary prevention strategies, hence the current study was designed to assess sexual behaviour and attitudes towards safe sex of youth receiving antiretroviral care at public health facilities in Palapye district, Botswana. METHOD This quantitative, descriptive cross-sectional survey was used to describe the sexual behaviour and attitudes towards safe sex and identify factors associated with risky sexual behaviours among HIV-infected youths aged between 15 and 19 years receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) care from public healthcare facilities in Palapye District, Botswana. RESULTS A total of 188 youths participated in this study, 56% being females while 44% were males. We reported that 15.4% had ever had sex. At their last sexual encounter, more than half of the youths (51.7%) had not used condoms. More than a third of the participants were under the influence of alcohol during their last sexual experience. Generally, the youths had good attitudes towards safe sex, as most youths said they would prioritise protecting their sexual partners and themselves from HIV and STIs. Alcohol use, substance use and not considering religion as important were strongly associated with having ever had sex. CONCLUSIONS A significant proportion of HIV-infected youths are sexually active, whereas their preventive practices such as condom use are poor despite good attitudes towards safe sex. Alcohol use, substance use and not perceiving religion as important were associated with risky sexual behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onai Diura-Vere
- Department of Public Health, School of Health Care Sciences, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa 0208, South Africa
| | - Mathildah M. Mokgatle
- Department of Public Health, School of Health Care Sciences, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa 0208, South Africa
| | - Oluwafemi O. Oguntibeju
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville 7535, South Africa
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Armoon B, Fleury MJ, Higgs P, Bayat AH, Bayani A, Mohammadi R, Ahounbar E. Prevalence, socio-demographics and service use determinants associated with disclosure of HIV/AIDS status to infected children: a systematic review and meta-analysis by 1985-2021. Arch Public Health 2022; 80:154. [PMID: 35681146 PMCID: PMC9178876 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-022-00910-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is a public health issue of global importance. To our knowledge, no previous meta-analysis documenting the prevalence, socio-demographic, and service use determinants associated with HIV/AIDS disclosure to infected children has been conducted. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence, socio-demographics and service use determinants associated with the disclosure of HIV/AIDS status to infected children. METHODS Studies in English published between 01 January 1985 and 01 November 2021, and available on PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane electronic databases were searched. After reviewing for study duplicates, the full-text of selected articles were assessed for eligibility using Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcomes (PICO) criteria. We used fixed and random-effects meta-analysis models to estimate the pooled prevalence, pooled odds ratio (OR), and 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS After article duplicates were excluded, assessments of abstracts were completed, and full-text papers evaluated, 37 studies were included in this meta-analysis. The prevalence of the disclosure of HIV status to children was measured to be 41% in this research. The odds that a child of 10 years and older is informed that they are HIV-positive is 3.01 time the odds that younger children are informed. Those children who had primary or lower schooling level were 2.41 times more likely to be informed of their HIV-positive status than children with higher levels of schooling. Children who had a non-biological parents were 3.17 times more likely to have been disclose being HIV-positive; social support (OR = 8.29, 95%CI = 2.34, 29.42), children who had higher levels of social supports were 8.29 times more likely to disclose HIV-positive; the primary educational level of caregivers (OR = 2.03, 95%CI = 1.43, 2.89), respondents who had caregivers with primary education level were 2.03 times more likely to disclose HIV-positive; antiretroviral treatment (ART) adherence (OR = 2.59, 95%CI = 1.96, 3.42), participants who adhered to ART were 2.59 times more likely to disclose HIV-positive and hospital follow-up (OR = 2.82, 95%CI = 1.85, 4.29), those who had hospital follow-up were 2.82 times more likely to disclose HIV-positive; were all significantly associated with the disclosure of HIV/AIDS status to infected children. CONCLUSION Such data are of importance for healthcare pediatrics HIV care professionals. Facilitating HIV diagnosis and disclosure to the infected children and ensuring access to HIV treatment will likely prevent secondary HIV transmission. Healthcare professionals are expected to provide age-appropriate counseling services to this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahram Armoon
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Research Centre, 6875 LaSalle Boulevard, Montreal, QC, H4H 1R3, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Marie-Josée Fleury
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Research Centre, 6875 LaSalle Boulevard, Montreal, QC, H4H 1R3, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Peter Higgs
- Department of Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Amir-Hossien Bayat
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Saveh University of Medical Sciences, Saveh, Iran
| | - Azadeh Bayani
- Student Research Committee, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rasool Mohammadi
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Nutrition, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Elaheh Ahounbar
- Orygen, The National Center of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Center for Youth Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
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Walle BG, Tiruneh CM, Dessie T, Selomon N, Kassaw A, Chekole B, Wubneh M, Lankrew T, Bayih WA. Factors associated with children's HIV- positive status disclosure in Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study. Ital J Pediatr 2022; 48:86. [PMID: 35668505 PMCID: PMC9169329 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-022-01287-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Children’s HIV-positive status disclosure is an essential component of chronic care & long-term disease management. The modalities of status disclosure are complex and vary across different communities. Although data from various settings are necessary to overcome this problem, evidence is limited, specifically in the in the study areas. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of HIV-positive status disclosure and associated factors among children on antiretroviral therapy (ART). Methods A mixed-method, facility-based study was conducted: among 203 caregivers with children in Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia. We used in-depth interviews for qualitative data in addition to structured questionnaires. Simple random sampling for quantitative and purposive sampling for qualitative parts was applied. We used Content or Thematic analysis for qualitative and Binary logistic regression for quantitative. Results All the caregivers were interviewed and majorities (84.7%) of them were female. One hundred twelve children (55.2%) were below 12 years of age. In this study, the overall prevalence of children with HIV-positive status disclosure was 46.8%. Being 12 or more years of age (AOR = 7.5, 95% CI: 2.9–15.6), duration on ART 72 or more months (AOR = 3.8, 95% CI: 1.7–6.7), death of the parent (AOR = 2.0, 95% CI: 1.1- 3.8), and having follow up in the hospital (AOR = 2.1, 95% CI: 1.3–4.7) were associated with disclosure. Being an immature child was the commonest reason cited by caregivers for non-disclosure. Frequent questions by the child about why they are taking drugs, for better self-care, and treatment adherence were the commonest reason of caregivers for disclosing their children’s HIV-positive status. Conclusion In our study, children’s HIV-positive status disclosure was significantly low. This study identified different factors (Health facility, children, and caregivers-related factors) as the main reason for disclosing children’s HIV-positive status. Hence, health care workers should give special attention to children’s HIV-positive status disclosure, which helps to increase the effectiveness of treatment and prevent further HIV transmission. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13052-022-01287-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belete Gelaw Walle
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Health Science and Medicine, Wolaita Sodo University, P.O.Box 138, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia.
| | - Chalie Marew Tiruneh
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Tigabu Dessie
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Nigusie Selomon
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Amare Kassaw
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Bogale Chekole
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Wolkite University, Wolkite, Ethiopia
| | - Moges Wubneh
- Department of Adult Health Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Tadele Lankrew
- Department of Adult Health Nursing, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia
| | - Wubet Alebachew Bayih
- Department of Maternal and Neonatal Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
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Lemma T, Silesh M, Taye BT, Desta K, Kitaw TM, Tekalign T. HIV Serostatus Disclosure and Its Predictors Among Children Living With HIV in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Public Health 2022; 10:859469. [PMID: 35719618 PMCID: PMC9201957 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.859469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background HIV disclosure among children refers to when the caregiver is having disclosed to the child that he or she has HIV specifically. Disclosure significantly improved adherence to treatment and quality of life among children living with HIV/AIDS. Even though, the benefits of disclosure are considerable, informing a child of his or her own HIV status is often delayed. There is a dearth of studies on HIV serostatus disclosure among children in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the pooled prevalence of HIV serostatus disclosure and associated factors among children living with HIV in Ethiopia. Methods and Materials Using a combination of search terms and Boolean operators, studies were retrieved from Pub Med/MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochran library, and Google Scholar. Five authors independently assessed the quality of each study using the modified Newcastle Ottawa Scale (NOS) for cross-sectional studies. STATA Version 11 software was used for statistical analyses. The random-effects (Der Simonian and Laird) method was used for the meta-analysis. The heterogeneity test was carried out with the help of I-squared (I2) statistics. A leave-one-out sensitivity analysis was carried out. Results A total of 12 articles with 3,410 participants were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of HIV serostatus disclosure among children was 36.87% (95% CI: 29.30, 44.44; I2 = 95.8%). Children aged older than 10 years (p = 0.003) and caregivers with primary and above education (p < 0.001) were factors significantly associated with HIV serostatus disclosure among children. Conclusions The finding of this study showed that HIV serostatus disclosure among children is relatively low. Therefore, developing clear guideline on HIV serostatus disclosure among children, strengthening public health education or community awareness creation about HIV/AIDS to promote the benefits of disclosure and extensively provision of counseling by health care providers are essential to enhance HIV serostatus disclosure among children. Systematic Review Registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021239035.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tesfanesh Lemma
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Asrat Woldeyes Health Science Campus, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
| | - Mulualem Silesh
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Asrat Woldeyes Health Science Campus, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
| | - Birhan Tsegaw Taye
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Asrat Woldeyes Health Science Campus, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
| | - Kelem Desta
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Asrat Woldeyes Health Science Campus, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
| | - Tebabere Moltot Kitaw
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Asrat Woldeyes Health Science Campus, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
| | - Tiwabwork Tekalign
- School of Nursing, Arba Minch University College of Medicine and Health Science, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
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