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Nwankwo JC, Nagornaya A. Therapeutic potential of twenty-first century music for cancer survivorship: from music and conceptual metaphor perspectives to a synergetic effect approach. Support Care Cancer 2024; 32:520. [PMID: 39017779 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-024-08719-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
This paper examines the therapeutic potential of twenty-first century music as a means of supplementary therapeutic care for cancer survivorship. It presents a study of songs by Rihanna, Beyoncé, Adele, Coldplay, and Imagine Dragons, which combines the analysis of relevant music features and conceptual metaphors in the lyrics to examine the effect of the songs on the audience. The main aim of this study was to highlight the emotional and cognitive impact of these songs on listeners and identify their potential role in improving the psychological condition of patients with cancer who are downtrodden or reeling from the pain of surgery, chemotherapy, and side effects of treatment. This article adopts the conceptual metaphorical framework proposed by Lakoff and Johnson (1980) and the metaphor identification procedure (MIP) (Pragglejazz group, 2007) to examine the targeted use of metaphors features in the lyrics of the selected songs. The findings show that although there is a therapeutic potential associated with the songs analyzed, there are also potential risks for patients with cancer. "".
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Bilodeau K, Henriksen C, Aloisio Alves C, Piché L, Pepin J, Lee V, Vachon MF, Folch N, Pomey MP, Fernandez N. Learning to provide humanistic care and support in the context of chronic illness: Insights from the narratives of healthcare professionals in hemato-oncology. Eur J Oncol Nurs 2024; 69:102522. [PMID: 38382155 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejon.2024.102522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To document the process by which healthcare professionals (HCPs) support people living with and beyond hematological cancer and detail how they learned from their personal and clinical experience. METHOD Using a narrative approach, we conducted nine semi-structured interviews with HCPs, including nurses, from a specialized care centre who support patients with hematological cancer. Interviews aimed to capture experiential learning gained from their practice. We performed a hybrid inductive/deductive content analysis on data using a framework based on sociological and educational models of experiential learning. RESULTS Among healthcare professionals, analysis revealed the need to provide care and support that is 'humane' and adapted to each patient. Learning to provide this type of care proved to be challenging. Over the course of their clinical experience, healthcare professionals learned to adapt the support they provided by straddling a boundary between sympathy and empathy. Learning outcomes were associated with personal-professional development among participants. CONCLUSION Our findings bring to light an overlooked facet of patient support in the context of cancer care, which is the acquisition of the soft skills required to deliver humanistic care and support. This learning process requires time and involves navigating between the realms of sympathy and empathy. Experiential learning is intertwined with the complexity of the often long-term patient-professional relationship that characterizes hemato-oncology. This unique relationship offers rewards for healthcare professionals on both personal and professional fronts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Bilodeau
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Montreal, PO Box 6128, Station Centre-ville, Montreal, Quebec, H3C 3J7, Canada; Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, 5415 Assomption Blvd, Montreal, Quebec, H1T 2M4, Canada.
| | - Cynthia Henriksen
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, 5415 Assomption Blvd, Montreal, Quebec, H1T 2M4, Canada.
| | - Camila Aloisio Alves
- Petrópolis Medical College (FMP/UNIFASE), Av. Barão do Rio Branco, 1003 - Centro, Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro, 25680-120, Brazil.
| | - Lynda Piché
- Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, 1051 Rue Sanguinet, Montreal, Quebec, H2X 3E4, Canada.
| | - Jacinthe Pepin
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Montreal, PO Box 6128, Station Centre-ville, Montreal, Quebec, H3C 3J7, Canada.
| | - Virginia Lee
- McGill University Health Center (Glen site), 1001 Decarie Blvd, Montreal, Quebec, H4A 3J1, Canada.
| | - Marie-France Vachon
- Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, 1051 Rue Sanguinet, Montreal, Quebec, H2X 3E4, Canada.
| | - Nathalie Folch
- Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, 1051 Rue Sanguinet, Montreal, Quebec, H2X 3E4, Canada.
| | - Marie-Pascale Pomey
- Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, 1051 Rue Sanguinet, Montreal, Quebec, H2X 3E4, Canada; Department of Management, Evaluation and Health Policy of the School of Public Health, University of Montreal, 7101 Av du Parc, Montréal, Quebec, H3N 1X9, Canada.
| | - Nicolas Fernandez
- Department of Family Medicine and Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, 2900 Edouard Montpetit Blvd, Montreal, Quebec, H3T 1J4, Canada.
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Pouy S, Taheri-Ezbarami Z, Rassouli M, Darbandi B, Javadi-Pashaki N. Factors Improving Oncology Nurse Role Performance in Providing Pediatric Palliative Care: A SWOT Analysis. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2023; 24:3501-3508. [PMID: 37898856 PMCID: PMC10770675 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2023.24.10.3501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Palliative care is provided by an interdisciplinary team in which, nurses play an important role, and improving their role performance can be effective in providing high-quality care. This study aimed to explore the factors related to improving oncology nurses' role performance in providing pediatric palliative care. METHODS This qualitative study was conducted using semi-structured interviews with 22 nurses, physicians, hospital supervisors, children, and their parents from September 2022 to January 2023. Data analysis was performed based on conventional content analysis proposed by Elo and Kyngas using MAXQDA 2020. Finally, subcategories of each main category were summarized in the SWOT analysis matrix. RESULT Data analysis led to the extraction of 1250 codes, three main categories (nurse-related factors, child and family-related factors, and organizational factors), five generic categories, and 32 subcategories that were ultimately classified in the SWOT analysis matrix. CONCLUSION This study showed that oncology nurses' role performance in providing palliative care is influenced by many internal and external factors. In this regard, in order to improve their role performance, increasing knowledge among nurses, nursing students, and the community on integrating pediatric palliative care topics into the nursing curriculum, fair access to palliative care services, drug accessibility, financial support, and further research are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somaye Pouy
- Department of Pediatric Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
| | - Zahra Taheri-Ezbarami
- Department of Pediatric Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
| | - Maryam Rassouli
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Bahram Darbandi
- Pediatric Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
| | - Nazila Javadi-Pashaki
- Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
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Erami E, Taghadosi M. Factors Contributing to Grief Experience Among Oncology Nurses: A Qualitative Study. Semin Oncol Nurs 2023; 39:151472. [PMID: 37507268 DOI: 10.1016/j.soncn.2023.151472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Care provision to patients with cancer can cause varying levels of grief for oncology nurses. Grief in turn significantly affects nurses' personal and professional life. However, there is limited information about the contributing factors to grief experience among oncology nurses. The aim of this study was to explore the contributing factors to grief experience among oncology nurses. DATA SOURCES This qualitative study was conducted in Iran from May 2020 to October 2021. Participants were 18 oncology nurses purposively selected from several hospitals in Iran. Data were gathered via in-depth semistructured interviews and analyzed via the conventional content analysis method proposed by Graneheim and Lundman. Lincoln and Guba's criteria were used to ensure trustworthiness. CONCLUSION The four categories of the contributing factors to oncology nurses' grief experience were exposure to patients' painful death, depressing work atmosphere, knowing the heavy financial burden of cancer for patients, and patients' helplessness in the healthcare system. Oncology nurses experience deep grief due to a wide range of personal, professional, environmental, and sociocultural factors. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE The findings of this study can be used to better understand the contributing factors to grief experience among oncology nurses, determine their needs, and develop strategies to strongly support them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elahe Erami
- PhD Candidate in Nursing, Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mohsen Taghadosi
- Associate Professor of Nursing Education, Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Trauma Nursing Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
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Hurissa BF, Koricha ZB, Dadi LS. Effect of empathy training on the empathy level of healthcare providers in Ethiopia: a cluster randomized controlled trial. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1091605. [PMID: 37284470 PMCID: PMC10239930 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1091605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Empathy has deteriorated throughout clinical training and medical practice, and little is known about the effect of empathy training on the empathy level of healthcare providers. To address this gap, we assessed the effect of empathy training on the empathy level of healthcare providers in Ethiopia. Design A cluster randomized controlled trial study design was conducted from 20 December 2021 to 20 March 2022. The empathy training intervention was conducted for three consecutive days. Setting The study was conducted in five fistula treatment centers in Ethiopia. Participants The participants were all randomly selected healthcare providers. Main outcome measures Total mean score, percentage changes, and Cohen's effect size were computed. A linear mixed effects model and independent t-test were used for data analysis. Results A majority of the study participants were nurses in the profession, married, and first-degree holders. There was no statistically significant difference in the baseline empathy score of the intervention arm across their socio-demographic features. At the baseline, the mean empathy scores of the control and intervention arms were 102.10 ± 15.38 and 101.13 ± 17.67, respectively. The effect of empathy training on the total mean score changes of empathy of the intervention arm compared to the control arm at each follow-up time had a statistically significant difference. After a week, a month, and three months of post-intervention, the total mean empathy scores between the intervention and control arms were as follows: (intervention 112.65 ± 18.99, control 102.85 ± 15.65, d = 0.55, p = 0.03); (intervention 109.01 ± 17.79, control 100.52 ± 12.57, d = 0.53, p = 0.034); and (intervention 106.28 ± 16.24, control 96.58 ± 14.69, d = 0.60, p = 0.016) with the overall percentage changes of 11, 8, and 5% from the baseline scores, respectively. Conclusion In this trial, the empathy training intervention was found to have more than a medium effect size. However, over the follow-up intervals, there was a decreasing trend in the total mean empathy scores of healthcare providers; suggesting that there should be continued empathy training and integration of it into educational and training curriculums to enhance and sustain the empathy of healthcare providers.Clinical Trial Registration: Pan African Clinical Trial Registry: http://www.edctp.org/panafrican-clinical-trials-registry or https://pactr.samrc.ac.za, PACTR202112564898934.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zewdie Birhanu Koricha
- Department of Health, Behavior, and Society, Faculty of Public Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Lelisa Sena Dadi
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
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Ziarat HM, Seyedfatemi N, Mardani-Hamooleh M, Farahani MA, Vedadhir A. Nursing in oncology ward with intertwined roles: a focused ethnography. BMC Nurs 2023; 22:83. [PMID: 36964551 PMCID: PMC10036964 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-023-01250-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Characteristics of nursing care in the oncology ward depend on this ward's specific context. This study aimed to investigate the nursing care in the oncology ward regarding the culture of this ward. METHODS This qualitative study was conducted in an oncology ward using a focused ethnographic approach. The whole nursing team of the selected ward (N = 16) participated in the study through purposeful sampling. Three methods of observation, interview, and field documents were used for data collection. Data were analyzed by Spradley's (1980) ethnographic method. RESULTS 'Nursing in the oncology ward with intertwined roles' emerged as the main theme. This theme included the following subthemes: 'Robin Hood nurse,' 'a secretive nurse,' 'a negligent nurse,' 'a snitching nurse,' 'a complaining nurse,' 'an apathetic senior nurse,' 'a stigmatized training nurse,' 'a brazen-bodied nurse,' 'a compassionate nurse,' 'a moonlighting nurse,' and 'a drug bartender.' CONCLUSION This study provided a deep cultural insight into nursing care in the oncology ward, considering the particular culture of this ward and emphasizing the nurses' intertwined roles. These roles are on a spectrum, with positive roles, such as compassion, on one side and negative roles, such as negligence, on the other. The results of this study can be provided to nursing managers; therefore, by being aware of nurses' roles considering the specific subculture of the oncology ward, they can provide psychological interventions to improve the mental health of reluctant and complaining nurses and ethics-based training for secretive, negligent, and snitching nurses to provide quality care to the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadiseh Monadi Ziarat
- Department of Nursing, Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Naima Seyedfatemi
- Department of Nursing, Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marjan Mardani-Hamooleh
- Department of Nursing, Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Zafar Str, Vanak Sq, PO Box 1419733171, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mansoureh Ashghali Farahani
- Department of Nursing, Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Duque-Ortiz C, Tirado-Otalvaro AF, Guarín-Cardona LF. Vivencia de la espiritualidad en el paciente con cáncer en quimioterapia ambulatoria. REVISTA CIENCIA Y CUIDADO 2023. [DOI: 10.22463/17949831.3360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Objetivo: Analizar la vivencia de la espiritualidad en el paciente con cáncer en tratamiento con quimioterapia ambulatoria. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó una investigación cualitativa con enfoque histórico hermenéutico. Participaron seis personas con diagnóstico de cáncer que se encontraban en tratamiento de quimioterapia ambulatoria en tres centros asistenciales de la ciudad de Medellín, Colombia entre julio de 2020 y julio de 2021. La información se recolectó a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas. El proceso de análisis se realizó utilizando técnicas de la teoría fundamentada de Strauss y Corbin, tales como: microanálisis, codificación abierta, codificación axial y comparación constante. Resultado: La forma como los pacientes con cáncer en tratamiento de quimioterapia ambulatoria viven la espiritualidad se representa a través de las siguientes categorías: “Emociones vividas durante el tratamiento como impulso para seguir adelante”, “Las redes de apoyo, una fuente de fortaleza y esperanza”, “El cáncer, una prueba divina entre las limitaciones y el aprendizaje”, “La empatía del personal de salud, un mecanismo para afrontar la enfermedad y generar bienestar” y “La espiritualidad, una fuerza que cambia la perspectiva de la enfermedad”. Conclusiones: Pese a la connotación negativa del diagnóstico de cáncer, la dimensión espiritual en el paciente con cáncer en tratamiento de quimioterapia ambulatoria contribuye a que la persona vea la enfermedad desde una perspectiva positiva, aumente la fe y la esperanza para continuar luchando, le dé un sentido de que todo ha valido la pena, permite ver más allá y proporciona tranquilidad para enfrentar las adversidades ocasionadas por el cáncer.
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Solera-Gómez S, Benedito-Monleón A, LLinares-Insa LI, Sancho-Cantus D, Navarro-Illana E. Educational Needs in Oncology Nursing: A Scoping Review. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:2494. [PMID: 36554019 PMCID: PMC9778242 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10122494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Care in oncology requires both technical and psychosocial skills by nursing staff, so continuous learning is necessary. Evidence suggests there are some educational gaps in oncology nursing staff, and continuing educational interventions have been effective in overcoming these deficiencies. Aim: to determine the basic educational lines that a continuous training program should have for oncology nurses. A bibliographic review study was carried out in two phases from October 2020 to January 2021. In a first phase, the main databases were analyzed: PubMed, Web of Science, Dialnet and Medline, following the PRISMA methodology; and subsequently, an analysis of the most important thematic nuclei that a training program in cancer nursing should contain. The DAFO matrix and the Hanlon prioritization method were used. Four competencies that every oncology nurse should have were described: communication, coping, self-direction of learning and technical health. The thematic contents that a training program should contain were then determined, and aspects such as stress prevention and burnout, adequate communication with patient and family, and continuous educational and technical skills were considered. The results found suggest that there are deficiencies in the education of nursing staff. Continuing education programs are effective in supplementing them. They should develop the four skills described in the results section.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - David Sancho-Cantus
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Catholic University of Valencia, 46600 Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Esther Navarro-Illana
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Catholic University of Valencia, 46600 Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Salminen‐Tuomaala M, Seppälä S. Hospital nurses' experiences and expectations of compassion and compassionate leadership. Scand J Caring Sci 2022; 37:486-495. [PMID: 36349683 DOI: 10.1111/scs.13132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND AIM Nurses caring for critically ill patients need compassionate attention and support, especially during exceptional times. The aim of this study was to provide a trustworthy description of nurses' experiences and expectations for compassionate leadership and compassion at a central hospital in Finland. The study was conducted during the early stage of the coronavirus 2019 pandemic. ETHICAL ISSUES AND APPROVAL The voluntary nature and anonymity of the survey were stressed in the cover letter, to make sure that participants did not perceive any undue influence caused by participating in the study. METHODS The participants were 50 intensive care and emergency nurses of a central hospital. An online survey tool with open questions was used to collect data on the meaning of compassion and on nurses' experiences and expectations of compassion and compassionate leadership. Inductive content analysis was used to analyse the data. RESULTS The nurses reported a great variety of positive experiences of compassion, although the emphasis in this study seemed to be on the absence of compassion, especially in regard to leadership. The nurses expected individual attention and genuine physical and psychological presence from their immediate supervisors. STUDY LIMITATIONS One researcher analysed the data, which can cause some bias in the qualitative analysis. CONCLUSIONS Immediate supervisors express compassion by being physically present and by fostering an open dialogue. Compassion received from leaders and colleagues may be reproduced in patient contacts, which can increase patients' confidence and psychological safety. Participatory and simulation-based learning methods, which involve shared reflection, are recommended for compassionate leadership skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Salminen‐Tuomaala
- School of Health Care and Social Work, Seinäjoki University of Applied Sciences Seinäjoki Finland
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Zhou S, Wang Y. How negative anthropomorphic message framing and nostalgia enhance pro-environmental behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic in China: An SEM-NCA approach. Front Psychol 2022; 13:977381. [PMID: 36072047 PMCID: PMC9441880 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.977381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Although extensive research has been conducted on promoting pro-environmental behaviors among consumers, little is known about whether and how negative anthropomorphic message framing (NAMF) and nostalgia affect pro-environmental behavior. To provide a framework for explaining pro-environmental behavior, this study integrates protection motivation theory, the stimulus-organism-response model, and message framing. To create the model of the influences on pro-environmental behavior, NAMF was employed as the external stimulus; the sense of environmental responsibility, environmental empathy, perceived threat, and perceived vulnerability as the psychological and cognitive response factors; pro-environmental behavior as the final decision of consumers; and nostalgia as the moderating variable. An online questionnaire was distributed and 380 usable questionnaires were collected using convenience sampling and analyzed using two complementary approaches: partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) and necessary condition analysis (NCA). PLS-SEM results showed that pro-environmental behavior was significantly affected by NAMF (β = 0.313, t-value = 5.583), environmental responsibility (β = 0.207, t-value = 3.994), and perceived threats (β = 0.252, t-value = 4.889). Meanwhile, an increase in nostalgia increased the effect of NAMF and environmental responsibility on pro-environmental behavior. The NCA results revealed that NAMF (d = 0.108, p < 0.001) and perceived threat (d = 0.209, p < 0.001) were key factors of pro-environmental behavior. In addition, for high level of pro-environmental behavior (>80%), NAMF (12.1%) and perceived threat (39.6%) are required. Finally, we offer several suggestions based on the results of our empirical research. For example, marketing and service offerings should be tailored to the needs of masses with different nostalgic tendencies to enhance their pro-environmental behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhou
- School of Economics and Management, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China
- Asia Europe Institute, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- *Correspondence: Shuai Zhou
| | - Yibo Wang
- School of Economics and Management, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China
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Taleghani F, Farzi S, Yazdannik A, Esfahani MS. The shadow of paternalism on patient-centeredness in oncology nursing care: A barrier of health-care promotion. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2022; 11:126. [PMID: 35677286 PMCID: PMC9170218 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_793_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patient-centered care (PCC) is a key component of high-quality care. Given the different effects of cancer on patients, patient-centeredness is very important in oncology nursing care. The aim of this study was to explore nurses' perceptions of the patient-centered in oncology nursing care. MATERIALS AND METHODS This descriptive qualitative study was conducted in 2018-2020, Iran. Data collection methods included observation and semi-structured interviews. Patient, family, and nurse behaviors were observed (total: 318 h). In addition, interviews were conducted with nurses and nursing managers (12 interviews). Data analysis was performed using Graneheim and Lundman's approach. RESULTS Data analysis resulted in the emergence of four themes: "Organizational structure as a barrier to the PCC," "Lack of institutionalization of PCC in nurses," "Understanding and paying attention to the patient as PCC," and "Situational PCC." The final theme of this study is "PCC in the shadow of paternalism." CONCLUSIONS The paternalism approach in the context of oncology nursing care has made the realization of PCC difficult. The first step to promote PCC is increasing nurses' awareness of the impact of paternalism on patient-centeredness. Providing patient-centered oncology nursing care requires changing attitudes, values, and behaviors at individual, professional, and organizational levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariba Taleghani
- Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Saba Farzi
- Student Research Center, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ahmadreza Yazdannik
- Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mehran Sharifi Esfahani
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Cancer Prevention Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Salminen-Tuomaala M, Seppälä S. NURSES' RATINGS OF COMPASSIONATE NURSING LEADERSHIP DURING THE COVID -19 PANDEMIC - A DESCRIPTIVE CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY. J Nurs Manag 2022; 30:1974-1980. [PMID: 35478468 PMCID: PMC9115229 DOI: 10.1111/jonm.13642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Aim The aim of this study is to investigate how intensive and emergency nurses rated the adequacy of compassionate leadership during the early stages of the Covid‐19 pandemic. Background The pandemic has resulted in nurses' increased stress and need for compassion from leaders. Compassionate leadership is here defined as a number of leadership practices based on altruistic values and emotional intelligence. Method This is a quantitative descriptive cross‐sectional study based on a questionnaire for 50 intensive and emergency care nurses in a central hospital in Finland. Results The pandemic had increased nurses' need for compassion, but their needs for support had not been met and their strengths and competence appreciated sufficiently. They agreed that compassionate leadership could be developed through experience and personal development rather than through education. Conclusion Compassionate leadership is a process that involves a number of leadership practices based on altruistic values and emotional intelligence and benefits from recognition and use of employee strengths. Leaders and employees could benefit from simulation‐based learning, work supervision and discussion led by external facilitators. Implications for Nursing Management Compassionate leadership involves approachability, genuine presence and listening, which could be developed through work‐based learning combined with reflection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Salminen-Tuomaala
- Principal Lecturer, Seinäjoki University of Applied Sciences, School of Health Care and Social Work, Finland
| | - Satu Seppälä
- Master of Social Services and Health Care, Advanced Practice Nursing, Seinäjoki Central Hospital, Finland
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Shi H, Shan B, Zheng J, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Hu X. Grief as a mediator of the relationship between empathy and compassion fatigue. Psychooncology 2022; 31:840-847. [PMID: 34997672 DOI: 10.1002/pon.5875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Oncology nurses are at high risk of developing compassion fatigue (CF) because of the persistent exposure to patients' suffering and death. Empathy is a prerequisite cognitive reaction for CF. Nurses with greater empathy levels are more prone to develop an emotional connection with patients. However, it is this kind of close bonds that led nurses to experience a deep sense of grief. Cumulative grief may eventually develop into CF. This study examined the levels of grief, empathy and CF, evaluated the correlation among empathy, grief and CF, and verified the role grief as a mediator of the relationship between empathy and CF. METHODS Participants were 794 Chinese oncology nurses in a cross-sectional study. We measures consisted a demographic questionnaire, the Interpersonal Reactivity Index, the Texas Revised Inventory of Grief-Present, and the Professional Quality of Life Scale. RESULTS Oncology nurses showed moderate levels of empathy and grief, moderate to high levels of CF. Perspective taking was negatively related to grief and secondary traumatic stress (STS). Empathic concern was negatively related to burnout (BO). Personal distress was positively related to grief, STS and BO. Grief was positively related to STS and BO. Grief played a partial mediating role between empathy and STS. CONCLUSIONS Oncology nurses commonly experience CF. There is a need to provide interventions and effective supports for oncology nurses to improve their empathy ability, and help them cope with grief and CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongrui Shi
- West China School of Nursing/West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Nursing, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China.,Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Baifeng Shan
- Department of Clinical Lab, Blood Centre of Taiyuan City, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jianzhong Zheng
- Department of Nursing, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Nursing, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Nursing, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China
| | - Xiuying Hu
- Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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14
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Arda Sürücü H, Anuş Topdemir E, Baksi A, Büyükkaya Besen D. Empathic approach to reducing the negative attitudes of nursing undergraduate students towards cancer. NURSE EDUCATION TODAY 2021; 105:105039. [PMID: 34245957 DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2021.105039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In cases where even professional nurses have difficulty in giving care to cancer patients, student nurses may not be able to provide adequate care and sometimes develop a negative behavior or attitude towards this patient group. OBJECTIVES The purpose of the study was to examine the relationship between the attitudes of nursing undergraduate students towards cancer and the empathic approach. DESIGN The study was carried out using the cross-sectional research design. SETTINGS A university located in the southeast of Turkey between November-December 2020. PARTICIPANTS Nursing students from one Turkey nursing school. METHODS The research data were collected using the Personal Information Form, Questionnaire for Measuring Attitudes towards Cancer (Cancer Stigma) (QMAC) - Community Version, and Jefferson's Empathy Scale for Nursing Students (JESNS). RESULTS 240 students volunteered to participate in the study, and the rate of the students' response to the questionnaires was 52%. Of all the nursing students, 66.2% of them were female; 45.4% had a moderate perception of their economic status; 94.2% had no chronic disease; 90.4% had no family history regarding cancer; 67.9% had never been in an oncology clinic, and 59.2 of them had received training on empathy. When nursing students' attitudes towards cancer were examined, it was seen that empathic approach (β = -0.291; p < .01) and chronic disease treatment received (β = 0.174; p = .005) were found to be significant predictors. CONCLUSIONS The results revealed that the nursing undergraduate students' negative perception of cancer decreased as their empathic skills increased. In addition, the students' receiving treatment for chronic diseases increased their negative perception of cancer. In order to reduce the negative attitudes of nursing students towards cancer, more trainings, lectures and seminars or clinical skills training regarding the development of empathic skills could be included in the undergraduate nursing curriculum.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Altun Baksi
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
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15
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Learning from COVID-19: Infectious Disease Vulnerability Promotes Pro-Environmental Behaviors. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18168687. [PMID: 34444436 PMCID: PMC8392635 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Environmental problems, such as climate change, pollution, and environmental degradation, are important contributors to the spread of infectious diseases, such as COVID-19 and SARS. For instance, a greater concentration of ambient NO2 was associated with faster transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which causes COVID-19. However, it remains unclear whether outbreaks of infectious diseases arouse individuals' concern on the need to protect the environment and therefore promote more pro-environmental behaviors. To this end, we examined the relationship between infectious disease vulnerability and pro-environmental behaviors using data from a cross-societal survey (N = 53 societies) and an experiment (N = 214 individuals). At both the societal and the individual levels, infectious disease vulnerability increased pro-environmental behaviors. At the societal level, this relationship was mediated by citizens' level of environmental concern. At the individual level, the relationship was mediated by empathy. The findings show that infectious disease vulnerability is conducive to pro-environmental behaviors.
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16
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Sanders JJ, Dubey M, Hall JA, Catzen HZ, Blanch-Hartigan D, Schwartz R. What is empathy? Oncology patient perspectives on empathic clinician behaviors. Cancer 2021; 127:4258-4265. [PMID: 34351620 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.33834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oncology patients and physicians value empathy because of its association with improved health outcomes. Common measures of empathy lack consistency and were developed without direct input from patients. Because of their intense engagement with health care systems, oncology patients may have unique perspectives on what behaviors signal empathy in a clinical setting. METHODS As part of a cross-sectional study of patient perspectives on clinician empathy at an academic cancer center in the northeastern United States, the authors solicited up to 10 free-text responses to an open-ended question about what clinician behaviors define empathy. RESULTS The authors categorized open-ended responses from 89 oncology patients into 5 categories representing 14 themes. These categories were relationship sensitivity, focus on the whole person, communication, clinician attributes, and institutional resources and care processes. Frequently represented themes, including listening, understanding, and attention to emotions and what matters most, aligned with existing measures of empathy; behaviors that were not well represented among existing measures included qualities of information sharing and other communication elements. Patients also associated clinician demeanor, accessibility, and competence with empathy. CONCLUSIONS Oncology patients' perspectives on empathy highlight clinician behaviors and attributes that may help to refine patient experience measures and may be adopted by clinicians and cancer centers to enhance patient care and outcomes. High-quality communication skills training can promote active listening and paying attention to the whole person. A system-level focus on delivering empathic care may improve patients' experiences and outcomes. LAY SUMMARY Oncology patients' responses to an open-ended question about empathic clinician behavior have revealed insights into a variety of behaviors that are perceived as demonstrative of empathy. These include behaviors that imply sensitivity to the clinician-patient relationship, such as listening and understanding and attention to the whole person. Participants valued caring communication and demeanor and clinician accessibility. Perspective taking was not common among answers. Many existing measures of clinical care quality do not include the behaviors cited by patients as empathic. These results can inform efforts to refine quality measures of empathy-associated behaviors in clinical practice. Cancer centers can use skills training to improve elements of communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin J Sanders
- Department of Psychosocial Oncology and Palliative Care, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Manisha Dubey
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Judith A Hall
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hannah Z Catzen
- Department of Psychosocial Oncology and Palliative Care, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | - Rachel Schwartz
- WellMD and WellPhD Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
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17
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AKIN B, YILMAZ S, ALAKAŞ E. The Relation Between Emphatic Tendency and Level of Compassion in the Midwifery Students. CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.33808/clinexphealthsci.785324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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18
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Hi Çdurmaz D, Üzar-Özçetin YS. "Now I keep my feet on the ground. Earlier, I was arrogant and felt too big for my boots." Perspectives of people with cancer and oncology nurses on the psychological empowerment process. Eur J Oncol Nurs 2020; 49:101862. [PMID: 33137693 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejon.2020.101862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE A deeper understanding of the psychological empowerment process of people with cancer can provide improved practical strategies for healthcare professionals to assist the patients in maintaining hope and overcoming difficulties. This study aimed to describe, interpret, and understand the phenomenon of the psychological empowerment process related to cancer from the perspectives of people with cancer and oncology nurses. METHOD The present descriptive qualitative design study was conducted between May 2017 and August 2017, in the oncology clinics of a university hospital. A purposive sampling method was applied to recruit adult patients diagnosed with different types and stages of cancer. The semi-structured interviews were conducted with thirteen patients and sixteen nurses. The data were transcribed, themes were identified, and the COREQ (Consolidated criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research) Checklist was used to ensure quality reporting in this study. RESULTS This study categorized quotes of patients and nurses into four main themes including "gains and losses", "meaning of life", "presence and contact", and "need to be understood". Both patients and nurses shared similar thoughts toward the factors associated with the psychological empowerment process during the cancer experience. CONCLUSION Being aware of patients' requirements along with raising effective support to help them grow stronger while preventing the disparity between the support that patients require and receive are some of the aspects that need to be considered for the provision and organization of healthcare services related to the psychological empowerment of people with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Hi Çdurmaz
- Hacettepe University Faculty of Nursing, Psychiatric Nursing Department, 06100, Sıhhiye, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Yeter Sinem Üzar-Özçetin
- Hacettepe University Faculty of Nursing, Psychiatric Nursing Department, 06100, Sıhhiye, Ankara, Turkey.
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Ahmadian Yazdi N, Soltani Arabshahi K, Bigdeli S, Ghaffarifar S. Challenges in promoting clinical empathy skills in medical students: A content analysis study. Med J Islam Repub Iran 2020; 33:104. [PMID: 31934564 PMCID: PMC6946919 DOI: 10.34171/mjiri.33.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Empathy is a key clinical skill in the medical profession, and many studies have reported a decline in it among medical students during their years of education; especially, in the clinical stage, and this affective decline persists in the physician-hood. This study aimed to explore the participants' perceptions about challenges for promoting clinical empathy in training stages. Methods: A qualitative design using content analysis was applied. Semi-structured interviews were applied to obtain data. Individual interviews were conducted with 14 interns and six clinical professors. The data were analyzed through conventional content analysis and the credibility, trustworthiness, and conformability of the data were confirmed. Results: Data analysis led to the extraction of two main categories, including overt and covert challenges, and also four categories and nine sub-categories. Conclusion: Resolving clinical empathy challenges in medical students requires financial and human resources, and training on the principles of effective doctor-patient interactions. Furthermore, professionalism should be strengthened in professors, and both official and hidden curricula should be revised accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Ahmadian Yazdi
- Department of Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamran Soltani Arabshahi
- Department of Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Center for Educational Research in Medical Sciences (CERMS), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shoaleh Bigdeli
- Center for Educational Research in Medical Sciences (CERMS), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeideh Ghaffarifar
- Medical Education Research Center, Health Management and Safety Promotion Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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20
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Wentzel D, Collins A, Brysiewicz P. Describing compassion fatigue from the perspective of oncology nurses in Durban, South Africa. Health SA 2020; 24:1279. [PMID: 31934438 PMCID: PMC6917444 DOI: 10.4102/hsag.v24i0.1279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Caring for cancer patients can take a toll on the emotional health of oncology nurses, which may lead to compassion fatigue, resulting in decreased quality of nursing care, absenteeism and decreased retention of staff. Aim The aim of this study was to describe compassion fatigue from the perspective of oncology nurses. This study is part of a larger mixed-methods action research study to develop an in-facility intervention to manage compassion fatigue in oncology nurses. Setting This study was conducted at Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Methods The research setting comprised one state hospital (with oncology clinics and wards), a private hospital (with oncology wards) and a hospice in Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Semi-structured individual interviews (guided by Figley’s Compassion Fatigue Process, 2005) were conducted with eight participants. Data were analysed using manifest content analysis. Results Five categories emerged from the data, namely, emotional connection, emotional fatigue, emotional loss, blurring boundaries and acceptance. Conclusion The findings revealed that oncology nurses are affected emotionally in caring for their patients, thus making them prone to compassion fatigue. Oncology nurses need to acknowledge compassion fatigue and be able to self-reflect on how they are managing (both positively and negatively) with the stressors encountered in the oncology wards or units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorien Wentzel
- School of Nursing and Public Health, Nursing University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Anthony Collins
- School of Fine Art, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Petra Brysiewicz
- School of Nursing and Public Health, Nursing University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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21
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Pérez-Fuentes MDC, Jurado MDMM, Gázquez Linares JJ. Explanatory Value of General Self-Efficacy, Empathy and Emotional Intelligence in Overall Self-Esteem of Healthcare Professionals. SOCIAL WORK IN PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 34:318-329. [PMID: 31035855 DOI: 10.1080/19371918.2019.1606752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We analyze the explanatory value of individual variables such as self-efficacy, empathy and Emotional Intelligence for self-esteem in a sample of healthcare workers, and identicare the variables with the most explanatory value for overall self-esteem. A total of 386 healthcare professionals participated in this study (nursing, Certified Nursing Assistants, physicians and physiotherapists). In all the healthcare professionals, Mood, a dimension of Emotional Intelligence, and Self-Efficacy are predictors of self-esteem. This study showed that Self-Efficacy, Empathy and Emotional Intelligence have a significant positive relationship with Self-Esteem. The results have important practical implications for to promote the worker's wellbeing and health.
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22
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Ahmadian Yazdi N, Bigdeli S, Soltani Arabshahi SK, Ghaffarifar S. The influence of role-modeling on clinical empathy of medical interns: A qualitative study. JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MEDICAL EDUCATION & PROFESSIONALISM 2019; 7:35-41. [PMID: 30697547 PMCID: PMC6341453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Clinical empathy ascertains the quality of doctor-patient relationship and entails beneficial outcomes for both parties. Role-modeling is a major factor in promoting clinical empathy skills of medical students. The present study attempted to explain the importance of role-modeling in clinical empathy of medical interns. It was also intended to obtain a better and more profound understanding of the subject based on the experiences of medical interns. METHODS In this qualitative conventional content analysis, semi-structured individual interviews were conducted with 14 medical interns and 6 clinical professors. The participants were selected by purposive sampling. All interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed. Trustworthiness, credibility, and confirmability of the data were confirmed. RESULTS Data analysis led to the emergence of a theme called role-modeling, and two subcategories: "advertent role-modeling" and "inadvertent role-modeling". Advertent role-modeling included "influenced by the charismatic personality of professors", "critique of faculty members' communicative behaviors with patients", and "observation of the faculty members' performance". Inadvertent role-modeling included "crystallization of human values in communication behaviors" and "compliance with hierarchical behavior". CONCLUSION Role-modeling was the main theme of the present study. To improve clinical empathy skills, particular attention should be paid to role-modeling. Informing clinical professors and medical students on role-modeling, strengthening students' empathetic behaviors by role model professors, and recruitment of professors with strong communication skills are among the recommended strategies of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Ahmadian Yazdi
- Center For Educational Research in Medical Sciences (CERMS), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shoaleh Bigdeli
- Center For Educational Research in Medical Sciences (CERMS), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Kamran Soltani Arabshahi
- Center For Educational Research in Medical Sciences (CERMS), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeideh Ghaffarifar
- Medical Education Research Center, Health Management and Safety Promotion Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Ahmadian Yazdi N, Bigdeli S, Soltani Arabshahi SK, Ghaffarifar S. The influence of role-modeling on clinical empathy of medical interns: A qualitative study. JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MEDICAL EDUCATION & PROFESSIONALISM 2019; 7:35-41. [PMID: 30697547 PMCID: PMC6341453 DOI: 10.30476/jamp.2019.41043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Clinical empathy ascertains the quality of doctor-patient relationship and entails beneficial outcomes for both parties. Role-modeling is a major factor in promoting clinical empathy skills of medical students. The present study attempted to explain the importance of role-modeling in clinical empathy of medical interns. It was also intended to obtain a better and more profound understanding of the subject based on the experiences of medical interns. METHODS In this qualitative conventional content analysis, semi-structured individual interviews were conducted with 14 medical interns and 6 clinical professors. The participants were selected by purposive sampling. All interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed. Trustworthiness, credibility, and confirmability of the data were confirmed. RESULTS Data analysis led to the emergence of a theme called role-modeling, and two subcategories: "advertent role-modeling" and "inadvertent role-modeling". Advertent role-modeling included "influenced by the charismatic personality of professors", "critique of faculty members' communicative behaviors with patients", and "observation of the faculty members' performance". Inadvertent role-modeling included "crystallization of human values in communication behaviors" and "compliance with hierarchical behavior". CONCLUSION Role-modeling was the main theme of the present study. To improve clinical empathy skills, particular attention should be paid to role-modeling. Informing clinical professors and medical students on role-modeling, strengthening students' empathetic behaviors by role model professors, and recruitment of professors with strong communication skills are among the recommended strategies of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Ahmadian Yazdi
- Center For Educational Research in Medical Sciences (CERMS), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shoaleh Bigdeli
- Center For Educational Research in Medical Sciences (CERMS), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Kamran Soltani Arabshahi
- Center For Educational Research in Medical Sciences (CERMS), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeideh Ghaffarifar
- Medical Education Research Center, Health Management and Safety Promotion Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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