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Wang H, Kong L, Zhang C, Chen D, Zhu H, Yu J. Should all breast cancer patients with four or more positive lymph nodes who underwent modified radical mastectomy be treated with postoperative radiotherapy? A population-based study. Oncotarget 2018; 7:75492-75502. [PMID: 27690343 PMCID: PMC5342755 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Postmastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT) has become a standard adjuvant postoperative therapy for breast cancer patients with four or more positive lymph nodes. However, some studies have demonstrated that some subgroups of the breast cancer patients with four or more positive lymph nodes did not benefit substantially from PMRT. Therefore, it is of great necessity to identify whether all breast cancer patients with four or more positive lymph nodes who underwent modified radical mastectomy be treated with PMRT. In our study, we first established a prognostic model using the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database between 1998 and 2001. Univariate and multivariate Cox models were used to assess the prognostic factors, and five risk factors individually associated with prognosis including AJCC stage, AJCC T, Grade, ER status, PR status. Prognostic index of PMRT were defined as the number of risk factor (NRF). The NRF scores correlated well with overall survival of PMRT even if the patients were in the sub-poor prognosis group. Then the prognostic model was validated using the SEER database between 2006 and 2009, and the same results were obtained. In conclusion, different from others studies, our study demonstrated that all patients with four or more positive lymph nodes after modified radical mastectomy need to be treated with PMRT ever if the patients belonged to AJCC T4 in a poor prognosis group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyong Wang
- School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 250117, China
| | - Li Kong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 250117, China
| | - Chenyue Zhang
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Dawei Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 250117, China
| | - Hui Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 250117, China
| | - Jinming Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 250117, China
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Di Maggio FM, Minafra L, Forte GI, Cammarata FP, Lio D, Messa C, Gilardi MC, Bravatà V. Portrait of inflammatory response to ionizing radiation treatment. J Inflamm (Lond) 2015; 12:14. [PMID: 25705130 PMCID: PMC4336767 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-015-0058-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ionizing radiation (IR) activates both pro-and anti-proliferative signal pathways producing an imbalance in cell fate decision. IR is able to regulate several genes and factors involved in cell-cycle progression, survival and/or cell death, DNA repair and inflammation modulating an intracellular radiation-dependent response. Radiation therapy can modulate anti-tumour immune responses, modifying tumour and its microenvironment. In this review, we report how IR could stimulate inflammatory factors to affect cell fate via multiple pathways, describing their roles on gene expression regulation, fibrosis and invasive processes. Understanding the complex relationship between IR, inflammation and immune responses in cancer, opens up new avenues for radiation research and therapy in order to optimize and personalize radiation therapy treatment for each patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Maria Di Maggio
- />Department of Pathobiology and Medical and Forensic Biotechnologies, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- />IBFM CNR – LATO, Contrada Pietrapollastra Pisciotto, Cefalù, PA Italy
| | - Luigi Minafra
- />IBFM CNR – LATO, Contrada Pietrapollastra Pisciotto, Cefalù, PA Italy
| | - Giusi Irma Forte
- />IBFM CNR – LATO, Contrada Pietrapollastra Pisciotto, Cefalù, PA Italy
| | | | - Domenico Lio
- />Department of Pathobiology and Medical and Forensic Biotechnologies, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Cristina Messa
- />IBFM CNR – LATO, Contrada Pietrapollastra Pisciotto, Cefalù, PA Italy
- />Department of Health Sciences, Tecnomed Foundation, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- />Nuclear Medicine Center, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Maria Carla Gilardi
- />IBFM CNR – LATO, Contrada Pietrapollastra Pisciotto, Cefalù, PA Italy
- />Department of Health Sciences, Tecnomed Foundation, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- />Nuclear Medicine, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Bravatà
- />IBFM CNR – LATO, Contrada Pietrapollastra Pisciotto, Cefalù, PA Italy
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