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Jin YH, Lee J, Kim J, Sohn JH. Palladium-Catalyzed/Copper-Mediated Decarbonylative Cross-Coupling of S-Pyrimidyl Thioesters for Biaryl Synthesis. J Org Chem 2024; 89:9800-9809. [PMID: 38940361 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
A palladium-catalyzed/copper-mediated cross-coupling of S-pyrimidinyl thioesters with arylboronic acids to yield biaryls is described. The reaction is likely to proceed via cleavage of the S-C(O) bond and subsequent release of CO, rather than via cleavage of the S-C(pyrimidine) bond and release of SCO, as supported by the results of both experimental and computational studies. The investigation of the reaction scope with various S-pyrimidinyl thioesters and arylboronic acids showed that the reaction is significantly affected by the substituent of the thioester and the presence of a chelatable ortho substituent was found to increase reaction efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Hwa Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihong Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinwoo Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hun Sohn
- Department of Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
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2
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Gopireddy RR, Maruthapillai A, Mahapatra S. A Multi-Analyte LC-MS/MS Method for Determination and Quantification of Six Nitrosamine Impurities in Sartans like Azilsartan, Valsartan, Telmisartan, Olmesartan, Losartan and Irbesartan. J Chromatogr Sci 2024; 62:147-167. [PMID: 35830866 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmac059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive and robust method for determination and quantification of potential genotoxic impurities in sartans has been developed. These impurities need to be controlled at trace levels during quantification in drug substances and drug products for safe consumption. Recent regulatory requirements also suggested the need to have highly sensitive analytical method for trace level quantification of nitrosamine impurities. In this paper, we have described a simple, rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method for six potential genotoxic nitrosamine impurities: N-Nitroso dimethyl amine (NDMA), N-Nitroso diethyl amine (NDEA), N-Nitroso Ethyl Iso propylamine (NIPEA), N-Nitroso-Nmethyl-4-aminobutyric acid (NMBA) N-Nitroso diisopropylamino (NDIPA) and N-Nitroso dibutyl amine (NDBA) in Azilsartan (AZL), Valsartan (VAL), Telmisartan (TEL), Olmesartan (OLM), Losartan (LOS) and Irbesartan (IRB) with a limit of quantification of less than 0.003 ppm. Chromatographic separation is achieved using Poroshell HPH- C18, 150 × 4.6 mm, 2.7 μm column with 0.1% formic acid in water as mobile phase A and 0.1% formic acid in methanol as mobile phase B at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min using gradient mode of elution at a total run time of 20 min. Six nitrosamine impurities are ionized and quantified in positive mode of atmospheric pressure chemical ionization using multiple reaction monitoring. As per ICH guidelines, method validation is performed and evaluated the limit of quantification and detection and found to give good S/N ratios with good linearity range of 0.003-0.045 ppm with regression coefficient > 0.999 for all the six nitrosamine impurities. Method recoveries are also established using three-step sample preparation and are found to be satisfactory within 80-120%. The single method can be used routinely applied for the detection of nitrosamines in AZL, VAL, TEL, OLM, LOS and IRB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramana Reddy Gopireddy
- Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Sudarshan Mahapatra
- Research & Development, Encube Ethicals Pvt. Ltd., Steelmade Industrial Estate, Andheri (E), Mumbai 400059, India
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Sawant R, Suryawanshi S, Jadhav M, Barkate H, Bhushan S, Rane T. A Prospective, Randomized Open-Label Study for Assessment of Antihypertensive Effect of Telmisartan Versus Cilnidipine Using Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring (START ABPM Study). Cardiol Res 2023; 14:211-220. [PMID: 37304922 PMCID: PMC10257498 DOI: 10.14740/cr1476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The antihypertensive agent telmisartan is an angiotensin II receptor blocker with a terminal elimination half-life of 24 h and has a high lipophilicity, thereby enhancing its bioavailability. Another antihypertensive agent, cilnidipine is a calcium antagonist and has dual mode of action on the calcium channels. This study aimed at determining effect of these drugs on ambulatory blood pressure (BP) levels. Methods A randomized, open-label, single-center study was conducted during 2021 - 2022 on newly diagnosed adult patients with stage-I hypertension, in a mega city of India. Forty eligible patients were randomized to telmisartan (40 mg) and cilnidipine (10 mg) groups, with once daily dose administered for 56 consecutive days. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) (24 h) was performed pre- and post-treatment, and the ABPM-derived parameters were compared statistically. Results Statistically significant mean reductions were observed in all BP endpoints in telmisartan group but only in 24-h systolic blood pressure (SBP), daytime and nighttime SBP, and manual SBP and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in cilnidipine group. The mean change from baseline to day 56 between two treatment groups showed statistical significance in last 6-h SBP (P = 0.01) and DBP (P = 0.014), and morning SBP (P = 0.019) and DBP (P = 0.028). The percent nocturnal drop within and between groups was statistically nonsignificant. Also, the between group mean SBP and DBP smoothness index differed nonsignificantly. Conclusions Telmisartan and cilnidipine once daily were effective and well tolerated in the treatment of newly diagnosed stage-I hypertension. Telmisartan provided sustained 24-h BP control and may offer advantages over cilnidipine in terms of BP reductions, particularly over the 18- to 24-h post-dose period or critical early morning hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Sawant
- Hridaymitra Cardiac Clinic, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sachin Suryawanshi
- Department of Global Medical Affairs, Glenmark Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mayur Jadhav
- Department of Global Medical Affairs, Glenmark Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Hanmant Barkate
- Department of Global Medical Affairs, Glenmark Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sumit Bhushan
- Department of Global Medical Affairs, Glenmark Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Tanmay Rane
- Department of Global Medical Affairs, Glenmark Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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4
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New Stability Indicating RP-UPLC Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Telmisartan and Azelnidipine in Bulk and Combined Bilayer Film-Coated Tablet Dosage Form. Pharm Chem J 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-023-02826-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
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5
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RP-HPLC–PDA Approach for Concurrent Analysis of Telmisartan and Azelnidipine in Bulk and Commercial Tablets. CHEMISTRY AFRICA 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s42250-022-00483-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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6
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In Silico Drug Repurposing Framework Predicts Repaglinide, Agomelatine and Protokylol as TRPV1 Modulators with Analgesic Activity. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14122563. [PMID: 36559057 PMCID: PMC9781017 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pain is one of the most common symptoms experienced by patients. The use of current analgesics is limited by low efficacy and important side effects. Transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 (TRPV1) is a non-selective cation channel, activated by capsaicin, heat, low pH or pro-inflammatory agents. Since TRPV1 is a potential target for the development of novel analgesics due to its distribution and function, we aimed to develop an in silico drug repositioning framework to predict potential TRPV1 ligands among approved drugs as candidates for treating various types of pain. Structures of known TRPV1 agonists and antagonists were retrieved from ChEMBL databases and three datasets were established: agonists, antagonists and inactive molecules (pIC50 or pEC50 < 5 M). Structures of candidates for repurposing were retrieved from the DrugBank database. The curated active/inactive datasets were used to build and validate ligand-based predictive models using Bemis−Murcko structural scaffolds, plain ring systems, flexophore similarities and molecular descriptors. Further, molecular docking studies were performed on both active and inactive conformations of the TRPV1 channel to predict the binding affinities of repurposing candidates. Variables obtained from calculated scaffold-based activity scores, molecular descriptors criteria and molecular docking were used to build a multi-class neural network as an integrated machine learning algorithm to predict TRPV1 antagonists and agonists. The proposed predictive model had a higher accuracy for classifying TRPV1 agonists than antagonists, the ROC AUC values being 0.980 for predicting agonists, 0.972 for antagonists and 0.952 for inactive molecules. After screening the approved drugs with the validated algorithm, repaglinide (antidiabetic) and agomelatine (antidepressant) emerged as potential TRPV1 antagonists, and protokylol (bronchodilator) as an agonist. Further studies are required to confirm the predicted activity on TRPV1 and to assess the candidates’ efficacy in alleviating pain.
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Abraham G, Almeida A, Gaurav K, Khan MY, Patted UR, Kumaresan M. Reno protective role of amlodipine in patients with hypertensive chronic kidney disease. World J Nephrol 2022; 11:86-95. [PMID: 35733653 PMCID: PMC9160710 DOI: 10.5527/wjn.v11.i3.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and hypertension (HTN) are closely associated with an overlapping and intermingled cause and effect relationship. Decline in renal functions are usually associated with a rise in blood pressure (BP), and prolonged elevations in BP hasten the progression of kidney function decline. Regulation of HTN by normalizing the BP in an individual, thereby slowing the progression of kidney disease and reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease, can be effectively achieved by the anti-hypertensive use of calcium channel blockers (CCBs). Use of dihydropyridine CCBs such as amlodipine (ALM) in patients with CKD is an attractive option not only for controlling BP but also for safely improving patient outcomes. Vast clinical experiences with its use as monotherapy and/or in combination with other anti-hypertensives in varied conditions have demonstrated its superior qualities in effectively managing HTN in patients with CKD with minimal adverse effects. In comparison to other counterparts, ALM displays robust reduction in risk of cardiovascular endpoints, particularly stroke, and in patients with renal impairment. ALM with its longer half-life displays effective BP control over 24-h, thereby reducing the progression of end-stage-renal disease. In conclusion, compared to other classes of CCBs, ALM is an attractive choice for effectively managing HTN in CKD patients and improving the overall quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgi Abraham
- Department of Nephrology, MGM Healthcare, Nelson Manickam Road, Aminjikarai, Chennai 6300028, India
| | - A Almeida
- PD Hinduja Hospital and Medical Research Center, Almeida, A (reprint author), PD Hinduja, Hinduja Clin, Dept Med, Nephrol Sect, 2209 Veer Savarkar Marg, Bombay 400016, Maharashtra, Mumbai 400016, India
| | - Kumar Gaurav
- Medical Affairs, Dr. Reddys Labs, Hyderabad 500016, Telangana, India
| | | | - Usha Rani Patted
- Medical Affairs, Dr. Reddys Labs, Hyderabad 500016, Telangana, India
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Tam E, Reno C, Nguyen K, Cho S, Sweeney G. Importance of Autophagy in Mediating Cellular Responses to Iron Overload in Cardiomyocytes. Rev Cardiovasc Med 2022; 23:167. [PMID: 39077594 PMCID: PMC11273664 DOI: 10.31083/j.rcm2305167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Both iron overload and deficiency can promote development of cardiomyopathy. Advances in our knowledge from recent research have indicated numerous potential cellular mechanisms. Regulation of myocardial autophagy by iron is of particular interest and will be reviewed here. Autophagy is already well established to play a significant role in regulating the development of heart failure. This review will focus on regulation of autophagy by iron, crosstalk between autophagy and other cellular process which have also already been implicated in heart failure (oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress, ferroptosis) and the therapeutic potential of targeting these interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eddie Tam
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Chloe Reno
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Khang Nguyen
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Sungji Cho
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Gary Sweeney
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
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Sun MT, Wu TJ, Lin YK, Lin YP, Chang YC, Lin GM. Effects of Sacubitril/Valsartan Versus Telmisartan in Type 2 Diabetic or Pre-Diabetic Patients with Hypertension and Without Heart Failure: The Rationale and Design of A Randomized Clinical Trial. Cardiovasc Hematol Disord Drug Targets 2022; 22:CHDDT-EPUB-122422. [PMID: 35400328 DOI: 10.2174/1871529x22666220408223329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sacubitril/valsartan has revealed superior glycemic and blood pressure control compared with enalapril and irbesartan in patients with heart failure and type 2 diabetes and in individuals with chronic kidney disease. However, whether the effects of sacubitril/valsartan remain the same in those without heart failure is unknown. METHODS A multicenter randomized double-blinded trial will be carried out in five military hospitals in Taiwan for a period of 1 year. Participants with prior cardiovascular diseases and heart failure will be excluded. The purpose of the study is to compare the effects of sacubitril/valsartan (97/103 mg once or twice daily) on the temporal changes in fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, insulin resistance and blood pressure levels with telmisartan (40 mg once or twice daily) in individuals with stage 1-3 hypertension and newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes or prediabetes who have an HbA1c ≥6.0% and a systolic blood pressure ≥130 mmHg or a diastolic blood pressure ≥85 mmHg. The inclusion criteria include the age of 35-70 years, women who are not pregnant, estimated glomerular filtration rate ≥45 ml/min per 1.73m2 and B-type natriuretic peptide levels <400 pg/ml. RESULTS The sample size is estimated to be 502 participants for randomization according to an assumption of between-person standard deviation in systolic blood pressure of 15 mmHg or in HbA1c of 1.5%, which provides ≥80% power (at p =0.05) to detect a difference in systolic blood pressure of 4 mmHg or in HbA1c of 0.3% at the final follow-up. All participants will receive a comprehensive physical examination and tests for blood cell counts, blood biochemistry, urine analysis, 12-lead electrocardiography and an echocardiography every 3 months. CONCLUSION All analyses will be performed based on the intention-to-treat principle among all randomized participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Tsung Sun
- Department of Medicine, Hualien Armed Forces General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital; National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Jui Wu
- Department of Medicine, Hualien Armed Forces General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital; National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Kai Lin
- Department of Medicine, Hualien Armed Forces General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, Tri-Service General Hospital; National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Po Lin
- Department of Critical Medicine, Taipei Tzu-Chi Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Chen Chang
- Department of Nursing, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Gen-Min Lin
- Department of Medicine, Hualien Armed Forces General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital; National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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Prasad M K, Mohandas S, Ramkumar KM. Role of ER stress inhibitors in the management of diabetes. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 922:174893. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.174893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Aravindaraj N, Suresh J, Krishnaswami V, Alagarsamy S, Kandasamy R. Guar gum based oral films for hypertensive urgencies. Nat Prod Res 2022; 36:6470-6473. [PMID: 35167380 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2039919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Guar gum (GG) is a natural film forming biopolymer used as a drug delivery media for Telmisartan (TS). TS is a poorly water-soluble anti-hypertensive agent with low bioavailability.The present work has been hypothesized by converting TS into nanocrystals by high shear homogenisation to enhance the solubility thereby the bioavailability is expected to get enhanced. TS-NC-GG-OF was formulated by solvent casting method using GG by varying the disintegrant ratio.Telmisartan nanocrystals showed particle size of 441.70 ± 35.28 nm, surface charge of -20.86 ± 0.55 mV and reduced crystalline pattern. The amount of TS present per mg ofnanocrystals is 0.33 mg. The developed TS-NC-GG-OF was circular, creamy white colour with desired physicochemical properties. The in vitro release studies performed by beaker model showed an immediate release pattern.This proof of concept specifies that the TS-NC-GG-OF may be a better choice for hypertensive emergencies using the natural excipient Guar gum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirmal Aravindaraj
- Centre for Excellence in Nano bio-Translational Research (CENTRE), Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University College of Engineering, Anna University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jeseeta Suresh
- Centre for Excellence in Nano bio-Translational Research (CENTRE), Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University College of Engineering, Anna University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Venkateshwaran Krishnaswami
- Centre for Excellence in Nano bio-Translational Research (CENTRE), Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University College of Engineering, Anna University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shanmugarathinam Alagarsamy
- Centre for Excellence in Nano bio-Translational Research (CENTRE), Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University College of Engineering, Anna University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ruckmani Kandasamy
- Centre for Excellence in Nano bio-Translational Research (CENTRE), Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University College of Engineering, Anna University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
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Liu J, Su X, Nie Y, Zeng Z, Chen H. Dosing Time Matters? Nighttime vs. Daytime Administration of Nifedipine Gastrointestinal Therapeutic System (GITS) or Amlodipine on Non-dipper Hypertension: A Randomized Controlled Trial of NARRAS. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:755403. [PMID: 34912861 PMCID: PMC8666540 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.755403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Non-dipper hypertension is often characterized by a blunted decrease of nocturnal blood pressure (BP) and is associated with increased risk of target organ damage and cardiovascular (CV) events, while the optimal treatment strategy is yet to be established. This trial was designed to evaluate whether nocturnal BP reduction and arterial stiffness improvement differ from antihypertensive agents and time of administration. Methods: Young and middle-aged adults (18-65 years) with non-dipper hypertension were randomly assigned to nifedipine GITS (gastrointestinal therapeutic system) 30 mg or amlodipine besylate 5 mg once daily for 8 weeks, either taken in the morning or at night. Dose was doubled at 4-week if BP is not at goal. Twenty-four hour ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) and arterial stiffness were evaluated before and after 8 weeks of pharmacotherapy. The primary efficacy measure was the average nighttime systolic BP reduction. Results: A total of 98 non-dipper hypertensive patients (mean age 46.3 years) were randomized during Dec, 2016 and Dec, 2020, of whom 72 (73%) patients completed all ABPM and follow-up evaluations. Nighttime systolic BP significantly reduced at 8 weeks vs. baseline with nifedipine GITS or amlodipine, irrespective of dosing at nighttime (-9.9 vs -9.9 mmHg, P > 0.05) or daytime (-11.5 vs. -10.9 mmHg, P > 0.05). No difference was seen between these two agents, when combining the data of nighttime and daytime dosing together (-10.8 vs. -10.5 mmHg, respectively, P = 0.898). Daytime, 24-h systolic BP, diastolic BP at different time and pulse wave velocity reduced significantly and comparably, and recovery of dipping rhythm were similar among groups. Conclusion: Nighttime dosing of long-acting antihypertensive preparations, nifedipine GITS or amlodipine demonstrated similar effects on nocturnal BP reduction, dipping rhythm restoration and arterial elasticity improvement in younger subjects with non-dipper hypertension. These effects were comparable with morning dosing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofeng Su
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Nie
- Department of Internal Medicine, Beijing Jiaotong University Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihuan Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongyan Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, North China Electric Power University Hospital, Beijing, China
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Prem Kumar A, Ghorai A, Kriplani V, Dash RK, Aravinda J, Shamanna P, Sabeer TK, Hannan A, Abhyankar M, Revankar S. Clinical data analysis of telmisartan for hypertension management in Indian population. Bioinformation 2021; 17:652-659. [PMID: 35173388 PMCID: PMC8819792 DOI: 10.6026/97320630017652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
It is of interest to evaluate the clinical characteristics, treatment patterns, clinical effectiveness, and safety of telmisartan as a monotherapy or as part of combination therapy in Indian adults (>18 years old) with hypertension. All patients were receiving telmisartan as monotherapy, or as a combination therapy for hypertension management. Demographics, risk factors, existing comorbidity, and ongoing medical therapies were retrieved from the patients' medical records. A total of 8607 patients with hypertension (median age, 51.0 years) were part of the study. The gender distribution suggested, 5534(64.3%) patients were male, and 3073 (35.7%) were female patients. The excess salt intake (39.0%) was the most common risk factor according to the results. The analysis revealed telmisartan dual therapy (57.9%) as the most prescribed therapy, followed by monotherapy (32.5%), and triple therapy (9.6%). Further, telmisartan 40mg (21.3%) and telmisartan 40mg plus amlodipine 5mg (17.6%) were the most commonly prescribed therapies. The data suggested that only 17.2% of patients required dose titration. The mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (mmHg) were significantly decreased with monotherapy (mean change: 19.8 [15.1] mmHg and 8.8[8.2] mmHg), dual therapy (mean change: 23.7 [16.6] mmHg and 10.3[8.5] mmHg), and triple therapy (mean change: 28.6 [19.0] mmHg and 12.1[10.8] mmHg) after the treatment (P<0.001). A total of 98.4% of the patients were compliant, and 97.6% achieved the target blood pressure goal with telmisartan-based therapy. There were 157 adverse events reported altogether. The Physicians' global evaluation of efficacy and tolerability showed the majority of the patients receiving telmisartan-based therapy on a good to excellent scale. Telmisartan used as a monotherapeutic agent or as a part of combination therapy was successful and effective in reducing blood pressure and achieving the blood pressure target. Irrespective of the patient's age, duration, and stages of hypertension, the study resulted in a good to excellent scale in efficacy and tolerability in the Indian patients having hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Prem Kumar
- DiaPlus Clinic, Krishnammal Nagar, Fairlands, Salem, Tamilnadu- 636016, India
| | - Anirudra Ghorai
- Divine nursing home, Taljuli Dr. Dandapat Complex, Kharagpur, West Bengal - 721301, India
| | - Vasudev Kriplani
- Kriplani nursing Home, E-Ward, Tarabai Park, Kolhapur, Maharashtra - 416003,India
| | - Rabindra Kumar Dash
- Gupta Diagnostic and Research Centre, Deulasahi, Bhanjpur, Baripada, Odisha - 757001, India
| | - J Aravinda
- Dr.Aravind's Diabetes Center,No. 14 & 15, 7th Main, 3rd Block, 4th Stage, BasaveshwarNagar, Bengaluru, Karnataka-560079, India
| | - Paramesh Shamanna
- Bangalore Diabetes Centre, No.426, 4th Cross Rd, HBR Layout 2nd Block, Stage 1, Kalyan Nagar, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560043, India
| | - TK Sabeer
- Diacare, 2nd Floor, Chamber Plaza, Thayatheru Rd, Thayatheru, Thana, Kannur, Kerala-670002, India
| | - Abdul Hannan
- Dr. Hamdulay's Cardiac Rehabilitation Centre, 233/234,Bellasis Road, Junction, Nagpada, Mumbai - 400008, India
| | - Mahesh Abhyankar
- USV Private Limited, BSD Marg, Station Road, Deonar, Govandi East, Mumbai, Maharashtra - 400088, India
| | - Santosh Revankar
- USV Private Limited, BSD Marg, Station Road, Deonar, Govandi East, Mumbai, Maharashtra - 400088, India
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Hot-Melt Extruded Amorphous Solid Dispersion for Solubility, Stability, and Bioavailability Enhancement of Telmisartan. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14010073. [PMID: 33477557 PMCID: PMC7831136 DOI: 10.3390/ph14010073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Telmisartan (TEL, an antihypertensive drug) belongs to Class II of the Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS) because of its poor aqueous solubility. In this study, we enhanced the solubility, bioavailability, and stability of TEL through the fabrication of TEL-loaded pH-modulated solid dispersion (TEL pHM-SD) using hot-melt extrusion (HME) technology. We prepared different TEL pHM-SD formulations by varying the ratio of the drug (TEL, 10-60% w/w), the hydrophilic polymer (Soluplus®, 30-90% w/w), and pH-modifier (sodium carbonate, 0-10% w/w). More so, the tablets prepared from an optimized formulation (F8) showed a strikingly improved in vitro dissolution profile (~30-fold) compared to the free drug tablets. The conversion of crystalline TEL to its amorphous state is observed through solid-state characterizations. During the stability study, F8 tablets had a better stability profile compared to the commercial product with F8, showing higher drug content, low moisture content, and negligible physical changes. Moreover, compared to the TEL powder, in vivo pharmacokinetic studies in rats showed superior pharmacokinetic parameters, with maximum serum concentration (Cmax) and area under the drug concentration-time curve (AUC0-∞) of the TEL pHM-SD formulation increasing by 6.61- and 5.37-fold, respectively. Collectively, the results from the current study showed that the inclusion of a hydrophilic polymer, pH modulator, and the amorphization of crystalline drugs in solid dispersion prepared by HME can be an effective strategy to improve the solubility and bioavailability of hydrophobic drugs without compromising the drug's physical stability.
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Re-usage of the Waste Drug as Molecular Chemosensor for Fe 3+ Ion: Application towards Fluorescent Ink. J Fluoresc 2020; 30:1025-1033. [PMID: 32607735 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-020-02573-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Herein, a novel notion is used to reuse an expired drug namely Telmisartan (Sensor 2) to optically sense the Fe3+ metal ion. Direct re-usage of the drug avoided wearisome procedures of synthesis, hence proved the method as simple and economic. Sensor 2 found highly stable in the temperature range 25-75 °C. Relative fluorescence was almost the same even after 35 days of observation. There were no significant changes in wavelength even after adding different concentrations of FeCl3, which shows the high stability of the compound. The value of Limit of Detection (LOD) observed was 34.2 nM. FTIR studies confirmed the presence of carboxylic group. The method of fluorescence quenching was used to detect the Fe3+ ion. The association between Sensor 2 and Fe3+ was analyzed using Benesi-Hildebrand relation. Positive deviation from the linearity of S-V plots suggested that the quenching was not purely dynamic. Further, this deviation was analyzed by the sphere of action quenching model. To investigate whether the quenching is diffusion limited, we applied the finite sink approximation model and deduced that quenching is due to both static and dynamic processes. Due to the high fluorescence property of the molecule, it was successfully tested to be used as fluorescent ink.
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Xia X, Zhou C, He X, Liu C, Wang G, Sun X. The relationship between estrogen-induced phenotypic transformation and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle and hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:762. [PMID: 32647687 PMCID: PMC7333134 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-4567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background To explore the effect of estrogen on human cerebral vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and to clarify the molecular mechanism of estrogen inhibition of VSMC proliferation, which could provide an important reference basis for the clinical treatment of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage. Method Firstly, the effects of different concentrations of estradiol and estrogen receptor (ESR) blocker (tamoxifen) on the proliferation of human VSMCs and the expression of estrogen-related receptor gene (ESR: ESR1, ESR2, GPER), myocardin (MYOCD), serum reaction factor (SRF), and apoptosis gene caspase-3 were measured to discover the effect and mechanism of tamoxifen on the proliferation and apoptosis of VSMCs. Secondly, the effects of estradiol on human VSMCs treated with angiotensin II (Ang II) were observed by measuring the expression of vascular smooth muscle markers, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), SM22α, FLN, MCP-1, and TLR4. Results Estradiol inhibited the proliferation of VSMCs by upregulating the expression of ESR1, ESR2, and GPER and downregulating the expression of caspase-3, MYOCD, and SRF, thereby inhibiting the apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle. At the same time, tamoxifen had opposite effects. Angiotensin II decreased the expression of α-SMA and SM22α and promoted the expression of FLN, MCP-1, and TLR4 protein, while estrogen had the opposite effects. Conclusions Estrogen suppresses apoptosis by inhibiting the proliferation of human VSMCs and preventing it from changing from contractile to synthetic. Estrogen can further prevents vascular damage and regulate peripheral inflammatory reaction, thereby producing a protective effect on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Changlong Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Xuenong He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Guanyu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Xiaochuan Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing, Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
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Garg M, Manik G, Singhal A, Singh VK, Varshney RK, Sethi A. Efficacy and Safety of Azilsartan Medoxomil and Telmisartan in Hypertensive Patients: A Randomized, Assessor-Blinded Study. SAUDI JOURNAL OF MEDICINE & MEDICAL SCIENCES 2020; 8:87-94. [PMID: 32587489 PMCID: PMC7305670 DOI: 10.4103/sjmms.sjmms_19_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have compared the safety and efficacy of azilsartan medoxomil (AZL-M) and telmisartan in hypertensive patients, especially using ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM). OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety profile of AZL-M and telmisartan in hypertensive patients using ABPM and clinic blood pressure (BP) monitoring. MATERIALS AND METHODS This prospective, randomized, open-label, blinded endpoint, parallel-arm study included 700 patients, aged 18-70 years, with clinic and 24-h mean ambulatory systolic BP (SBP) of 150-180 mmHg and 130-170 mmHg, respectively. They were randomized equally into two groups: Group A received AZL-M 40 mg and Group T received telmisartan 40 mg; the dose was force titrated to 80 mg after 2 weeks if the response rate was not achieved. BP (clinical and ambulatory) was measured after 12 weeks and compared with baseline measurements. RESULTS AZL-M significantly reduced the 24-h mean ambulatory SBP (Group A: 112.74 ± 7.58 mmHg; Group T: 113.96 ± 8.52 mmHg; P < 0.0001) and diastolic BP (Group A: 71.39 ± 5.89 mmHg; Group T: 67.29 ± 6.79 mmHg; P < 0.0001) compared with telmisartan at week 12. The clinic SBP significantly decreased in Group A at weeks 4 (-30.69± -0.33 mmHg) and 12 (-39.69± -1.09 mmHg) (for both, P = 0.0001). Dose titration was done in 99 and 128 patients from Group A and Group T, respectively (P = 0.012). Headache was the most common adverse drug reaction (Group A: 21; Group T: 27) and fatigue the least. CONCLUSION This study found that AZL-M has greater antihypertensive efficacy than telmisartan, with comparable side effects. In addition, ABPM was shown to be a feasible method for such studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megha Garg
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Teerthanker Mahaveer College of Pharmacy, Teerthanker Mahaveer University, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Geetesh Manik
- Department of Cardiology, Teerthanker Mahaveer Hospital, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Alok Singhal
- Department of Medicine, Teerthanker Mahaveer Medical College, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - V. K. Singh
- Department of Medicine, Teerthanker Mahaveer Medical College, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rohit K. Varshney
- Department of Anaesthesia, Teerthanker Mahaveer Medical College, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Aseem Sethi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Indo-Soviet Friendship College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
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Ha ES, Kim JS, Lee SK, Sim WY, Jeong JS, Kim MS. Solubility and modeling of telmisartan in binary solvent mixtures of dichloromethane and (methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, or n-butanol) and its application to the preparation of nanoparticles using the supercritical antisolvent technique. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.111719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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19
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Wang Y, Xue J, Li Y, Zhou X, Qiao S, Han D. Telmisartan protects against high glucose/high lipid‐induced apoptosis and insulin secretion by reducing the oxidative and ER stress. Cell Biochem Funct 2019; 37:161-168. [PMID: 30907023 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of EndocrinologyThe First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University Taiyuan Shan Xi China
| | - Jingjing Xue
- Department of EndocrinologyThe First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University Taiyuan Shan Xi China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of EndocrinologyThe First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University Taiyuan Shan Xi China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of PathophysiologyShanxi Medical University Taiyuan Shan Xi China
| | - Shun Qiao
- Department of EndocrinologyThe First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University Taiyuan Shan Xi China
| | - Dewu Han
- Department of PathophysiologyShanxi Medical University Taiyuan Shan Xi China
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Kumar N, Goyal RN. A Simple and Highly Selective Determination of Telmisartan at Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Modified Pyrolytic Graphite Surface. ELECTROANAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201700764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Kumar
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee; Roorkee - 247 667 India
| | - Rajendra N. Goyal
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee; Roorkee - 247 667 India
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Luo Y, Zhao X, Zhou J, Yang J, Zhang Y, Kuang W, Peng J, Chen L, Zeng J. A network integration approach for drug-target interaction prediction and computational drug repositioning from heterogeneous information. Nat Commun 2017; 8:573. [PMID: 28924171 PMCID: PMC5603535 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00680-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 394] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of large-scale genomic, chemical and pharmacological data provides new opportunities for drug discovery and repositioning. In this work, we develop a computational pipeline, called DTINet, to predict novel drug-target interactions from a constructed heterogeneous network, which integrates diverse drug-related information. DTINet focuses on learning a low-dimensional vector representation of features, which accurately explains the topological properties of individual nodes in the heterogeneous network, and then makes prediction based on these representations via a vector space projection scheme. DTINet achieves substantial performance improvement over other state-of-the-art methods for drug-target interaction prediction. Moreover, we experimentally validate the novel interactions between three drugs and the cyclooxygenase proteins predicted by DTINet, and demonstrate the new potential applications of these identified cyclooxygenase inhibitors in preventing inflammatory diseases. These results indicate that DTINet can provide a practically useful tool for integrating heterogeneous information to predict new drug-target interactions and repurpose existing drugs.Network-based data integration for drug-target prediction is a promising avenue for drug repositioning, but performance is wanting. Here, the authors introduce DTINet, whose performance is enhanced in the face of noisy, incomplete and high-dimensional biological data by learning low-dimensional vector representations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunan Luo
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Xinbin Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jingtian Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jinglin Yang
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yanqing Zhang
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Wenhua Kuang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jian Peng
- Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
| | - Ligong Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Jianyang Zeng
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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KVANDOVÁ M, MAJZÚNOVÁ M, DOVINOVÁ I. The Role of PPARγ in Cardiovascular Diseases. Physiol Res 2016; 65:S343-S363. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) belong to the nuclear superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors. PPARγ acts as a nutrient sensor that regulates several homeostatic functions. Its disruption can lead to vascular pathologies, disorders of fatty acid/lipid metabolism and insulin resistance. PPARγ can modulate several signaling pathways connected with blood pressure regulation. Firstly, it affects the insulin signaling pathway and endothelial dysfunction by modulation of expression and/or phosphorylation of signaling molecules through the PI3K/Akt/eNOS or MAPK/ET-1 pathways. Secondly, it can modulate gene expression of the renin- angiotensin system – cascade proteins, which potentially slow down the progression of atherosclerosis and hypertension. Thirdly, it can modulate oxidative stress response either directly through PPAR or indirectly through Nrf2 activation. In this context, activation and functioning of PPARγ is very important in the regulation of several disorders such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension and/or metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - I. DOVINOVÁ
- Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Parati G, Schumacher H. Blood pressure variability over 24 h: prognostic implications and treatment perspectives. An assessment using the smoothness index with telmisartan–amlodipine monotherapy and combination. Hypertens Res 2013; 37:187-93. [DOI: 10.1038/hr.2013.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Revised: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Brain penetration of telmisartan, a unique centrally acting angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker, studied by PET in conscious rhesus macaques. Nucl Med Biol 2012; 39:1232-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2012.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2012] [Revised: 06/18/2012] [Accepted: 06/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Patel B, Parikh RH, Swarnkar D. Enhancement of dissolution of Telmisartan through use of solid dispersion technique - surface solid dispersion. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2012; 4:S64-8. [PMID: 23066211 PMCID: PMC3467836 DOI: 10.4103/0975-7406.94142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study was aimed to increase the solubility of the poorly water soluble drug Telmisartan by using Surface solid dispersion (SSD) made of polymers like Poloxamer 407, PEG 6000 by Solvent evaporation method. The drug was solubilized by surfactants and/or polymers then adsorbed onto the surface of extremely fine carriers to increase its surface area and to form the SSD which give the more Surface area for absorption of the drug. A 22 full factorial design was used to investigate for each carrier the joint influence of formulation variables: Amount of carrier and adsorbent. Saturation solubility studies shows the improvement in solubility of drug batch SSD 8 give more solubility improvement than the other batch, in-vitro dissolution of pure drug, physical mixtures and SSDs were carried out in that SSDs were found to be effective in increasing the dissolution rate of Telmisartan in form of SSD when compared to pure drug. Also FT-IR spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffractometry studies were carried out in order to characterize the drug and Surface solid dispersion. Furthermore, both DSC and X-ray diffraction showed a decrease in the melting enthalpy and reduced drug crystallinity consequently in SSDs. However, infrared spectroscopy revealed no drug interactions with the carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhumika Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Student and Faculty of Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology Education Campus Changa, Gujarat, India
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Rőszer T, Ricote M. PPARs in the Renal Regulation of Systemic Blood Pressure. PPAR Res 2010; 2010:698730. [PMID: 20613959 PMCID: PMC2896854 DOI: 10.1155/2010/698730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2009] [Revised: 02/24/2010] [Accepted: 03/31/2010] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent research has revealed roles for the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) family of transcription factors in blood pressure regulation, expanding the possible therapeutic use of PPAR ligands. PPARalpha and PPARgamma modulate the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), a major regulator of systemic blood pressure and interstitial fluid volume by transcriptional control of renin, angiotensinogen, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and angiotensin II receptor 1 (AT-R1). Blockade of RAAS is an important therapeutic target in hypertension management and attenuates microvascular damage, glomerular inflammation and left ventricular hypertrophy in hypertensive patients and also show antidiabetic effects. The mechanisms underlying the benefits of RAAS inhibition appear to involve PPARgamma-regulated pathways. This review summarizes current knowledge on the role of PPARs in the transcriptional control of the RAAS and the possible use of PPAR ligands in the treatment of RAAS dependent hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Rőszer
- Department of Regenerative Cardiology, Spanish National Cardiovascular Research Center (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Ricote
- Department of Regenerative Cardiology, Spanish National Cardiovascular Research Center (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Formosa V, Bellomo A, Iori A, Gianturco V, D'Ottavio E, Mancinella M, Lo Iacono C, Troisi G, Marigliano V. The treatment of hypertension with telmisartan in the sphere of circadian rhythm in metabolic syndrome in the elderly. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2010; 49 Suppl 1:95-101. [PMID: 19836621 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2009.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This study compares the efficacy of telmisartan with that of valsartan and ramipril in reducing blood pressure (BP) over 24 hrs in the elderly patients with metabolic syndrome (MS). This prospective and open label study analyzed a sample of 60 patients over 65 years of age with hypertension and with MS. At the beginning the BP was monitored by a 24-hr ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (AMBP). Following this, the 60 patients were divided into 3 groups of 20, to each of which was prescribed, respectively, telmisartan, valsartan and ramipril to take for 12 weeks. The drugs were to be taken at 9.00 a.m. Later on the doses were increased. After 12 weeks of therapy, BP was monitored by a 24-hr AMBP. The use of telmisartan caused a greater reduction of the BP in the final 4-6 hours of the period between the 1st administration of the drug and the next one, these last 4-6 hours being those when cardiovascular and cerebrovascular accidents are more frequent (between 6.00 and 10.00 a.m.). Comparing to valsartan and ramipril, telmisartan results in excellent pressure control during the last 4-6 hours between the 1st administration of the drug and the next one.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Formosa
- Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Invecchiamento, Sapienza Universita di Roma, Umberto I Policlinico di Roma, Roma, Italy
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Costa FV, DʼAusilio A, Bianchi C, Negrini C, Lopatriello S. Adherence to Antihypertensive Medications. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 2009. [DOI: 10.2165/11530330-000000000-00000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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Grassi G, Quarti-Trevano F, Mancia G. Review: Cardioprotective effects of telmisartan in uncomplicated and complicated hypertension. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2008; 9:66-74. [DOI: 10.3317/jraas.2008.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARB) as a new class of drugs for the management of hypertension has elicited the attention of many clinicians worldwide with the aim of improving blood pressure (BP) control as well as cardiovascular protection.AmongARB telmisartan has been shown to be characterised by an antihypertensive efficacy fully covering the 24-hour period, thereby allowing to antagonise the adverse effects of early morning BP rise on cardiovascular risk. Other specific effects of the drug are represented by its favourable metabolic profile (particularly on insulin sensitivity) and neutral effects on sympathetic cardiovascular function.These properties are coupled with cardioprotective effects, documented by the evidence that the drug: 1) is effective in favouring the regression of cardiac and vascular organ damage, 2) reduces arterial stiffness and improves vascular distensibility and 3) reverses the endothelial dysfunction typical of the hypertensive state particularly when complicated by renal failure, diabetes, obesity or metabolic syndrome. Several of these properties can account for the results of the ONgoing Telmisartan Alone and in combination with Ramipril Global Endpoint Trial (ONTARGET), documenting the beneficial effects on the drug on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Grassi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Prevention, S Gerardo Hospital, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza Milan, Center of Clinical Physiology and Hypertension, Milan, Italy,
| | - Fosca Quarti-Trevano
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Prevention, S Gerardo Hospital, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza Milan, Center of Clinical Physiology and Hypertension, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mancia
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Prevention, S Gerardo Hospital, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza Milan, Center of Clinical Physiology and Hypertension, Milan, Italy
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