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Khan S, McWhorter AR, Andrews DM, Underwood GJ, Moore RJ, Van TTH, Gast RK, Chousalkar KK. Dust sprinkling as an effective method for infecting layer chickens with wild-type Salmonella Typhimurium and changes in host gut microbiota. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2024; 16:e13265. [PMID: 38747207 PMCID: PMC11094578 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.13265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Role of dust in Salmonella transmission on chicken farms is not well characterised. Salmonella Typhimurium (ST) infection of commercial layer chickens was investigated using a novel sprinkling method of chicken dust spiked with ST and the uptake compared to a conventional oral infection. While both inoculation methods resulted in colonisation of the intestines, the Salmonella load in liver samples was significantly higher at 7 dpi after exposing chicks to sprinkled dust compared to the oral infection group. Infection of chickens using the sprinkling method at a range of doses showed a threshold for colonisation of the gut and organs as low as 1000 CFU/g of dust. Caecal content microbiota analysis post-challenge showed that the profiles of chickens infected by the sprinkling and oral routes were not significantly different; however, both challenges induced differences when compared to the uninfected negative controls. Overall, the study showed that dust sprinkling was an effective way to experimentally colonise chickens with Salmonella and alter the gut microbiota than oral gavage at levels as low as 1000 CFU/g dust. This infection model mimics the field scenario of Salmonella infection in poultry sheds. The model can be used for future challenge studies for effective Salmonella control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samiullah Khan
- School of Animal and Veterinary SciencesThe University of AdelaideRoseworthySouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Andrea R. McWhorter
- School of Animal and Veterinary SciencesThe University of AdelaideRoseworthySouth AustraliaAustralia
| | | | | | | | | | - Richard K. Gast
- U.S. National Poultry Research CenterUSDA Agricultural Research ServiceAthensGeorgiaUSA
| | - Kapil K. Chousalkar
- School of Animal and Veterinary SciencesThe University of AdelaideRoseworthySouth AustraliaAustralia
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Arreguin-Nava MA, Graham BD, Adhikari B, Agnello M, Selby CM, Hernandez-Velasco X, Vuong CN, Solis-Cruz B, Hernandez-Patlan D, Latorre JD, Tellez G, Hargis BM, Tellez-Isaias G. In ovo Administration of Defined Lactic Acid Bacteria Previously Isolated From Adult Hens Induced Variations in the Cecae Microbiota Structure and Enterobacteriaceae Colonization on a Virulent Escherichia coli Horizontal Infection Model in Broiler Chickens. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:489. [PMID: 32974395 PMCID: PMC7472437 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of in ovo administration of a defined lactic acid microbiota (LAM), previously isolated from adult hens, in the cecae microbiota structure and Enterobacteriaceae colonization after exposure to virulent Escherichia coli during the hatching phase of broiler chickens were evaluated. Embryos inoculated with LAM showed a significant (P < 0.05) reduction of Enterobacteriaceae colonization at day-of-hatch (DOH) and day (d) 7. Furthermore, there was a significant increase in total lactic acid bacteria on DOH, body weight (BW) DOH, BW d7, and d0–d7 BW gain and reduced mortality d0–d7 was observed in the LAM group compared with that in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) control. The bacterial composition at the family level revealed that the Enterobacteriaceae was numerically reduced, whereas the Ruminococcaceae was significantly increased in the LAM group when compared with that in the PBS control. Moreover, the bacterial genera Proteus and Butyricicoccus and unidentified bacterial genera of family Lachnospiraceae and Erysipelotrichaceae were significantly enriched in the LAM group. In contrast, the Clostridium of the family Peptostreptococcaceae and unidentified genus of family Enterobacteriaceae were significantly abundant in the PBS control group. In summary, in ovo administration of a defined LAM isolated from adult hens did not affect hatchability, improved body weight gain and reduced mortality at d7, induced variations in the cecae microbiota structure and reduced Enterobacteriaceae colonization on a virulent E. coli horizontal infection model in broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brittany D Graham
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Bishnu Adhikari
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | | | - Callie M Selby
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Xochitl Hernandez-Velasco
- Departamento de Medicina y Zootecnia de Aves, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Christine N Vuong
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Bruno Solis-Cruz
- Laboratorio 5: LEDEFAR, Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria, FES Cuautitlán, UNAM, Cuautitlán Izcalli, Mexico
| | - Daniel Hernandez-Patlan
- Laboratorio 5: LEDEFAR, Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria, FES Cuautitlán, UNAM, Cuautitlán Izcalli, Mexico
| | - Juan D Latorre
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Guillermo Tellez
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Billy M Hargis
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
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Respiratory and Gut Microbiota in Commercial Turkey Flocks with Disparate Weight Gain Trajectories Display Differential Compositional Dynamics. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:AEM.00431-20. [PMID: 32276973 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00431-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Communities of gut bacteria (microbiota) are known to play roles in resistance to pathogen infection and optimal weight gain in turkey flocks. However, knowledge of turkey respiratory microbiota and its link to gut microbiota is lacking. This study presents a 16S rRNA gene-based census of the turkey respiratory microbiota (nasal cavity and trachea) alongside gut microbiota (cecum and ileum) in two identical commercial Hybrid Converter turkey flocks raised in parallel under typical field commercial conditions. The flocks were housed in adjacent barns during the brood stage and in geographically separated farms during the grow-out stage. Several bacterial taxa, primarily Staphylococcus, that were acquired in the respiratory tract at the beginning of the brood stage persisted throughout the flock cycle. Late-emerging predominant taxa in the respiratory tract included Deinococcus and Corynebacterium Tracheal and nasal microbiota of turkeys were identifiably distinct from one another and from gut microbiota. Nevertheless, gut and respiratory microbiota changed in parallel over time and appeared to share many taxa. During the brood stage, the two flocks generally acquired similar gut and respiratory microbiota, and their average body weights were comparable. However, there were qualitative and quantitative differences in microbial profiles and body weight gain trajectories after the flocks were transferred to geographically separated grow-out farms. Lower weight gain corresponded to the emergence of Deinococcus and Ornithobacterium in the respiratory tract and Fusobacterium and Parasutterella in gut. This study provides an overview of turkey microbiota under field conditions and suggests several hypotheses concerning the respiratory microbiome.IMPORTANCE Turkey meat is an important source of animal protein, and the industry around its production contributes significantly to the agricultural economy. The microorganisms present in the gut of turkeys are known to impact bird health and flock performance. However, the respiratory microbiota in turkeys is entirely unexplored. This study has elucidated the microbiota of respiratory tracts of turkeys from two commercial flocks raised in parallel throughout a normal flock cycle. Further, the study suggests that bacteria originating in the gut or in poultry house environments influence respiratory communities; consequently, they induce poor performance, either directly or indirectly. Future attempts to develop microbiome-based interventions for turkey health should delimit the contributions of respiratory microbiota and aim to limit disturbances to those communities.
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