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Weiss MB, Médice RV, Jacinavicius FR, Pinto E, Crnkovic CM. Metabolomics Applied to Cyanobacterial Toxins and Natural Products. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1439:21-49. [PMID: 37843804 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-41741-2_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
The biological and chemical diversity of Cyanobacteria is remarkable. These ancient prokaryotes are widespread in nature and can be found in virtually every habitat on Earth where there is light and water. They are producers of an array of secondary metabolites with important ecological roles, toxic effects, and biotechnological applications. The investigation of cyanobacterial metabolites has benefited from advances in analytical tools and bioinformatics that are employed in metabolomic analyses. In this chapter, we review selected articles highlighting the use of targeted and untargeted metabolomics in the analyses of secondary metabolites produced by cyanobacteria. Here, cyanobacterial secondary metabolites have been didactically divided into toxins and natural products according to their relevance to toxicological studies and drug discovery, respectively. This review illustrates how metabolomics has improved the chemical analysis of cyanobacteria in terms of speed, sensitivity, selectivity, and/or coverage, allowing for broader and more complex scientific questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcio Barczyszyn Weiss
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rhuana Valdetário Médice
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Rios Jacinavicius
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ernani Pinto
- Centre for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, Division of Tropical Ecosystem Functioning, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Camila Manoel Crnkovic
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Lima ST, Fallon TR, Cordoza JL, Chekan JR, Delbaje E, Hopiavuori AR, Alvarenga DO, Wood SM, Luhavaya H, Baumgartner JT, Dörr FA, Etchegaray A, Pinto E, McKinnie SMK, Fiore MF, Moore BS. Biosynthesis of Guanitoxin Enables Global Environmental Detection in Freshwater Cyanobacteria. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:9372-9379. [PMID: 35583956 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c01424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Harmful cyanobacterial blooms (cyanoHABs) cause recurrent toxic events in global watersheds. Although public health agencies monitor the causal toxins of most cyanoHABs and scientists in the field continue developing precise detection and prediction tools, the potent anticholinesterase neurotoxin, guanitoxin, is not presently environmentally monitored. This is largely due to its incompatibility with widely employed analytical methods and instability in the environment, despite guanitoxin being among the most lethal cyanotoxins. Here, we describe the guanitoxin biosynthesis gene cluster and its rigorously characterized nine-step metabolic pathway from l-arginine in the cyanobacterium Sphaerospermopsis torques-reginae ITEP-024. Through environmental sequencing data sets, guanitoxin (gnt) biosynthetic genes are repeatedly detected and expressed in municipal freshwater bodies that have undergone past toxic events. Knowledge of the genetic basis of guanitoxin biosynthesis now allows for environmental, biosynthetic gene monitoring to establish the global scope of this neurotoxic organophosphate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella T Lima
- Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo 13416-000, Brazil.,Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Timothy R Fallon
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Jennifer L Cordoza
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Jonathan R Chekan
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, United States
| | - Endrews Delbaje
- Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo 13416-000, Brazil
| | - Austin R Hopiavuori
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Danillo O Alvarenga
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK 2100, Denmark
| | - Steffaney M Wood
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Hanna Luhavaya
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Jackson T Baumgartner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Felipe A Dörr
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Augusto Etchegaray
- Center for Life Sciences, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas (PUC-Campinas), Campinas, Sao Paulo 13087-571, Brazil
| | - Ernani Pinto
- Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo 13416-000, Brazil
| | - Shaun M K McKinnie
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Marli F Fiore
- Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo 13416-000, Brazil
| | - Bradley S Moore
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States.,Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, United States
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